The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea is an unusual endangered frog species. It has a high public profile as many populations occur in areas affected by human activities. As a result, there has been considerable recent scientific and popular interest in the species. Despite the interest and large volume of documented information there has been no general review of the biology of the species. Litoria aurea is not typical of other endangered species. It has many attributes of a “weedy” or “colonizing” species. Like other such species, it is characterised by occurrence in disturbed or newly created sites, high fecundity and high dispersal ability. However, unlike many “colonizing” species that are very common, L. aurea is considered to be endangered. Though the decline of L. aurea is continuing as a result of ongoing threats, it should be possible to promote some recovery of the species through such strategies as increased legislative protection, conservation agreements, habitat manipulation, and control of the impacts of the introduced Plague Minnow Gambusia holbrooki. As in many similar situations, further research will be essential to provide the necessary information-base for the threats to be arrested and the opportunities to be pursued. In this paper we review all available published information with regard to the biology of L. aurea, and include some previously unpublished field observations. We consider the implications of this review in terms of recovery and/or management of the species and the extent of further research on L. aurea that could benefit the recovery process.
Alford, R.A. and Richards, S.J. 1997. Lack of evidence for epidemic disease as an agent in the catestrophic decline of Australian rainforest frogs. Conservation Biology 11, 1026-1029.
Lack of evidence for epidemic disease as an agent in the catestrophic decline of Australian rainforest frogs
, Conservation Biology
, vol. 11
(pg. 1026
-1029
) Andrews Neil 1994. Fauna Impact Statement. Proposed Industrial Subdivision Pacific Hwy Wyong. Prepared on behalf of A. Van Stappen Pty Ltd, Durian Pty Ltd & Rico Projects Pty Ltd.
Anonymous 1996. Go ahead for biodiversity project. Article in “Marrickville Matters” April 1996.
Anonymous 2000. Born to be free! Natural Heritage Summer 2000, 8.
Anstis, M. 1974. An introduction to the study of Australian tadpoles. Herpetofauna 7, 9-14.
An introduction to the study of Australian tadpoles
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 7
(pg. 9
-14
) Ash, L.R. 1968. The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic metastrongyles. Journal of Parasitology 54, 432-436.
The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic metastrongyles
, Journal of Parasitology
, vol. 54
(pg. 432
-436
) Australian Museum Business Services 1996a. Species Impact Statement for Proposed Effluent Transfer Pipeline Construction: Cronulla STP Upgrade. Prepared on behalf of Sydney Water Corporation.
Australian Museum Business Services 1996b. Species Impact Statement for Proposed Upgrade of Cronulla Sewage Treatment Plant. Prepared on behalf of Sydney Water Corporation.
Australian Museum Business Services 1996c. Species Impact Statement for the Proposed Stage 2 Site Preparation of Newington. Prepared for Waste Service NSW.
Ayers, D., Nash, S. and Baggett, K. 1996. Threatened Species of Western New South Wales. Produced as part of Western Region Biodiversity Conservation Project. NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Sydney, NSW.
Bannerman, M. 1998. A report on the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) at Davistown and North Avoca. Course Report. University of Newcastle.
Barker, J. and Grigg, G. 1977. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Rigby, Adelaide.
,
A Field Guide to Australian Frogs
Barker, J., Grigg, G. C. and Tyler, M. J. 1995. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney.
,
A Field Guide to Australian Frogs
Barnett, S. 2000. The trouble with frogs. Forest & Bird No. 295, 14-17.
The trouble with frogs
, Forest & Bird
, vol. 295
(pg. 14
-17
) Bauer, A.M. and Sadlier, R.A. 2000. The Herpetofauna of New Caledonia. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
Bauer, A.M., Sadlier, R.A. and Chazeau, J. 1997. Litoria aurea(Green and Golden Bell Frog). Herpetological Review 28, 156.
Litoria aurea(Green and Golden Bell Frog)
, Herpetological Review
, vol. 28
pg. 156
Bauer, A.M. and Vindum, J.V. 1990. A checklist and key to the herpetofauna of New Caledonia, with remarks on biogeography. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 47, 17-45.
A checklist and key to the herpetofauna of New Caledonia, with remarks on biogeography
, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science
, vol. 47
(pg. 17
-45
) Bell, B.D. 1982a. The amphibian fauna of New Zealand. In: New Zealand Herpetology. NZ Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2. (Ed: Newman, DG) N.Z. Wildlife Service, Wellington, 27-89.
Bell, B.D. 1982b. New Zealand frogs. Herpetofauna 14, 1-21.
New Zealand frogs
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 14
(pg. 1
-21
) Bennett, R, 1997. Reptiles & Frogs of the Australian Capital Territory. National Parks Association of the ACT Inc., Canberra. 86 pages.
,
Reptiles & Frogs of the Australian Capital Territory
Berger, L. and Speare, R. 1998. Chytridiomycosis - a new disease of amphibians. The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching News 11, 1-3.
Chytridiomycosis - a new disease of amphibians
, The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching News
, vol. 11
(pg. 1
-3
) Berger, L., Speare, R., Daszak, P., Green, D.E., Cunningham, A.A., Goggin, C.L., Slocombe, R., Ragan, M.A., Hyatt, A.D., McDonald, K.R., Hines, H.B., Lips, K., Marantelli, G. and Parkes, H. 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forest frogs of Australia and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 95, 9031-9036.
Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forest frogs of Australia and Central America
, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
, vol. 95
(pg. 9031
-9036
) Blakers, M., Davies, S.J.J.F. and Reilly, P.N. 1984. The Atlas of Australian Birds. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union & Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 738pp.
,
The Atlas of Australian Birds
Bower, H. and Goldingay, R. 1998. Management Plan for the Green and Golden Bell frog at the Butterfly Road Quarry, Currambene State Forest, New South Wales. Prepared for NSW State Forests.
Brook, A.J. 1975. The distribution of Anuran amphibians in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 92, 104-120.
The distribution of Anuran amphibians in Victoria
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 92
(pg. 104
-120
) Brook, A.J. 1980. The breeding seasons of frogs in Victoria and Tasmania. Victorian Naturalist 97, 6-11.
The breeding seasons of frogs in Victoria and Tasmania
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 97
(pg. 6
-11
) Bull, P.C. and Whitaker, A.H. 1975. The amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In: Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand. (Ed: Kuschell, G) W. Junk, The Hague, 231-276.
,
Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand
(pg. 231
-276
) Busby, J.R. 1991. BIOCLIM- a bioclimate analysis and prediction system. In: Nature conservation. Cost effective biological survey and data analysis. (Ed: Margules, C.R.), 64-68.
