G. rostratus the Murray Jollytail bred in earthen ponds at the Inland Fisheries Research Station, Narrandera, NSW, when surface and bottom water temperatures were above 10.5oC during August and September. Flooding was unnecessary but there was water flow through the pond. Eggs were demersal, transparent, spherical, telolecithal and slightly adhesive; possessed a cluster of oil globules; varied from 1.35mm to 1.66mm in diameter; and appeared to be scattered randomly on the pond bottom during spawning. Eggs hatched after 8½ to 9½ days. The length of recently-hatched larvae ranged from 5.7mm to 8.1mm. The pro-larval stage terminated at around 5days after hatching. Water temperatures varied between 13.8 and 20.0oC during development. The largest adults collected were 15.0cm and weighed 22.5gm. Marked colour differences between the sexes were not obvious, but sex could be determined by the appearance of gonads through the transparent window anterior to the vent close to the breeding season. Fecundity of the females varied from 2300 eggs at 86mm body length and 4.7gm body weight to 7000 eggs at 136mm length and 19gm weight. The gonosomatic index rose to 40.0 and 31.2 in females and males respectively prior to breeding. The breeding and larvae of G. rostratus are compared to other Australian mainland Galaxiidae, and other freshwater fish larvae of inland NSW.
Backhouse, G.N. and Vanner, R.W. 1978. Observations on the biology of the dwarf galaxiid, Galaxiealla pusilla (Mack) (Pisces : Galaxiidae). Victorian Naturalist. 95: 128-132.
,
Observations on the biology of the dwarf galaxiid, Galaxiealla pusilla (Mack) (Pisces : Galaxiidae)
, Victorian Naturalist
, vol. 95
(pg. 128
-132
) Belsare, D.K. 1962. Seasonal changes in the ovary of Ophicephalus punctatus Block. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 9 (1):140-56.
,
Seasonal changes in the ovary of Ophicephalus punctatus Block
, Indian Journal of Fisheries
, vol. 9
(pg. 140
-56
) Cadwallader, P.L. 1979. Distribution of native and introduced fish in the Severn Creeks River system Victoria. Australian Journal of Ecology. 4:361-385.
,
Distribution of native and introduced fish in the Severn Creeks River system Victoria
, Australian Journal of Ecology
, vol. 4
(pg. 361
-385
) Cadwallader, P.L. and Backhouse, G.N. 1983.A guide to the freshwater fishes of Victoria. Government Printer: Melbourne. 249p.
,
A guide to the freshwater fishes of Victoria
Chessman, B.C. 1971.Studies of Victorian salt lake fishes, with special reference to Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns) 1842 (Pisces : Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae). B.Sc. (Hons) thesis. Monash University, Clayton, Victoria.
Chessman, B.C. and Williams, W.D. 1974. Distribution of fish in inland saline waters in Victoria. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Reseach. 25: 167-172.
,
Distribution of fish in inland saline waters in Victoria
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Reseach
, vol. 25
(pg. 167
-172
) Devillers, C. 1961. Structural and dynamic aspects of the development of the teleostean egg. Advances in Morphogenesis. 1 (Ch 9): 379-428.
,
Structural and dynamic aspects of the development of the teleostean egg
, Advances in Morphogenesis
, vol. 1
(pg. 379
-428
) Duffy, C.A.J. 1996. Pre-spawning mortality of koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) in Apias Creek, north-east Ruahine Range, North Island, New Zealsnd. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 30(3):403-405.
,
Pre-spawning mortality of koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) in Apias Creek, north-east Ruahine Range, North Island, New Zealsnd
, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 30
(pg. 403
-405
) Edsal, A.T. 1970. The effects of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae. Transactions of American Fisheries Society. 99:376-80.
,
The effects of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae
, Transactions of American Fisheries Society
, vol. 99
(pg. 376
-80
) EPBC Act. 1999. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.1999. Environment Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. Canberra.
Fletcher, A.R. 1979.Affects of Salmo trutta on Galaxias olidus and macroinvertebrates in stream communities. M. Sc. Thesis. Zoology Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 179pp.
Frankenberg, R.S. 1969.Studies on the evolution of galaxiid fishes with particular reference to the Australian fauna. Ph.D. Thesis. Zoology Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria.
Fulton, W. 1986. The Tasmanian mudfish Galaxias cleaveri Scott. Fishes of Sahul 4(1):150-151.
,
The Tasmanian mudfish Galaxias cleaveri Scott
, Fishes of Sahul
, vol. 4
(pg. 150
-151
) Hubbs, C.L. 1943. Terminology of early stages of fishes. Copeia 1943 (4):260.
