Assembled here is a reasonably complete list of annotated codes for historical and modern natural history collections associated with lost and extant specimens of fossil and Recent fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. A total of 3,845 codes are anchored to about 2,064 distinct collections and/or institutions in 155 countries. At least 633 of those collections are exclusively paleontological or include fossil specimens. The list is primarily derived from the scientific literature and may serve as a resource for plainly citing specimens in publications and for linking such citations to records in online databases.
WELL-curated natural history specimens physically document the distribution of living organisms in space and time. They are essential for taxa to be fully conceived, formally named, and firmly supported or refuted from one generation to the next. As such, they secure taxonomy to the scientific method by allowing one to iteratively test and refine hypotheses of phylogenetic relatedness.
Thus, it is no surprise that taxonomists and museum staff devote a significant part of their career to collecting, curating, and carefully documenting natural history specimens and their custodial institutions (e.g., Pietsch and Anderson, 1997; Del Moral-Flores et al., 2016; Beck, 2018; Beck and Joger, 2018). As a result, we know the oldest museum specimens of amphibians and reptiles are attributable to the Italian polymath Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) and remain preserved in the Palazzo Poggi Museum in Bologna (Bauer et al., 2013). The holotype of Atlantochelys mortoni, a giant Cretaceous sea turtle, is not limited to the proximal half of the right humerus (ANSP 9234) described by Louis Agassiz in 1849, but includes the distal half (NJSM GP23363) unearthed as much as two centuries later (Parris et al., 2014). And, Dr. William Alexander Hammond did not collect the holotype of Edward Drinker Cope's Salmo stomias during the U.S. Army expedition from Fort Riley, Kansas, to Fort Bridger, Wyoming in 1857 (as was commonly held for over 150 years), but during his station near Santa Fe, New Mexico from 1849–1852, rendering Cope's species a junior synonym of Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (Girard, 1856) and the Greenback Cutthroat Trout native to the South Platte River, Colorado, scientifically nameless (Metcalf et al., 2012; Sabaj, 2013).
The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive, but by no means exhaustive, list of annotated codes associated with natural history specimens of fossil and Recent fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. This list is intended to tie together the long and sometimes complex history of applying codes to such specimens, and to serve as a resource for plainly citing such specimens in publications and online databases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current list was seeded in 2010 with codes from three sources: Leviton et al. (1985), Leviton and Gibbs (1988), and the online Guide to Fish Collections in the Catalog of Fishes (Fricke and Eschmeyer, 2010). The first version of the list (v1) was made available online via the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) website on 5 October 2010. It was replaced with revised versions on 8 November 2010 (v2), 23 February 2012 (v3), 28 June 2013 (v4), 22 September 2014 (v5), 16 August 2016 (v6.5), and 1 April 2019 (v7.1). Over that time, the list was significantly expanded and improved via personal communications with the collections community and the incorporation of other extensive lists available for fishes (e.g., Poss and Collette, 1995), amphibians (Frost, 2020), and reptiles (Wallach et al., 2014). Other important sources included catalogs of types specimens (e.g., Gilbert, 1998; Böhme, 2010) and natural history collections themselves (e.g., Roselaar, 2003; Del Moral-Flores et al., 2016; Beck, 2018; Beck and Joger, 2018). Publications were accessed via the Biodiversity Heritage Library, ResearchGate, and other freely available online sources. Efforts were made to coordinate the current list with additional databases that include or manage data on natural history specimens, such as The Reptile Database (Uetz et al., 2020), VertNet, and Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio). Unlike the lists assembled by Leviton et al. (1985) and Leviton and Gibbs (1988), the current one benefitted immeasurably from email, the internet, and the Google search engine.
The codes are divided among two lists: Appendix 1 and a Supplemental Appendix (see Data Accessibility). Appendix 1 lists 2,064 commonly used or otherwise preferred institution codes sorted first by country, then state (or close equivalent), then alphabetically by code. The code prioritized here serves to anchor information relevant to its origin and application, as well as synonymous codes. When multiple codes have been used to cite specimens at a particular institution, priority generally was given to the one 1) confirmed via personal correspondences with institutional staff or otherwise knowledgeable colleagues, 2) cited in type catalogs published by institutional staff, 3) cited in other publications co-authored by institutional staff, 4) cited by outside authors with a preference towards younger and taxonomically oriented publications. Thus, the current list focuses on codes as they appear in published papers. Those may differ from codes used to database specimens in a particular collection, aggregate specimen records across collections, or link specimen records to other databases.