Buttemer, W.A., van de Wielen, M., Dain, S. and Christy, M. 1996. Cutaneous properties of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea. Australian Zoologist 30, 134-138.
Cutaneous properties of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 134
-138
) Cawood, M. 1997. Spawning of an era. Australian Geographic No. 48, 34-51.
Chafer, C.J. 1996. An Ecological Assessment of the Proposed Culburra Urban Expansion Area and Environs. Report prepared for Culburra Beach Progress Association and Lake Wollumboola Support Group.
Christy, M. 1996. The efficacy of using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags without anaesthetic in free living frogs. Australian Zoologist 30, 139-142.
The efficacy of using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags without anaesthetic in free living frogs
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 139
-142
) Clancy, G.P. 1996. The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea in the Station Creek area of Yuraygir National Park. Australian Zoologist 30, 214-217.
The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea in the Station Creek area of Yuraygir National Park
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 214
-217
) Cleland, K. 1994. Report to the Honourable Robert Webster Minister for Planning and Minister for Housing. Mount Owen Colliery Extension Hebden. Proposed by Hunter Valley Coal Corporation Pty Ltd. Commission of Inquiry for Environment and Planning.
Cleland, J.B. and Johnston, T.H. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian batrachians No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44, 252-260.
The haematozoa of Australian batrachians No. 1
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
, vol. 44
(pg. 252
-260
) Clyne, D. 1969a. Australian Frogs. Periwinkle Books, Melbourne. 112 pages.
,
Australian Frogs
Clyne, D. 1969b. Frog-hunting up the East Coast Part 1. Victorian Naturalist 86, 226-270.
Frog-hunting up the East Coast Part 1
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 86
(pg. 226
-270
) Cogger, H.G. 1960. The Frogs of New South Wales. Australian Museum, Sydney. 37 pages
,
The Frogs of New South Wales
Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia. 6th edition. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
,
Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia
Cogger, H. 1993. Faunal Impact Statement. Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) occurring on property at the corner of Dalmeny street and Kimberley Grove, Rosebery.
Cogger, H. 1994. Review of the Fauna Impact Statement prepared by Dr Arthur White for Walker Corporation Pty Limited, Greenacre. Prepared for NSW NPWS.
Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. and Cogger, H.G. 1983. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Griffin Press, Netley, South Australia.
,
Amphibia and Reptilia
, vol. 1
Colgan, D. 1994. Preliminary report on the genetics of three populations of the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea. Report prepared for Property Services Group.
Colgan, D. 1996. Electrophoretic variation in the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea. Australian Zoologist 30, 170-176.
Electrophoretic variation in the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 170
-176
) Commonwealth of Australia 1999. Commonwealth Consolidated Legislation: Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 - Sect 7 Vulnerable species.
Consterdine, K. 1999. Habitat restoration of North Avoca Lagoon for the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea). Submitted as Habitat Restoration Module for Bush Regeneration IV Course.University of Newcastle.
Cooke, A.S. and Oldham, R.S. 1995. Establishment of populations of the Common Frog Rana temporaria, and the Common Toad Bufo bufo, in a newly created reserve following translocation. Herpetological Journal 5, 173-180.
Establishment of populations of the Common Frog Rana temporaria, and the Common Toad Bufo bufo, in a newly created reserve following translocation
, Herpetological Journal
, vol. 5
(pg. 173
-180
) Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 82, 9-108.
Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla
, Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 82
(pg. 9
-108
) Coupe, R. 1993. Australia's Wilderness Heritage. Vol. 2. Lansdowne Publishing Pty Ltd, Sydney. 400 pages.
,
Australia's Wilderness Heritage
, vol. 2
Courtice, G. 1972. A taxonomic revision of the Litoria aurea complex (Anura: Hylidae). B.Sc. (Hons) Honours Thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney. 48 p.
Courtice, G.P. and Grigg, G.C. 1975. A taxonomic revision of the Litoria aurea complex (Anura: Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia. Australian Zoologist 18, 149-163.
A taxonomic revision of the Litoria aurea complex (Anura: Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 18
(pg. 149
-163
) Cree, A. 1984. Breeding biology, respiration, and larval development of two introduced frogs (Litoria raniformis and L. ewingi). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 11, 179-188.
Breeding biology, respiration, and larval development of two introduced frogs (Litoria raniformis and L. ewingi)
, New Zealand Journal of Zoology
, vol. 11
(pg. 179
-188
) Cree, A. 1988. Water balance responses of the hylid frog Litoria aurea. Journal of Experimental Zoology 247, 119-125.
Water balance responses of the hylid frog Litoria aurea
, Journal of Experimental Zoology
, vol. 247
(pg. 119
-125
) Daly, G. 1995. Observations on the Green and Golden Bell-Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetofauna 25, 2-9.
Observations on the Green and Golden Bell-Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae)
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 25
(pg. 2
-9
) Daly, G. 1996. Some problems in the management of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae) at Coomonderry Swamp on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 30, 233-236.
Some problems in the management of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae) at Coomonderry Swamp on the south coast of New South Wales
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 233
-236
) Daly, G. 2000. Island populations: Reptiles and amphibians of the Jervis Bay Region on the south coast of New South Wales. Herpetofauna 30, 11-17.
Island populations: Reptiles and amphibians of the Jervis Bay Region on the south coast of New South Wales
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 30
(pg. 11
-17
) Dankers, N.M.J.A. 1977. The Ecology of an Anuran Community. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sydney, Sydney. 246 p.
Delvinquier, B.L.J. 1987. Opalinidae in Australian Anura. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 98, 93-120.
Opalinidae in Australian Anura
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
, vol. 98
(pg. 93
-120
) Delvinquier, B.L.J. 1988. On some Nyctotheridae of the Australian anura with a description of Nyctotheroides raffae n. sp. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 99, 21-34.
On some Nyctotheridae of the Australian anura with a description of Nyctotheroides raffae n. sp
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
, vol. 99
(pg. 21
-34
) Edgar, B. and Stephens, S. 1993. Commonwealth legislation relevant to reptiles and amphibians. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Disclipine. (Eds: Lunney, D and Ayers, D) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, 39-42.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Disclipine
(pg. 39
-42
) Ehmann, H. (Ed.) 1996. Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation. Frog and Tadpole Study Group of NSW, Sydney. 237 pages.
,
Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation
Fanning, F.D. 1996. Green & Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Rosebery site. Habitat assessment and translocation report, Dibble Avenue Brickpit. Unpublished Report.
