Macrosiphum rosae L. or rose aphid. Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy or black citrus aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouché or greenhouse thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are serious cosmopolitan phytophagous pests that can cause severe damage to many cultivated crops.

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical signals utilized by these pests in order to carry out their everyday functions. This was achieved by determining the nature of volatile compounds in the secretions of the rose aphid, the black citrus aphid and the greenhouse thrips.

The results obtained showed similarities not only between the two aphid species but also between aphids and thrips with acids and their methyl esters, aldehydes and alkanes being common components of the secretions.

E-β-farnesene, a known alarm substance in many aphid species, was confirmed to be a constituent of the secretions of the rose aphid and was isolated for the first time from the black citrus aphid. Results indicated that the sesquiterpene is metabolically produced by the insects and used when required.

Aldrich, J. R., 1988. Chemical ecology of the Heteroptera. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 33: 211-38.
,
Chemical ecology of the Heteroptera
,
Ann. Rev. Entomol.
, vol.
33
(pg.
211
-
38
)
Beattie, G. A. C. and Jiang, L., 1990. Greenhouse thrips and its parasitoids in coastal New South Wales. Gee. Appl. Ent. 22: 21-24.
,
Greenhouse thrips and its parasitoids in coastal New South Wales
,
Gee. Appl. Ent.
, vol.
22
(pg.
21
-
24
)
Blum, M. S., Foottit, R. and Fales, H. M., 1992. Defensive chemistry and function of the anal exudate of the thrips Haplothrips leucanthemi. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102C: 209-11.
,
Defensive chemistry and function of the anal exudate of the thrips Haplothrips leucanthemi
,
Comp. Biochem. Physiol.
(pg.
209
-
11
)
Borror, D. J., Delong, D. M. and Triplehorn, C. A., 1976. An introduction to the study of insects. 4th edition. Holt, Rinehart and Wilaton: USA.
,
An introduction to the study of insects
Borror, D. J., Tripiehorn, C. A. and Johnson, N. F., 1992. Introduction to the study of insects. Saunders College: New York.
,
Introduction to the study of insects
Bowers, W. S., Nault, L. R., Webb, R. E. and Dutky, S. R., 1972. Aphid alarm pheromone: Isolation, identification, synthesis. Science 171: 1121-122.
,
Aphid alarm pheromone: Isolation, identification, synthesis
,
Science
, vol.
171
(pg.
1121
-
122
)
Budenberg, W J., 1990. Honeydew as a contact kairomone for aphid parasitoids. Entomol. exp. appl. 55: 139-45.
,
Honeydew as a contact kairomone for aphid parasitoids
,
Entomol. exp. appl.
, vol.
55
(pg.
139
-
45
)
Buffa, P., 1911. Studi intorno al ciclo partenogenetico dell' Heliotrips haemarrhoidalis (BouehAs). Redia 7: 71-109.
,
Studi intorno al ciclo partenogenetico dell' Heliotrips haemarrhoidalis (BouehAs)
,
Redia
, vol.
7
(pg.
71
-
109
)
Busgen, M., 1891. Der Honigtau. Biologische studie an pflanzen and pflanzenlausen. Jena Z. Naturto. 25: 339-428.
,
Der Honigtau. Biologische studie an pflanzen and pflanzenlausen
,
Jena Z. Naturto.
, vol.
25
(pg.
339
-
428
)
Carver, M., 1978. The black citrus aphids, Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy and T aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae). J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 17: 263-70.
,
The black citrus aphids, Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy and T aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
,
J. Aust. Ent. Soc.
, vol.
17
(pg.
263
-
70
)
Clark, L., Shah, P S. and Mason, J. R., 1991. Chemical repellency in hirds; Relationship between structure of anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives and avoidance response. J. Exp. Zool. 260: 310-22.
,
Chemical repellency in hirds; Relationship between structure of anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives and avoidance response
,
J. Exp. Zool.
, vol.
260
(pg.
310
-
22
)
Dixon, A. F. G. and Stewart, W. A., 1975. Function of the siphunculi in aphids with particular reference to the sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoides. J. Zool. Land. 175: 279-89.