,
Terminology of early stages of fishes
, Copeia 1943
pg. 260
Hume, D.J., Fletcher, A.R. and Morison, A.K. 1983.Carp Program. Annual report 1981/82. Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Victoria, Carp Program Publication No. 9:93p.
Humphries, P. 1986. Observations on the ecology of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae) in Diamond Creek, Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 98:133-137.
,
Observations on the ecology of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae) in Diamond Creek, Victoria
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
, vol. 98
(pg. 133
-137
) Humphries, P. 1987.Life history strategies of diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes in Tasmania. M.Sc. thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart.
Jackson, P. 1993. Australian threatened fishes -1993 Supplement. Australian Society of Fish Biology Newsletter. 23(2):22-26.
,
Australian threatened fishes -1993 Supplement
, Australian Society of Fish Biology Newsletter
, vol. 23
(pg. 22
-26
) Koehn, J.D. and O’Connor. W.G. 1990.Biological information for management of native freshwater fish of Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment, Freshwater Fish management Branch. Government Printer, Melbourne.
,
Biological information for management of native freshwater fish of Victoria
Konstantinov, K. G. 1957. A comparative analysis of the morphology and biology of the perch (Perca fluviatilis), the European pike perch (Lucioperca lucioperca), and the Volga pike perch (Lucioperca volgensis) at different stages of development. Trudy Institute Morf. Zhivot. 16:181-202 (in Russian).
,
A comparative analysis of the morphology and biology of the perch (Perca fluviatilis), the European pike perch (Lucioperca lucioperca), and the Volga pike perch (Lucioperca volgensis) at different stages of development
, Trudy Institute Morf. Zhivot.
, vol. 16
(pg. 181
-202
) Kuntz A. and Radcliffe, L. 1915. Notes on the embryology and larval development of twelve teleostean fishes. Bulletin of Bureau of Fisheries, Washington. 35:89-134.
,
Notes on the embryology and larval development of twelve teleostean fishes
, Bulletin of Bureau of Fisheries, Washington
, vol. 35
(pg. 89
-134
) Lagler, K.F. 1956.Freshwater Fishery Biology. Brown, Dubuque.
,
Freshwater Fishery Biology
Lagler, K.F., Bardach, J.E. and Miller, R.R. 1967.Ichthyology. John Wiley New York.
,
Ichthyology
Lake, J.S. 1967a. Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes, I. Inducement to spawning. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 18:137-53.
,
Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes, I. Inducement to spawning
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 18
(pg. 137
-53
) Lake, J.S. 1967b. Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes, II. Morphogenesis and ontogeny. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 18:155-73.
,
Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes, II. Morphogenesis and ontogeny
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 18
(pg. 155
-73
) Llewellyn, L.C. 1968. Tagging gives answers to fish growth queries. The Fisherman. Journal of State Fisheries of New South Wales. Winter 1968. p. 1-5.
Llewellyn, L.C. 1971. Breeding studies on the freshwater forage fish of the Murray-Darling river system. The Fisherman, Journal of State Fisheries of New South Wales. 3 (13):1-12.
,
Breeding studies on the freshwater forage fish of the Murray-Darling river system
, The Fisherman, Journal of State Fisheries of New South Wales
, vol. 3
(pg. 1
-12
) Llewellyn, L.C. 1973. Spawning, development and temperature tolerance of the spangled perch, Madigania unicolor (Gunther), from inland waters in Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 24:73-94.
,
Spawning, development and temperature tolerance of the spangled perch, Madigania unicolor (Gunther), from inland waters in Australia
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 24
(pg. 73
-94
) Llewellyn, L.C. 1974. Spawning, development and distribution of the Southern Pigmy Perch Nannoperca australis australis Gunther from inland waters in eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 25:121-49.
,
Spawning, development and distribution of the Southern Pigmy Perch Nannoperca australis australis Gunther from inland waters in eastern Australia
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 25
(pg. 121
-49
) Llewellyn , L.C. 1977.Temperature and river height data for sixteen inland rivers of NSW. 1963 - 1976. New South Wales State Fisheries. Sydney.
,
Temperature and river height data for sixteen inland rivers of NSW. 1963 - 1976
Llewellyn, L.C. 1979. Some observations of the spawning and development of the Mitchellian Freshwater Hardyead Craterocephalus fluviatilis McCulloch from inland waters of NSW. Australian Zoologist. 20(2):269-288.
,
Some observations of the spawning and development of the Mitchellian Freshwater Hardyead Craterocephalus fluviatilis McCulloch from inland waters of NSW
, Australian Zoologist
, vol. 20
(pg. 269
-288
) Llewellyn, L.C. (1983). The distribution of fish in New South Wales. Austraslian Society for Limnology. Special Publication. No. 7. 23pp.