Fanning, F.D. and White, A.W. 1994. The Green & Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea. Management plan for the Roseberry population. Prepared in accordance with requirements of the Section 120 licence for the site.
Fletcher, J.J. 1889. Observations on the oviposition and habits of certain Australian batrachians. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 4, 357-387.
Observations on the oviposition and habits of certain Australian batrachians
, Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 4
(pg. 357
-387
) Fletcher, J.J. 1892. Contributions to a more exact knowledge of the geographical distribution of Australian batrachia. No. III. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 7, 7-19.
Contributions to a more exact knowledge of the geographical distribution of Australian batrachia. No. III
, Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 7
(pg. 7
-19
) Fletcher, J.J. 1894. Contributions to a more exact knowledge of the geographical distribution of Australian batrachia. No. IV. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 2, 524-533.
Contributions to a more exact knowledge of the geographical distribution of Australian batrachia. No. IV
, Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 2
(pg. 524
-533
) Ford, M.A. 1983. The body and call forms of the frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis in New Zealand. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland.
Ford, M.A. 1986. Some observations of reproductive behaviour in captive smooth-backed green frogs (Litoria aurea). Tane 31, 113-120.
Some observations of reproductive behaviour in captive smooth-backed green frogs (Litoria aurea)
, Tane
, vol. 31
(pg. 113
-120
) Ford, M.A. 1989. Vocalisations of the green frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis, including species-specific male calls. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 16, 17-23.
Vocalisations of the green frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis, including species-specific male calls
, New Zealand Journal of Zoology
, vol. 16
(pg. 17
-23
) Frankham, R. 1995. Inbreeding and extinction: A threshold effect. Conservation Biology 9, 792-799.
Inbreeding and extinction: A threshold effect
, Conservation Biology
, vol. 9
(pg. 792
-799
) Gibbons, J.R.H. 1985. The biogeography and evolution of Pacific Island reptiles and amphibians. In: Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. (Eds: Grigg, G., Shine, R. and Ehmann, H.) Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd, Sydney, 125-142.
,
Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles
(pg. 125
-142
) Gill, B. 1986. Collins Handguide to the Frogs and Reptiles of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland
,
Collins Handguide to the Frogs and Reptiles of New Zealand
Gillespie, G.R. 1996. Distribution, habitat and conservation status of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Lesson 1829)(Anura: Hylidae) in Victoria. Australian Zoologist 30, 199-207
Distribution, habitat and conservation status of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Lesson 1829)(Anura: Hylidae) in Victoria
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 199
-207
) Gillespie, G. 1997. Impact of introduced fish on frog populations in Australia. Abstract for National Threatened Frog Workshop. Canberra 12-13 Nov 97.
Gillespie, G.R. and Hero, J-M. 1999. Potential impacts of introduced fish and fish translocations on Australian amphibians. In: Declines and Disappearances of Australian frogs. (Ed. A. Campbell) Environment Australia, Canberra, 131-144.
,
Declines and Disappearances of Australian frogs
(pg. 131
-144
) Glasby, C.J., Ross, G.J.B. and Beesley, P.L. (Eds.) 1993. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A Amphibia & Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. 439 pages.
,
Amphibia & Reptilia
, vol. 2A
Goldingay, R.L. 1996. The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea - from riches to ruins: conservation of a formerly common species. Australian Zoologist 30, 248-256.
The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea - from riches to ruins: conservation of a formerly common species
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 248
-256
) Goldingay, R. and Lewis, B. 1999. Development of a Conservation Strategy for the Green and Golden Bell Frog in the Illawarra Region of NSW. Australian Zoologist 31, 376-387.
Development of a Conservation Strategy for the Green and Golden Bell Frog in the Illawarra Region of NSW
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 31
(pg. 376
-387
) Gray, P. 1999. Recovery Action Strategy for the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) in Yuraygir National Park, 1998/99. Prepared for NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.
Greer, A.E. 1994. Faunal Impact Statement for proposed development works at the Homebush Bay brick pit. Report prepared for Property Services Group.
Greer, A.E. 1995. Survey of the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea, in the Greenacre Area, Strathfield, Sydney with special reference to the Enfield Marshalling Yards. Prepared for Kinhill Connell Wagner.
Greer, A.E. 1996a. Why Green and Golden Bell Frogs Litoria aurea should not be translocated - a unpublished opinion. Australian Zoologist 30, 257-258.
Why Green and Golden Bell Frogs Litoria aurea should not be translocated - a unpublished opinion
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 257
-258
) Greer, A.E. 1996b. The Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea, at the Cronulla STP, Kurnell Peninsula, NSW. Prepared for Sydney Water.
Greer, A.E. 1997. Developmental and evolutionary implications of some limb abnormalities in a sample of Green and Golden Bell Frogs, Litoria aurea (Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology 31, 596-599.
Developmental and evolutionary implications of some limb abnormalities in a sample of Green and Golden Bell Frogs, Litoria aurea (Hylidae)
, Journal of Herpetology
, vol. 31
(pg. 596
-599
) Greer, A.E. and Byrne, M. 1995. Sex ratio and frequency of osteological abnormalities in the Australian hylid frog Litoria aurea from two apparently unpolluted localities in Sydney, New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 30, 43-48.
Sex ratio and frequency of osteological abnormalities in the Australian hylid frog Litoria aurea from two apparently unpolluted localities in Sydney, New South Wales
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 43
-48
) Grenadier, L. and Mahony, M. 1999. Plan of Management for the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea at Culburra. “Draft”. A Report for the Shoalhaven City Council and NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.
Gunninah Environmental Consultants 1996. Cronulla Integrated Resort North Cronulla. Species Impact Statement. Prepared for Australand Properties Pty Ltd.
Gunninah Environmental Consultants 1996. M5 East Motorway. Eve Street and Marsh Street Wetlands. Roads & Traffic Authority. Species Impact Statement. Appendix F to Environmental Impact Statement. Prepared for Roads & Traffic Authority.
Hamer, A.J. 1998. Aspects of the ecology of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) on Kooragang Island, New South Wales, Australia. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW.
Harrison, L. 1922. On the breeding habits of Australian frogs. Australian Zoologist 3, 17-34.
On the breeding habits of Australian frogs
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 3
(pg. 17
-34
) Heatwole, H., De Bavay, J., Webber, P. and Webb, G. 1995. A faunal survey of New England. IV. The frogs. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38, 229-249.