,
Function of the siphunculi in aphids with particular reference to the sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoides
,
J. Zool. Land.
, vol.
175
(pg.
279
-
89
)
Edwards, L. J., Sidall, J. B., Dunham, L. L., Uden, P. and Kislow, C. J., 1973. Trans-A-farnesene, aphid alarm pheromone of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer. Nature 241: 126-27.
,
Trans-A-farnesene, aphid alarm pheromone of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer
,
Nature
, vol.
241
(pg.
126
-
27
)
Findlay, J. A., Buthelezi, S., Li, G., Miller, J. D. and Seveck, M., 1997. Insect toxins from an endophytic fungus from wintergreen. J. Nat. Prod. 60: 1214-215.
,
Insect toxins from an endophytic fungus from wintergreen
,
J. Nat. Prod.
, vol.
60
(pg.
1214
-
215
)
Froggatt, W. W, 1906. Thrips or black fly (Thysanoptera). N. S. W. Ag. Gaz. 17: 1005-111.
,
Thrips or black fly (Thysanoptera)
,
N. S. W. Ag. Gaz.
, vol.
17
(pg.
1005
-
111
)
Haga, K., Suzuki, T., Kodama, S. and Kuwahara, Y., 1989. Secretion of thrips III. Secretion of acid emitting thrips, Hoplothrips japonicas (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 24: 242-44.
,
Secretion of thrips III. Secretion of acid emitting thrips, Hoplothrips japonicas (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Ent. Zool.
, vol.
24
(pg.
242
-
44
)
Haga, K., Suzuki, T., Kodama, S., and Kuwahara, Y., 1990. Secretion of thrips V1. Identification of b-myrcene from Thlibothrips isonuki (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Eat. Zool. 25: 138-39.
,
Secretion of thrips V1. Identification of b-myrcene from Thlibothrips isonuki (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae).
,
Appl. Eat. Zool.
, vol.
25
(pg.
138
-
39
)
Hely, P C., 1968. The entomology of citrus in New South Wales. Misc. Pubis Aust. Ent. Sac. 1: 1-20.
,
The entomology of citrus in New South Wales
,
Misc. Pubis Aust. Ent. Sac.
, vol.
1
(pg.
1
-
20
)
Hill, D. S., 1997. The Economic Importance of Insects. Chapman and Hall: London.
,
The Economic Importance of Insects
Howard, D. F., Blum, M. S. and Fales, H. M., 1983. Defence in thrips: forbidding fruitiness of a lactone. Science 220335-36.
,
Defence in thrips: forbidding fruitiness of a lactone
,
Science
, vol.
220
(pg.
335
-
36
)
Howse, P. E., Stevens, I. D. R. and Jones, O. T., 1998. Insect Pheromones and Their Use inPest Management. Chapman and Hall: London.
,
Insect Pheromones and Their Use in Pest Management
Kislow, C. J. and Edwards, L. J. 1972. Repellent odour in aphids. Nature 235: 108-09.
,
Repellent odour in aphids
,
Nature
, vol.
235
(pg.
108
-
09
)
Kristensen, N. P., 1991. Phylogeny of extant hexapods. Pp. 125-35 in The Insects of Australia ed by I. D. Naumman et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. CSIRO. Melbourne University Press: Australia.
,
The Insects of Australia
, vol.
1
(pg.
125
-
35
)
Kuwahara. Y., Akimoto, K. and Leal, W. S., 1987. Isopiperitenone: a new alarm pheromone of the acarid mite, Typophagous similis (Acarina: Acaridae). Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 3441-442.
,
Isopiperitenone: a new alarm pheromone of the acarid mite, Typophagous similis (Acarina: Acaridae)
,
Agric. Biol. Chem.
, vol.
51
(pg.
3441
-
442
)
Lewis, T., 1973. Thrips: their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance. Academic Press: London.
,
Thrips: their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance
Miyazaki, M., 1987. Morphology of aphids. Pp. 1-25 in World Crop Pests, Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control ed by W. Helle. Vol. 2A. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
,
World Crop Pests, Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control
, vol.
2A
(pg.
1
-
25
)
Mound, L. A. and Teulon, D. A. J., 1995. Thysanoptera as phytophagous opportunists. Pp. 3-19 in Thrips Biology and Management ed by J. Parker et al. NATO ASI Series - Series A: Life Sciences Vol, 276.
