Captive bred Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea tadpoles were introduced to a coastal wetland near Pambula on the far south coast of New South Wales. The reintroduction involved the release of approximately 5000 captive-bred tadpoles and subsequent monitoring. Before the reintroduction could take place several requirements had to be satisfied. A re-introduction proposal was prepared for the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) and independently reviewed by two referees, pre-release surveys of frogs were undertaken to determine if L. aurea existed on the site and to ascertain if the pathogen Bactrachochytrium dendrobatiodis (chytrid) was present within the endemic frog population. The captive bred tadpoles were tested for the presence of chytrid prior to release. The water quality was tested at the proposed release site and potential predators were removed. The project required maintenance and breeding of the captive population, and post release surveys. The project took 4.5 years from submission of the proposal to the first release of tadpoles and to date has cost approximately $190K, of which only $37K was funded. It is anticipated that ongoing costs will be in the order of $25K per year for the next four years (2007-11). Details of the project costs and chronology of actions are given in order to assist others who wish to undertake similar projects. So far two adults have been detected 13 months post-release.
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Gaia Research 2002. Population assessment of the green and golden bell frog at the Sussex Inlet sewerage treatment plant. Report prepared for Shoalhaven Water.
Gillespie, G. 1996. Distribution, habitat and conservation status of the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea (Lesson 1829) (Anura: Hylidae) in Victoria. Australian Zoologist 30: 199-207.
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) Goldingay, R.L. and Newell, D.A., 2005. Aspects of the populations ecology of the Green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea at the northern end of its range. Australian Zoologist 33: 49-59.
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) Greer, A. 1996. Why Green and Golden Bell Frogs Litoria aurea should not be translocated - a personal opinion. Australian Zoologist 30: 257-8.
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) Hunter, D., Pietsch, R. and Marantelli, G. 2006. Recovery actions for the southern and northern Corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree and Pseudophryne pengilleyi). Annual report and recommendations. Unpublished report prepared by the Department of Environment and Conservation to the Corroboree Frog Recovery Team.
Hyatt, A.D., Boyle, D.G., Olsen, V., Berger, L. and 10 others 2007. Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Diseases in Aquatic Organisms 73: 175-192.
Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of
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) Kriger, K.M. and Hero. J.-M. 2006. Large-scale seasonal variation in the prevalence and severity of chytridiomycosis. Journal of Zoology 271: 352-359.
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) Kriger, K.M., Hines, H., Hyatt, A.D., Boyle, D.G and Hero. J.-M. 2006. Techniques for detecting chytridiomycosis in wild frogs: comparing histology with real-time Taqman PCR. Diseases in Aquatic Organisms 71: 141-148.
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) Mahony, M. 2001. A proposal for rehabilitation of freshwater habitat to enhance the persistence of the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) on Kooragang Island. Draft report presented to the Kooragang Island Wetland rehabilitation Project (Hunter Catchment Trust) pp 1-7.
Morgan, L.A. and Buttemer, W.A. 1996. Predation by the non-native fish Gambusia holbrooki on small Litoria aurea and Litoria dentata tadpoles. Australian Zoologist 30: 143-149.
Predation by the non-native fish Gambusia holbrooki on small Litoria aurea and Litoria dentata tadpoles
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) Penman, T.D., Muir, G.W., Magarey, E.R. and Burns, E.J. 2008. Impact of a chytrid-related mortality event on a population of the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea. Australian Zoologist 34: 314-318.
Impact of a chytrid-related mortality event on a population of the Green and Golden Bell Frog
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) Pyke, G.H., Rowley, J., Shoulder, J. and White, A.W. 2008. Attempted Introduction of the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog to Long Reef Golf Course: A step towards recovery? Australian Zoologist 34: 361-372.
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) Pyke, G.H. and White, A.W. 2001. A review of the biology of the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea. Australian Zoologist 31: 563-598.
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) Pyke, G.H., White, A.W., Bishop, P.J. and Waldman, B. 2002. Habitat-use by the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea in Australia and New Zealand. Australian Zoologist 32: 12-.31.
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) Semlitsch, R.D. 2002. Critical elements for biologically based recovery plans for aquatic-breeding amphibians. Conservation Biology 16: 619-629.
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