A faunal survey of New England. IV. The frogs
, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
, vol. 38
(pg. 229
-249
) Hero, J-M. 1989. A simple code for toe clipping anurans. Herpetological Review 20: 66-67.
A simple code for toe clipping anurans
, Herpetological Review
, vol. 20
(pg. 66
-67
) Hero, J-M. and Gillespie, G.R. 1997. Epidemic disease and amphibian declines in Australia. Conservation Biology 11, 1023-1025.
Epidemic disease and amphibian declines in Australia
, Conservation Biology
, vol. 11
(pg. 1023
-1025
) Hero, J-M., Littlejohn, M. and Marantelli, G. 1991. Frogwatch Field Guide to Victorian Frogs. Victorian Department of Conservation and Environment, Melbourne.
,
Frogwatch Field Guide to Victorian Frogs
Heyer, W.R., Donnelly, M.A., McDiarmid, R.W., Hayek, L.C. and Foster, M.S. (Eds) 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington & London.364 pp.
,
Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians
Hobcroft, D. 1997a. Conservation program for the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea at Taronga Zoo: A cooperative recovery plan. Paper presented at 1997 ASZK-ARAZPA Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
,
Conservation program for the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea at Taronga Zoo: A cooperative recovery plan
Hobcroft, D. 1997b. Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Lesson 1829) Husbandry Manual. To be published presumably by ZPB of NSW.
Homebush Bay Corporation 1994. Homebush Bay Development Guidelines. Volume 1. Environmental Strategy. Draft 24/10/94.
Hoser, R.T. 1989. Australian Reptiles & Frogs. Pierson & Co, Sydney. 235 pages
,
Australian Reptiles & Frogs
Humphries, R.B. 1979. Dynamics of a Breeding Frog Community. Ph.D. Dissertation, Australian National University, Canberra. 217 p.
Hutchinson, M.N. and Maxson, L.R. 1987. Phylogenetic relationships among tree frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Pelodryadinae. an immunological approach. Australian Journal of Zoology 35, 61-74.
Phylogenetic relationships among tree frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Pelodryadinae. an immunological approach
, Australian Journal of Zoology
, vol. 35
(pg. 61
-74
) Interagency Advisory Group 1994. Plan of Management. Revegetation & wildlife management in relation to the proposed Mount Owen Mine. Prepared for Interagency Advisory Group in relation to proposed expansion of Mount Owen Coalmine.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature 1994. IUCN Red List Categories. IUCN Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland.
Jensen, P.R. 1997. Australand Properties Pty Ltd vs Sutherland Shire Council. Judgement in Land and Environment Court of NSW.
Katajczak, D. 1998. Bell Frogs - will they survive? Wildlife Australia Summer 1998, 33.
Bell Frogs - will they survive? Wildlife Australia
, Summer 1998
pg. 33
Kevin Mills & Associates 1997. The Green and Golden Bell Frog. MM Kembla Wire & Rod. Prt Kembla. City of Wollongong. Prepared for MM Kembla Wire & Rod.
King, M. 1980. C-banding studies of Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation. Chromosoma 80, 191-217.
C-banding studies of Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation
, Chromosoma
, vol. 80
(pg. 191
-217
) King, M. 1985. Chromosome markers and their use in phylogeny and systematics. In: Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. (Eds: Grigg, G., Shine, R. and Ehmann, H.) Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney, 165-175.
,
Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles
(pg. 165
-175
) King, M. 1993. A cytotaxonomic analysis of Australian hylid frogs of the genus Litoria. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D. and Ayers, D.) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, 169-175.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline
(pg. 169
-175
) King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. and King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27, 699-708.
Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs
, Australian Journal of Zoology
, vol. 27
(pg. 699
-708
) Krefft, G. 1863. On the batrachians occurring in the neighbourhood of Sydney, with remarks upon their geographical distribution. Procedings of the Zoological Society of London, 386-390.
On the batrachians occurring in the neighbourhood of Sydney, with remarks upon their geographical distribution
, Procedings of the Zoological Society of London
(pg. 386
-390
) Krefft, G. 1866. On the vertebrate animals of the Lower Murray and Darling, their habits, economy, and geographical distribution. Transactions of the Philosophical Society of New South Wales, 1-33.
On the vertebrate animals of the Lower Murray and Darling, their habits, economy, and geographical distribution
, Transactions of the Philosophical Society of New South Wales
(pg. 1
-33
) Lemckert, F. 1996. Surveys for the Green and Golden Bell frog Litoria aurea by the State Forests of New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 30, 208-213.
Surveys for the Green and Golden Bell frog Litoria aurea by the State Forests of New South Wales
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 208
-213
) Lesson, R.P. 1829. Description de quelques reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus. In: Voyage autour du monde, executé par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendent les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. (Ed: Duperrey, L.I.) Arthus Bertrand, Paris.
,
Voyage autour du monde, executé par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendent les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825
Lewis, B. 1996. A distribution and habitat assessment of three threatened frog species: Litoria aurea, Litoria olongburensis, Crinia tinnula in northern NSW. Integrated Project. Faculty of Resource Science and Management. Southern Cross University.
Lewis, B. 1997. Studies of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) in the Illawarra Region. B.Sc. (Hons) Thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
Lewis, B.D. and Goldingay, R.L. 1997a. A population census of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) at the Metal Manufacture's Property, Port Kembla. Prepared for Kevin Mills and Associates Pty Ltd.
Lewis, B. and Goldingay, R. 1997b. Status of the green and golden bell frog in north-eastern NSW. Abstract for National Threatened Frog Workshop. Canberra 12-13 Nov 97.
Littlejohn, M.J. 1965. Premating isolation in the Hyla ewingi complex (Anura: Hylidae). Evolution 18, 262-266.
Premating isolation in the Hyla ewingi complex (Anura: Hylidae)
, Evolution
, vol. 18
(pg. 262
-266
) Littlejohn, M.J. 1968. Frog calls and the species problem. Australian Zoologist 14: 259-264.
Frog calls and the species problem
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 14
(pg. 259
-264
) Littlejohn, M.J. 1969. Amphibia of East Gippsland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 82, 105-112.
Amphibia of East Gippsland
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
, vol. 82
(pg. 105
-112
) Littlejohn, M.J., Martin, A.A. and Rawlinson, P.A. 1963. New records of frogs in East Gippsland. Victorian Naturalist 80, 225-226.
New records of frogs in East Gippsland
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 80
(pg. 225
-226
) Littlejohn, M.J. and Watson, G.F. 1993. Hybrid zones in Australian frogs: their significance for conservation. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D. and Ayers, D.) Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 239-249.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline
(pg. 239
-249
) Loveridge, A. 1935. Australian Amphibia in the museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachussets. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 78, 1-60.
