Summer population estimates of shorebirds in the Tweed River Estuary are summarised for the period 1987 to 2003. Data from various sources were reviewed to determine their suitability for inclusion in the summary. The results show a significant decline in the total population of migratory shorebirds, with declines recorded for Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugenea and Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva. No evidence of a decline in the population of resident shorebirds was recorded.The population of Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris increased over the sample period. The specific reason for the decline in the population of migratory shorebirds is unclear and could be due to a combination of local and international factors. Local factors may include the loss of nocturnal habitat, the declining quality of high tide roosts or increased levels of human disturbance around roosts. Actions to reduce further declines are discussed.

Alcorn, M., Alcorn, R. & Fleming, M. 1994. Wader movements in Australia. RAOU Report No. 94. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. Melbourne.
,
Wader movements in Australia
Bamford, M., Watkins, D., Bancroft, W., Tischler, G., Wahl, J.. In Prep. Migratory Shorebirds of the East Asian Australasian Flyway - Population Estimates and Important Sites. Wetlands International Oceania, Canberra Australia. Wetlands International Global Series and International Wader Studies.
Buick, A. M. & Paton, D. C. 1989. Impact of off-road vehicles on the nesting success of hooded plovers Charadrius rubricollis in the Coorong region of South Australia. Emu 89: 159-172.
,
Impact of off-road vehicles on the nesting success of hooded plovers Charadrius rubricollis in the Coorong region of South Australia
,
Emu
, vol.
89
(pg.
159
-
172
)
DPWS 1991a. Reviving the Tweed - Feasibility Study: technical summaries - ecological environment report no. 2.3. Report prepared by NSW Public Works for the Tweed Estuary Management Committee.
DPWS 1991b. River Management Plan - Lower Tweed Estuary: Ecological Assessment Technical Report No. 1. Report prepared by NSW Public Works for the Tweed Estuary Management Committee.
Gosbell, K., Collins, P, & Christie, M. 2002. Wader surveys in the Coorong and coastal lakes of southeastern South Australia during February 2002. Stilt 42: 10-29.
,
Wader surveys in the Coorong and coastal lakes of southeastern South Australia during February 2002
,
Stilt
, vol.
42
(pg.
10
-
29
)
Lane, B. 1987. Shorebirds in Australia. Thomas Nelson, Melbourne.
,
Shorebirds in Australia
Lawler, W. 1994. Shorebird Counts on New South Wales North Coast Estuaries. Environmental survey and research branch, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Lewis, B. D. 2003. Proposed runway extension: impact assessment on avifauna. Report prepared for Gold Coast Airports Limited by Lewis Ecological Surveys.
Marchant, S & Higgins, P. J. (eds) 1993. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
,
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings
Milton, D., Minton, C. D. T. & Gosbell, K. 2005. Are populations of migratory shorebirds in the East Asian Australasian Flyway at risk of decline? pages 153-158 in Status and Conservation of Shorebirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, Proceedings of the Australasian Shorebirds Conference, Ed P Straw, Wetlands International Global Series 18, International Wader Studies 17, Sydney, Australia.
Minton, C., Jessop, R., Collins, P. & Hassell, C. 2002. Year 2001 arctic breeding success, as measured by the percentage of first year birds in wader populations in Australia in the 2001/2002 Austral summer. Stilt 42: 32-36.
,
Year 2001 arctic breeding success, as measured by the percentage of first year birds in wader populations in Australia in the 2001/2002 Austral summer
,
Stilt
, vol.
42
Minton, C., Jessop, R., Collins, P. & Gosbell, K. 2005. Monitoring shorebird breeding productivity by the percentage of first year birds in populations in S.E. Australian non-breeding areas, pages 73-85 in Status and Conservation of Shorebirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, Proceedings of the Australasian Shorebirds Conference, Ed P. Straw, Wetlands International Global Series 18, International Wader Studies 17, Sydney, Australia.
Martindale, J. 1987. A Study of Estuarine Birds in The Lower Tweed River Estuary. Unpublished report for the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.
NPWS 1995. Vertebrates of Upper North East NSW. A study by the NSW NPWS for the Natural Resource Audit Council, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Pfister, C., Harrington, B. A. & Lavine, M. 1992. The impact of human disturbance on shorebirds at a migration staging area. Biological Conservation 60: 115-126.
,
The impact of human disturbance on shorebirds at a migration staging area
,
Biological Conservation
, vol.
60
(pg.
115
-
126
)
Reid, T. & Park, P. 2003. Continuing decline of Eastern Curlew, Numenius madagascariensis, in Tasmania. Emu 103: 279-283.
,
Continuing decline of Eastern Curlew, Numenius madagascariensis, in Tasmania
,
Emu
, vol.
103
(pg.
279
-
283
)
Rohweder, D. A. 2000. Day-Night Habitat Use by Five Species of Migratory Shorebird in the Richmond River Estuary, Northern NSW, Australia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Southern Cross University.
Rohweder, D. 2003. Monitoring Estuarine Birds in the Tweed River Estuary 1997 - 2002: Summary Report. Unpublished report prepared by Sandpiper Ecological Surveys for the Tweed River Management Committee.
Straw, P. 1999. Hunter River Estuary Wader Habitat Investigation. Report to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Smith, P. 1991. The Biology and Management of Waders (Suborder Charadrii) in NSW. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Watkins, D. 1993. A National Plan for Shorebird Conservation in Australia. Australasian Wader Studies Group, Royal Australian Ornithologists Union and World Wide Fund for Nature. RAOU Report No. 90.
Watson, A. 1988. Dotterel Charadrius morinellus numbers in relation to human impact in Scotland. Biological Conservation 43: 245-256.
,
Dotterel Charadrius morinellus numbers in relation to human impact in Scotland
,
Biological Conservation
, vol.
43
(pg.
245
-
256
)
WBM 1996. Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project Bird Monitoring Program. Unpublished report prepared for the NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation.
Wilson, J. R. 2001a. Wader surveys in the Coorong, South Australia in January and February 2001. Stilt 40: 38-54.
,
Wader surveys in the Coorong, South Australia in January and February 2001
,
Stilt
, vol.
40
(pg.
38
-
54
)
Wilson, J. R. 2001b. The January and February 2001 Victoria wader count. Silt 40: 55-63.
,
The January and February 2001 Victoria wader count
,
Silt
, vol.
40
(pg.
55
-
63
)
This content is only available as a PDF.