Njoroge, S. M., Ukeda, H., Kusunose, H. and Sawamura, M., 1996. Volatile compounds of lime essential oils. J. Flav. and Fragn. 11: 25-29.
,
Volatile compounds of lime essential oils
,
J. Flav. and Fragn.
, vol.
11
(pg.
25
-
29
)
Pickett, J. A. and Griffiths, D. C., 1980. Composition of aphid alarm pheromones. J.Chem. Ecol. 6: 349-60.
,
Composition of aphid alarm pheromones
,
J. Chem. Ecol.
, vol.
6
(pg.
349
-
60
)
Schepers, A., 1987. Damage caused by aphids. Pp. 87-101 in World Crop Pests. Aphids Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control ed by W. Helle. Vol. 2C. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
,
World Crop Pests. Aphids Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control
, vol.
2C
(pg.
87
-
101
)
Suzuki, T., Haga, K. and Kuwahara, Y., 1986. Anal secretion of thrips 1. Identification of perillene from Leenwenia pasanii (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 21: 461-66.
,
Anal secretion of thrips I. Identification of perillene from Leenwenia pasanii (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Ent. Zool.
, vol.
21
(pg.
461
-
66
)
Suzuki, T., Haga, K., Kodama, S., Watanabe, K. and Kuwahara, Y., 1988. Secretion of thrips II. Secretions of three gall-inhabiting thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 23: 291-97.
,
Secretion of thrips II. Secretions of three gall-inhabiting thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Ent. Zool.
, vol.
23
(pg.
291
-
97
)
Suzuki, T., Haga, K., Leal, W. S., Kodama, S. and Kuwahara, Y., 1989. Secretion of thrips IV. Identification of B-acaridial from three gall-forming thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 24: 222-28.
,
Secretion of thrips IV. Identification of B-acaridial from three gall-forming thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Ent. Zool.
, vol.
24
(pg.
222
-
28
)
Suzuki, T., Haga, K., Kodama, S., Nemoto, T. and Kuwahara, Y., 1990. Secretion of thrips V Secretion of the ldolothripine thrips, Bactothrips brevitubus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 21: 1-7.
,
Secretion of thrips V Secretion of the ldolothripine thrips, Bactothrips brevitubus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Ent. Zool.
, vol.
21
(pg.
1
-
7
)
Suzuki, T., Haga, K., Kataoka, M., Tsutsumi, T., Nakano, Y., Matsuyama, S. and Kuwahara, Y., 1995. Secretions of thrips VIII. Secretions of two Ponticulothrips species Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Appl. Entom. Zool. 30: 509-19.
,
Secretions of thrips VIII. Secretions of two Ponticulothrips species Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
,
Appl. Entom. Zool.
, vol.
30
(pg.
509
-
19
)
Teerling, C. R., Pierce, H. D., Borden, J. H. and Gillespie, D. R., 1993a. Identification and bioactivity of alarm pheromone in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 681-97.
,
Identification and bioactivity of alarm pheromone in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis
,
J. Chem. Ecol.
, vol.
19
(pg.
681
-
97
)
Teerling, C. R., Gillespie, D. R. and Borden, J. H., 1993b. Utilization of western flower thrips alarm pheromone as a prey-finding kairomone by predators. Can. Entomol. 125: 431-37.
,
Utilization of western flower thrips alarm pheromone as a prey-finding kairomone by predators
,
Can. Entomol.
, vol.
125
(pg.
431
-
37
)
Torr, S. J., Mangwiro, T. N. C. and Hall, D. R., .1996. Responses of Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field. Bull. Ent. Res. 86: 609-16.
,
Responses of Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field
,
Bull. Ent. Res.
, vol.
86
(pg.
609
-
16
)
Waterhouse, D. F., Forss, D. A. and Hackman, R. H., 1961. Characteristic odour components of the scent of stink bugs. J. Ins. Physiol. 6: 113-21.
,
Characteristic odour components of the scent of stink bugs
,
J. Ins. Physiol.
, vol.
6
(pg.
113
-
21
)
This content is only available as a PDF.