Australian Amphibia in the museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachussets
, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
, vol. 78
(pg. 1
-60
) Loveridge, A. 1950. New frogs of the genera Cyclorana and Hyla from south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63, 131-138.
New frogs of the genera Cyclorana and Hyla from south-eastern Australia
, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
, vol. 63
(pg. 131
-138
) Lucas, A.H.S. and Le Souef, W.H.D. 1909. The Animals of Australia. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., Christchurch. 327 pages.
,
Mammals, reptiles and amphibians
Lunney, D. and Ayers, D. 1993. The official status of frogs and reptiles in New South Wales. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D. and Ayers, D.) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, 404-408.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline
(pg. 404
-408
) Lunney, D. and Barker, J. 1986. Survey of reptiles and amphibians of the coastal forests near Bega, NSW. Australian Zoologist 22, 1-9.
Survey of reptiles and amphibians of the coastal forests near Bega, NSW
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 22
(pg. 1
-9
) Lunney, D., Curtin, A., Ayers, D., Cogger, H.G. and Dickman, C.R. 1996. An ecological approach to identifying the endangered fauna of New South Wales. Pacific Conservation Biology 2, 212-231.
An ecological approach to identifying the endangered fauna of New South Wales
, Pacific Conservation Biology
, vol. 2
(pg. 212
-231
) Lunney, D., Curtin, A., Ayers, D., Cogger, H.G., Dickman, C.R., Maitz, W., Law, B. and Fisher, D. 2000. The threatened and non-threatened native vertebrate fauna of New South Wales: status and ecological attributes. Pp 1-132. Environmental and Heritage Monograph Series No. 4. New South Wales NPWS, Hurstville.
,
Environmental and Heritage Monograph Series No. 4
(pg. 1
-132
) Mahony, M.J. 1993. The status of frogs in the Watagan Mountains area of the Central Coast of New South Wales. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D. and Ayers, D.) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, 257-264.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline
(pg. 257
-264
) Mahony, M. 1996. The Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) at Culburra. Preliminary Consideration of the Issue. Scope of the whole issue. Preliminary thoughts on developing a Joint Management Agreement, and Property Management Plans. Unpublished Report.
Mahony, M. 1996. The decline of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea viewed in the context of declines and disappearances of other Australian frogs. Australian Zoologist 30, 237-247.
The decline of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea viewed in the context of declines and disappearances of other Australian frogs
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 237
-247
) Mahony, M. 1997. Bell frogs. Abstract for National Threatened Frog Workshop. Canberra 12-13 Nov 97.
Mahony, M. 1997. Land and Environment Court Proceedings No. 10710 of 1996. Australand Properties v- Sutherland Shire Council. Matters Associated with the Species Impact Statement (SIS) and the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) at the Proposed Cronulla Integrated Resort. Report prepared for Sutherland Shire Council.
Mahony, M. 1999. Review of the declines and disappearances within the bell frog species group (Litoria aurea species group) in Australia. In: Declines and Disappearances of Australian frogs. (Ed. A. Campbell) Environment Australia, Canberra. 81-93.
,
eclines and Disappearances of Australian frogs
(pg. 81
-93
) Manidis Roberts Consultants 1994. Proposed M5 Motorway Fairford Road to General Holmes Drive Environmental Impact Statement 1994. Published by NSW Roads and Traffic Authority, Sydney.
Manidis Roberts Consultants 1996. Supplement to M5 East Motorway Environmental Impact Statement. Prepared for NSW Roads and Traffic Authority, Sydney.
Mansergh, I., Davey, G. and Robertson, P. 1993. Reptiles and amphibians of Victoria - legislation. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D and Ayers, D) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney.
,
Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline
Markwell, K.W. 1984. A biogeographical study of the frog fauna of Hexham swamp. B.A. (Hons) Thesis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle. 151 p.
Markwell, K. and Knight, R. 1986. An inventory of the herpetofauna of the South Eastern Section of Myall Lakes National Park, NSW. Hunter Wetlands Trust, Scientific Paper No. 1.
Martin, A.A., Littlejohn, M.J. and Rawlinson, P.A. 1966. A key to the Anuran eggs of the Melbourne area, and an addition to the Anuran fauna. Victorian Naturalist 83, 312-315.
A key to the Anuran eggs of the Melbourne area, and an addition to the Anuran fauna
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 83
(pg. 312
-315
) Martin, A.A. and Watson, G.F. 1971. Life history as an aid to generic delimitation in the family Hylidae. Copeia 1971, 78-89.
Life history as an aid to generic delimitation in the family Hylidae
, Copeia
, vol. 1971
(pg. 78
-89
) Maxson, L.R., Tyler, M.J. and Maxson, R.D. 1982. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyclorana and the Litoria aurea species-group (Anura: Hylidae). A molecular perspective. Australian Zoologist 30, 643-651.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cyclorana and the Litoria aurea species-group (Anura: Hylidae). A molecular perspective
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 643
-651
) McArtney, I.B. 1968. Reptiles and amphibians of the Bathurst district. Australian Zoologist 14, 265-267.
Reptiles and amphibians of the Bathurst district
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 14
(pg. 265
-267
) McArtney, I. 1992. A preamble on the history of the Winburndale riverlett and lagoon creek that form the major catchment for the Winburndale dam. unpublished observations Ms.
McCann, C. 1961. The introduced frogs of New Zealand. Tuatara 8, 107-120.
The introduced frogs of New Zealand
, Tuatara
, vol. 8
(pg. 107
-120
) McKenzie Land Planning Services 1996. Cronulla Integrated Resort Development Application and Environmental Impact Statement. Prepared for Australand Holdings Pty Ltd.
Metcalf, M.M. 1923. The opalinid ciliate infusorians. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 120, 1-484.
The opalinid ciliate infusorians
, Bulletin of the United States National Museum
, vol. 120
(pg. 1
-484
) Miehs, A. 2000. Dietary patterns and prey selection in Litoria aurea and Limnodynastes peronii. B.Sc (Hons) Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW.
Miehs, A. and Pyke, G.H. 2001. Observations of the foraging behaviour of adult Green and Golden Bell Frogs (Litoria aurea). Unpubl. Ms.
Moore, J.A. 1954. Geographic and genetic isolation in Australian amphibia. American Naturalist 88, 65-74.
