Abstract
This study examines the global trade dynamics of Testudo tortoises from 2006 to 2021, using data from the CITES database, and compares it to a prior study between 1975 to 2005. The analysis covers trade volumes, patterns, and sources, highlighting discrepancies in reported figures and the impact of illegal trade. Over this period, 125 countries imported and 97 countries exported Testudo species, with the majority of transactions involving Testudo hermanni, Testudo horsfieldii, and Testudo graeca. The United States emerged as the largest importer, and Germany was the leading exporter. A significant portion of the trade involved live tortoises for the pet industry, with captive-bred sources surpassing wild-caught specimens in later years. However, discrepancies between declared imports and exports suggest ongoing challenges in trade regulation. Statistical analysis indicated varying trends among species, with a noticeable decline in the T. horsfieldii trade after 2017. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced regulatory enforcement and consumer awareness to mitigate illegal trade and promote sustainable practices. It also calls for continued international cooperation to address the socioeconomic drivers of wildlife trafficking. The findings aim to inform policy interventions and conservation strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability and welfare of Testudo populations.