Mackay, N.J. 1973. Histological changes in the ovaries of the Golden Perch (Plectroplites ambiguus) associated with the reproductive cycle. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 24:95-101.
,
Histological changes in the ovaries of the Golden Perch (Plectroplites ambiguus) associated with the reproductive cycle
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 24
(pg. 95
-101
) Manner, H.W. 1964.Elements of comparative vertebrate embryology. (The Macmillan Company: New York).
,
Elements of comparative vertebrate embryology
Marshall, J. 1989.Galaxias olidus in southern Queensland. Fishes of Sahul 5:223-225.
,
Galaxias olidus in southern Queensland
, Fishes of Sahul
, vol. 5
(pg. 223
-225
) May, E.B. and Gasaway, C.R. 1967. A preliminary key to the identification of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular reference to Canton Reservoir including a selected bibliography. Bulletin of Oklahoma Fisheries Research Laboratory No. 5, Contribution (164): 1-42.
,
A preliminary key to the identification of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular reference to Canton Reservoir including a selected bibliography
, Bulletin of Oklahoma Fisheries Research Laboratory
(pg. 1
-42
) McDowall, R.M. 1968.Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), the New Zealand whitebait. New Zealand Marine Department Fisheries Research Division. Fisheries Research Bulletin. New Series 2:1-84.
McDowall, R.M 1980 Family Galaxiidae. Galaxiids. In: McDowall R.M. (ed.). Freshwater fishes of south eastern Australia. Reed Books Chatswood NSW. pp 55-69.
,
Freshwater fishes of south eastern Australia
(pg. 55
-69
) McDowall, R.M. and Frankenberg, R.S. 1981. The galaxiid fishes of Australia (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae). Records of Australian Museum. 33 (10):443-605.
,
The galaxiid fishes of Australia (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae)
, Records of Australian Museum
, vol. 33
(pg. 443
-605
) McDowall, R.M. and Fulton, W. 1996. Family Galaxiidae. Galaxiids. In: McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater fishes of south eastern Australia. Reed, Sydney. pp52-77.
,
Freshwater fishes of south eastern Australia
(pg. 52
-77
) Milward, N. 1965. Development of the eggs and early larvae of the Australian smelt, Retropinna semoni (Weber). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N.S.W. 90(2):218-21.
,
Development of the eggs and early larvae of the Australian smelt, Retropinna semoni (Weber)
, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N.S.W.
, vol. 90
(pg. 218
-21
) Morris, S.A., Pollard, D.A., Gehrke, P.C. and Pogonoski, J.J. 2001. Threatened and potentially threatened freshwater fishes of coastal New South Wales and the Murray Darling Basin. NSW Fisheries Final Report Series No. 33.
Needham, J. 1942.Biochemistry and Morphogenesis. p. 787. Cambridge University Press: London and New York.
,
Biochemistry and Morphogenesis
pg. 787
New South Wales Fisheries. 1978. Welcome Reef Project Environmental Study. Aquatic Life. Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board: Sydney.
NSW Fisheries. 2003. What is currently listed? http://fishfiles.fisheries.nsw.gov.au http://fishfiles.fisheries.nsw.gov.au
Piavis, G.W. 1961. Embryological stages in the sea lamprey and effects of temperature on development. Fishery Bulletin, Fisheries Wildlife Service U.S. 61:111-45.
,
Embryological stages in the sea lamprey and effects of temperature on development
, Fishery Bulletin, Fisheries Wildlife Service U.S.
, vol. 61
(pg. 111
-45
) Pollard, D.A. 1971. The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns) 1. Life cycle and origin. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 22:91-123.
,
The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns) 1. Life cycle and origin
, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
, vol. 22
(pg. 91
-123
) Rowland, S.J. 1992. Diet and feeding of Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) larvae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 113(3):1992.
,
Diet and feeding of Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) larvae
, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
, vol. 113
pg. 1992
TSC Act 1995.Threatened Species Conservation Act No.101 (1995). NSW Government Information Service, Sydney.
Toetz, D.W. 1966. The change from endogenous to exogenous sources of energy in bluegill sunfish larvae. Invest. Indiana Lakes Streams 7:(4):115-145.
,
The change from endogenous to exogenous sources of energy in bluegill sunfish larvae
, Invest. Indiana Lakes Streams
, vol. 7
(pg. 115
-145
) Wager, R. and Jackson, P. 1993.The action plan for Australian freshwater fish. Australian Nature Conservation Agency. Endangered Species Program. Project Number 147.
Williams, D.M. 1975.Aspects of the ecology of three sympatric Galaxias spp. in an Otway stream. B.Sc. (Hons.) thesis. Zoology Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria.
This content is only available as a PDF.