Geographic and genetic isolation in Australian amphibia
, American Naturalist
, vol. 88
(pg. 65
-74
) Moore, J.A. 1957. Frogs of the Sydney region. Australian Museum Magazine 12, 212-216.
Frogs of the Sydney region
, Australian Museum Magazine
, vol. 12
(pg. 212
-216
) Moore, J.A. 1961. Frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121, 149-386.
Frogs of eastern New South Wales
, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
, vol. 121
(pg. 149
-386
) Morgan, L.A. 1995. An analysis of the impact of predation by Gambusia holbrooki on Litoria aurea tadpoles. B.Env.Sci. (Hons) Thesis, University of Wollongong, Wollongong. 69p.
Morgan, L.A. and Buttemer, W.A. 1996. Predation by the non-native fish Gambusia holbrooki on small Litoria aurea and L. dentata tadpoles. Australian Zoologist 30, 143-149.
Predation by the non-native fish Gambusia holbrooki on small Litoria aurea and L. dentata tadpoles
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 143
-149
) Murphy, M.J. 1994. Reptiles and amphibians of Seven Mile Beach National Park. Herpetofauna 24, 24-30.
Reptiles and amphibians of Seven Mile Beach National Park
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 24
(pg. 24
-30
) Murphy, M.J. 1996. A capture/recapture study of the endangered hylid frog Litoria aurea. Herpetofauna 25, 19-21.
A capture/recapture study of the endangered hylid frog Litoria aurea
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 25
(pg. 19
-21
) NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1994. Residential development at the corner of Dalmeny Ave and Kimberley Grove, Rosebery. Endangered Fauna Licence Application. Decision Report. Published by NSW NPWS.
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2000. Hygeine protocol for the control of disease in frogs. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Threatened Species Management Information Circular No. 6
Osborne, W. 1990. Declining frog populations and extinctions in the Canberra region. Bogong 11, 4-7.
Declining frog populations and extinctions in the Canberra region
, Bogong
, vol. 11
(pg. 4
-7
) Osborne, W.S. 1992. Declines and extinctions of frogs in the ACT: A discussion paper. ACT Parks and Conservation Service Internal Report 92/8.
Osborne, W.S., Littlejohn, M.J. and Thomson, S.A. 1996. Former distribution and apparent disappearance of the Litoria aurea complx from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Australian Zoologist 30, 190-198.
ormer distribution and apparent disappearance of the Litoria aurea complx from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 190
-198
) Osborne, W.S. and McElhinney, N.A. 1996. Status, habitat and preliminary observations on calling of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea on Bowen Island, Jervis Bay National Park. Australian Zoologist 30, 218-223.
Status, habitat and preliminary observations on calling of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea on Bowen Island, Jervis Bay National Park
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 218
-223
) Osborne, W., McElhinney, N. and Thomson, S. 1996. Status and habitat of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) on Bowen Island, Jervis Bay National Park. Commissioned by Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Parker, H.W. 1938. The races of the Australian frog Hyla aurea Lesson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2(9), 302-305.
The races of the Australian frog Hyla aurea Lesson
, Annals and Magazine of Natural History
, vol. 2
(pg. 302
-305
) Parsons, M. 1999. Green and Golden Bell Frog. Management Strategy. Hat Head National Park. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Penman, T.D. 1998. Natural factors affecting the early life stages of the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea: Lesson 1829. B.Sc. (Hons) Thesis. University of New South Wales, Sydney.186pp.
Pergolotti, D. 1995. Green and Golden Bell Frog mortality at the Homebush Bay Olympic Site. Herpetofauna 25, 39-41.
Green and Golden Bell Frog mortality at the Homebush Bay Olympic Site
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 25
(pg. 39
-41
) Pickard, C.R. and Towns, D.R. 1988. Atlas of the Amphibians and Reptiles of New Zealand. Conservation Sciences Publication Number 1. Science and Research Directorate, Dept of Conservation, Wellington.
Pyke, G.H. 1984. Optimal foraging: A critical review. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15, 523-575.
Optimal foraging: A critical review
, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
, vol. 15
(pg. 523
-575
) Pyke, G.H. 1995. Fauna Impact Statement for proposed development works at The Homebush Bay Development Area, excluding the Brickpit. Prepared for Olympic Co-ordination Agency.
Pyke, G.H. 2000. A strategy for reviewing the biology of animals. Australian Zoologist 31, 482-491.
A strategy for reviewing the biology of animals
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 31
(pg. 482
-491
) Pyke, G.H. 2001. Plague Minnow or Mosquito Fish? A review of the biology of Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki. Unpublished Ms.
Pyke, G.H. and Miehs, A. 2001. Predation by Water Skinks (Eulamprus quoyii) on tadpoles and metamorphs of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea). Herpetofauna, In press.
Pyke, G.H. and Osborne, W.S. 1996 (eds). The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea: Biology and conservation. Special Edition. Australian Zoologist 30.
Pyke, G.H. and White, A.W. 1996. Habitat requirements for the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae). Australian Zoologist 30, 224-232.
Habitat requirements for the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae)
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 224
-232
) Pyke, G.H. and White, A.W. 1999. Population dynamics amongs frog species occurring in ponds occupied by the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog. Australian Zoologist 31, 1-10.
Population dynamics amongs frog species occurring in ponds occupied by the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 31
(pg. 1
-10
) Pyke, G.H. and White, A.W. 2000. Factors influencing predation on tadpoles of the Green and Golden Bell Frog by the introduced Plague Minnow (Gambusia holbrooki). Australian Zoologist 31, 496-505.
Factors influencing predation on tadpoles of the Green and Golden Bell Frog by the introduced Plague Minnow (Gambusia holbrooki)
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 31
(pg. 496
-505
) Pyke, G.H., White, A.W., Bishop, P. and Waldman, B. 2001. Habitat-use by the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) in Australia and New Zealand. Unpublished Ms.
Resource Planning Pty Ltd 1994. Fauna Impact Statement Proposed Extension of the Mt Owen Colliery near Ravensworth, New South Wales. Prepared for Hunter Valley Coal Corporation Pty Ltd.
Robb, J. 1986. New Zealand Amphibians and Reptiles in colour. Collins, Auckland.
,
New Zealand Amphibians and Reptiles in colour
Roberts, J.D. and Maxson, L.R. 1988. Speciation processes in southeastern Australian anurans: A critique. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 140, 295-307.
Speciation processes in southeastern Australian anurans: A critique
, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia
, vol. 140
(pg. 295
-307
) Robinson, M. 1993a. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. From Port Augusta to Fraser Island including Tasmania. Australian Museum/Reed, Sydney. 112 pages.
