Periodontally compromised adult patients may benefit from modified appliance designs for space closure. TMA T-loops of .016″ × .022″ and .017″ × .025″ cross sections, with angulations incorporated via concentrated bends and gradual curvature bends are presented. The force systems these appliances produce are measured, and their clinical performances discussed. Templates for these T-loops are presented. By producing lower forces and higher moment to force ratios, this type of T-loop may benefit patients with bony loss.

Space closure, Bony loss, Moment to force ratio, Retraction
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Author notes

Dr. C. Manhartsberger is a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthodontics. He holds an MD degree from the University of Innsbruck, Austria and a DDS degree from the University of Vienna, Austria

Mr. J. Morton is Director of Biomechanical Engineering at the University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthodontics. He holds a BS in Biomedical Engineering from Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute

Dr. C. Burstone is Professor and Chairman, University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Orthodontics. He holds a DDS from Washington University, and an MS degree from the University of Indiana

Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists
1989