,
A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. From Port Augusta to Fraser Island including Tasmania
Robinson, M. 1993b. Raising the Green and Gold, or Smooth Swamp Frog Litoria aurea to maturity in captivity. Herpetofauna 23, 15-16.
Raising the Green and Gold, or Smooth Swamp Frog Litoria aurea to maturity in captivity
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 23
(pg. 15
-16
) Royston, D. 1996. Environmental Impact Statement for Cronulla sewage treatment plant upgrade. Prepared for Sydney Water Corporation by AGC Woodward-Clyde.
Salzberg, A. 2000. Conservation News. Froglog No. 42, 6.
Sarasin, F. 1925. Uber die Tiergeschichte der Lander des Suudwestlichen Pazifische Ozeans auf Grund der Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Nova Caledonia, Zoologie A, Vol. 4(1). (Eds: Sarasin, F. and Roux, J.) C.W. Kreidels Verlag, Berlin, 1-177.
,
Nova Caledonia, Zoologie A
, vol. 4
(pg. 1
-177
) Scanlon, J.D. 2000. Notes on herpetofauna of Bendalong (South Coast of NSW), with reproductive data on elapid snakes and a range extension for Hemiapsis signata. Herpetofauna 30, 36-41.
Notes on herpetofauna of Bendalong (South Coast of NSW), with reproductive data on elapid snakes and a range extension for Hemiapsis signata
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 30
(pg. 36
-41
) Sherwin, W. 1995. Pilot study of protein variations in Litoria aurea & L. raniformis in Gippsland, Victoria. Poster displayed at Green and Golden Bell Frog Conference, held on 24 May 1995 at the Australian Museum.
Speare, R., Burger, L. and Hines, H. 1999. How to reduce the risks of YOU transmitting an infectious agent between frogs and between sites. Amphibian Diseases Home Page 22/1/99, (http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/PHTM/frogs/ampdis.htm). http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/PHTM/frogs/ampdis.htm
Specht, R.L. 1970. Vegetation. In: The Australian Environment. 4th (revised) ed. (Ed: Leeper, G.W.). CSIRO in association with Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
,
The Australian Environment
Steindachner, F. 1867. Amphibien in Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologie 1(4. 1-70).
Amphibien in Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859
, Zoologie
, vol. 1
(pg. 1
-70
) Sutherland Shire Council 1997. Integrated Tourist/Recreation Destination - Captain Cook Drive, Cronulla. Report concerning proposal by Australand Properties.
Thomson, G.M. 1922. The Naturalisation of Animals and Plants in New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
,
The Naturalisation of Animals and Plants in New Zealand
Thomson, S.A., Littlejohn, M.J., Robinson, W.A. and Osborne, W.S. 1996. Taxonomy of the Litoria aurea complex: a re-evaluation of the Southern Tableland populations of the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 30, 158-169.
Taxonomy of the Litoria aurea complex: a re-evaluation of the Southern Tableland populations of the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 158
-169
) Thurley, T. and Bell, B.D. 1994. Habitat distribution and predation on a western population of terrestrial Leiopelma (Anura: leiopelmatidae) in the northern King Country, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21, 431-436.
Habitat distribution and predation on a western population of terrestrial Leiopelma (Anura: leiopelmatidae) in the northern King Country, New Zealand
, New Zealand Journal of Zoology
, vol. 21
(pg. 431
-436
) Timms, B.V. 1974. Wetland ecology and conservation. Hunter Natural History 6(4), 204-218.
Wetland ecology and conservation
, Hunter Natural History
, vol. 6
(pg. 204
-218
) Timms, B.V. 1975. Frogs of the Cooranbong Area. Hunter Natural History 7, 51-53.
Frogs of the Cooranbong Area
, Hunter Natural History
, vol. 7
(pg. 51
-53
) Tyler, M.J. 1976. Frogs. Collins, Sydney.
,
Frogs
Tyler, M.J. 1979a. The introduction and current distribution in the New Hebrides of the Australian hylid frog Litoria aurea. Copeia 1979, 355-356.
The introduction and current distribution in the New Hebrides of the Australian hylid frog Litoria aurea
, Copeia
, vol. 1979
(pg. 355
-356
) Tyler, M.J. 1979b. The impact of European man upon Australasian amphibians. In: The Status of Endangered Australasian Wildlife. (Ed: Tyler, M.J.) Royal Zoological Society of South Australia, Adelaide.
,
The Status of Endangered Australasian Wildlife
Tyler, M.J. 1982. The hylid frog genus Litoria Tschudi: an overview. In: New Zealand Herpetology. (Ed: Newman, D.G.) NZ Wildlife Service, Wellington, 103-112.
,
New Zealand Herpetology
(pg. 103
-112
) Tyler, M.J. 1992. Encyclopaedia of Australian Animals. Frogs. Angus & Robertson, Sydney.
,
Frogs
Tyler, M.J. 1997. The Action Plan for Australian Frogs. Wildlife Australia, Canberra. 77 pages
,
The Action Plan for Australian Frogs
Tyler, M.J. and Davies, M. 1978. Species-groups within the Australopapuan Hylid Frog Genus Litoria Tschudi. Australian Zoologist Supplementary series No. 63, 1-47.
Species-groups within the Australopapuan Hylid Frog Genus Litoria Tschudi
, Australian Zoologist Supplementary series
(pg. 1
-47
) Tyler, M.J. and Davies, M. 1993. Family Hylidae. In: Fauna of Australia. (Eds: Glasby, C.J., Ross, G.J.B. and Beesley, P.L.) Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 58-63.
,
Fauna of Australia
(pg. 58
-63
) van de Mortel, T.F. 1996. Are Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae) eggs more sensitive to ultraviolet-B radiation than eggs of sympatric L. peronii or L. dentata? B. Sc. (Hons) Thesis, University of Wollongong, Wollongong. 91 p.
van de Mortel, T.F. and Buttemer, W.A. 1996. Are Litoria aurea eggs more sensitive to ultraviolet-B radiation than eggs of sympatric L. peronii or L. dentata? Australian Zoologist 30, 150-157.
Are Litoria aurea eggs more sensitive to ultraviolet-B radiation than eggs of sympatric L. peronii or L. dentata?
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 150
-157
) van de Mortel, T.F. and Buttemer, W.A. 1998. Avoidance of ultraviolet-B radiation in frogs and tadpoles of the species Litoria aurea, L. dentata and L. peronii. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 119, 173-179.
Avoidance of ultraviolet-B radiation in frogs and tadpoles of the species Litoria aurea, L. dentata and L. peronii
, Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 119
(pg. 173
-179
) van de Mortel, T., Buttemer, W., Hoffman, P., Hays, J. and Blaustein, A. 1998. A comparison of photolyase activity in three Australian tree frogs. Oecologia 115, 366-369.
A comparison of photolyase activity in three Australian tree frogs
, Oecologia
, vol. 115
(pg. 366
-369
) van de Mortel, T.F., Daly, G., Goldingay, R.L., Buttemer, W.A. and Formosa, P. 1997. The Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea: Management Plan for the Illawarra Population. Prepared for Wollongong City Council.
van de Mortel, T. and Goldingay, R. 1998. Population assessment of the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea at Port Kembla, NSW. Australian Zoologist 30, 398-404.
Population assessment of the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea at Port Kembla, NSW
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 398
-404
) van de Mortel, T.F., Goldingay, R.L., Daly, G., Buttemer, W.A. and Formosa, P. 1998. Management Plan for The Green and Golden Bell Frog at Coomaditchy Lagoon. Prepared for Wollongong City Council.
Voigt, L. 1996. Frogbits & tadpieces. Frogcall No. 23, 7.
Wassens, S. and Mullins, B.J.D. 2001. Rediscovery of a Green and Golden Bell Frog Population in the Southern Tablelands. Herpetofauna in press
Wangmann, M. 2000. The last meeting 6th October 2000. Frogcall No. 50, 2.
Watson, G.F. 1993. Diversity and distribution of Australian amphibians. In: Herpetology in Australia. A Diverse Discipline. (Eds: Lunney, D and Ayers, D) Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, 3.
Watson, G.F. and Littlejohn, M.J. 1985. Patterns of distribution, speciation and vicariance biogeography of southeastern Australian amphibians. In: The Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. (Eds: Grigg, G.C., Shine, R. and Ehmann, H.) Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd, Sydney, 91-97.
,
The Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles
(pg. 91
-97
) Webb, C.E. 1994. Does predation by Gambusia holbrooki (Atheriniformes: Poeciliidae) contribute to declining frog populations? Bachelor of Science (Honours) Thesis, Macquarie University: Sydney. 77 p.
Webb, C. and Joss, J. 1997. Does predation by the fish Gambusia holbrooki (Atheriniformes: Poeciliidae) contribute to declining frog populations? Australian Zoologist 30, 316-323.
Does predation by the fish Gambusia holbrooki (Atheriniformes: Poeciliidae) contribute to declining frog populations?
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 316
-323
) Webber, P. 1995. Frogs of the Walcha/Nundle and Styx River Management Areas. Northern Region State Forests of New South Wales. Walcha/Nundle and Styx River Management Areas EIS. Supporting Document No. 1A. Prepared for State Forests of NSW: Sydney.
Wellington, R. 1995a. Green and Golden Bell Frog. Fax Sheet. Rumbalara Field Studies Centre. Series 3 No. 1.
Wellington, R. 1995b. Olympic Frog! Environmental Fax Sheet. Compiled by Rumbalara Field Studies Centre. Number 17.
Wellington, R. and Wells, R. 1994. Herpetofaunal Survey of the Ravensworth State Forest area for the proposed extension of the Mount Owen Coal Project, Hebden, New South Wales. Report prepared for Resource Planning Pty Ltd and included with FIS for proposed extension of Mount Owen colliery.
Wells, R.W. and Wellington, C.R. 1985. A synopsis of the amphibia and reptilia of New Zealand. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1, 62-64.
A synopsis of the amphibia and reptilia of New Zealand
, Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series
, vol. 1
(pg. 62
-64
) White, A.W. 1993. Fauna Impact Statement. Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea, proposed development site Roberts Road, Greenacre. Prepared for Finemore?s.
White, A.W. 1995a. The Green and Golden Bell Frog. Frog Facts 5: 1-4.
The Green and Golden Bell Frog
, Frog Facts
, vol. 5
(pg. 1
-4
) White, A.W. 1995b. Green and Golden Bell Frog Captive Breeding and Relocation Project Sir Joseph Banks Park, Botany. Prepared for Meriton Pty Ltd.
White, A.W. 1996. Green and Golden Bell Frogs. Marsh Street Wetland, Arncliffe, NSW. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.
White, A.W. 1997a. Conservation Strategy. Strategy for compensatory habitat, monitoring and long-term maintenance of the Marsh Street wetlands, Arncliffe. Prepared for NSW Roads and Traffic Authority.
White, A.W. 1997b. Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea. In: Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation. (Ed: Ehmann, H.) Frog and Tadpole Study Group of NSW, Sydney, 148-155.
,
Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation
(pg. 148
-155
) White, A.W. 1998. Management plan. Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea. Marsh and Eve Street wetland, Arncliff. Prepared for NSW Roads and Traffic Authority.
White, A.W. 2001. Using the Mouth Almighty to Eradicate Gambusia from Temperate Ponds. Rivus Newsletter Jan-Feb 2001, 9-10.
White, A.W. and Ehmann, H. 1997a. New England Bell Frog, Litoria castanea/flavipunctata. In: Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation. (Ed: Ehmann, H) Frog and Tadpole Study Group of NSW, Sydney, 165-170.
,
Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation
(pg. 165
-170
) White, A.W. and Ehmann, H. 1997b. Southern Highland Bell Frog. In: Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation. (Ed: Ehmann, H) Frog and Tadpole Study Group of NSW, Sydney, 171-176.
,
Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation
(pg. 171
-176
) White, A.W. and Pyke, G.H. 1996. Distribution and conservation status of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea. Australian Zoologist 30, 177-189.
Distribution and conservation status of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 30
(pg. 177
-189
) White, A.W. and Pyke, G.H. 1999. Past distribution of the Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria castanea in the Bathurst-Orange District of New South Wales. Herpetofauna 29,1-9.
Past distribution of the Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria castanea in the Bathurst-Orange District of New South Wales
, Herpetofauna
, vol. 29
(pg. 1
-9
) Woodward-Clyde 1996. Environmental Impact Statement. Cronulla sewage treatment plant upgrade. Appendices A-J. Prepared for Sydney Water Corporation.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1999. 1994 IUCN Red List Categories.
Wright, P. 1996. Frog haven. Habitat 24 No. 3, 8-9.
Zweifel, R.G. 1992. Frogs and Toads. In: Reptiles & Amphibians. (Eds: Cogger, H.G. and Zweifel, R.G.) Smithmark Publishers, New York.
,
Reptiles & Amphibians