Not all institutions were contacted and not all type catalogs were consulted for the current list, but such efforts were made for large institutions with complex histories and numerous synonyms. Codes cited for privately held collections are included. Leviton et al. (1985) deliberately omitted private collections to avoid any sign of legitimation. Private collections appear in the current list merely for completeness, and their inclusion here should not be mistaken for encouragement or legitimacy. The current list also includes a number of historically important, but defunct collections.
Each institution code in Appendix 1 is followed by the full name of the institution and city. Many entries include various annotations in this order:
Also known as.—Alternative name currently in use for institution.
Formerly.—Names historically associated with institution.
Includes.—Collections/specimens incorporated into institution from other sources.
Note.—Comments on the institution and its collections including date of establishment, history, institutional affiliations and related collections, and current status when known.
In error as.—Code(s) wrongly attributed to institution in print publications.
Obsolete as.—Codes discouraged from use based on their association with former institutional names or on explicit correspondence with institutional staff (not included are codes associated with a former institutional name, but explicitly retained by staff for consistency).
Current as.—Code most commonly (or recently) associated with institution or otherwise explicitly codified by institutional staff; replaced by Assigned here for a collection cited in the literature without a code, and thereby receiving a tentative code in this paper.
Also as.—Other codes currently used for institution.
See also.—Closely associated collections often held by the same institution, but administered separately (e.g., fossils in “Museum of Geology” vs. Recent specimens in “Museum of Zoology”).
The second list, the Supplemental Appendix (see Data Accessibility), is an alphabetical index of all 3,845 codes found during the current search. As such, it highlights cases where the same code has been applied to different institutions. The Supplemental Appendix provides extra columns that include the sources for each code, a bibliography of those sources (1,816 total), and a list of 331 personal correspondents from 2006 to present.
RESULTS
Codes for natural history collections are conceived and expressed in an extraordinary number of ways (Table 1). Codes are generally derived from one or a combination of sources including: specimen preparation (e.g., fossil vs. Recent), collector (for privately held specimens), collection, institution, meta-institution, para-institution, former institution, taxonomic group, and geology (e.g., fossils). The code or combination of codes is generally followed by a catalog number unique to the particular collection. In print publications, the code(s) and catalog number may be confluent or variably set apart by a space or punctuations (e.g., period, dash, slash, etc.).
That said, most codes have two components, an institution code and a collection code, that may or may not be confluent. For example, collections at the University of Kansas (KU) Biodiversity Institute are now cited as KUH (herps), KUI (fishes), KUIT (fish tissues), and KUVP (vertebrate fossils). Specimens at the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet are divided between the Department of Zoology (NRM) and Department of Paleontology (NRM-PZ), and the latter is subdivided by taxonomic codes into NRM-PZ C (fossil Cyclostomata), NRM-PZ P (fossil Pisces), NRM-PZ B (fossil Batrachia), and NRM-PZ R (fossil Reptilia; S. Kullander, pers. comm., 2010; E. Åhlander, pers. comm., 2020).
A single institution does not always employ the same institution code for all constituent collections, especially for fossil vs. Recent specimens. Hence, the University of California, Berkeley, uses MVZ for the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and UCMP for the Museum of Paleontology. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia employs ANSP for specimens in the zoological collections and diatom herbarium, but PH (Philadelphia Herbarium) for botanical specimens. Institution codes also may differ between modern and historical collections extant within a single institution. Hence, MRSN applies to modern collections at the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, whereas MACUT and MZUT are used for Università di Torino historical collections associated with Museo di Anatomia Comparata and Museo di Zoologia, respectively (Andreone and Gavetti, 2010).
Alternatively, the institution code may be annotated to distinguish modern from historical collections. Hence, collections at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg may be cited as MLUH for modern specimens or MLUH (IZH) for historical specimens associated with its predecessor, Institut für Zoologie, Halle (F. Steinheimer, pers. comm., 2018). Annotated institution codes also may be used to distinguish native holdings from those received from external sources (i.e., other institutions or private collectors). Hence, specimens from the historical collection of Stanford University (SU) now housed at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) may be cited as SU (institution code) or CAS-SU (annotated institution code).
Finally, some institutions are part of a more inclusive meta-institution that may or may not be expressed in the institution code. Examples of meta-institutions include the Zoological Society of India (ZSI) with ZSI-ANRC (or ZSI/ANRC) used to cite specimens in collections of the Andaman and Nicobar Regional Center, one of many different ZSI regional centers that maintain natural history collections. Another example is National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), with which collections of the I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (SIZK) and National Museum of Natural History (NMNHU) are both associated. Additional examples of meta-institutions are large universities with collections separated between the main campus and satellite campuses and/or field stations. In such cases, a collection (vs. institution) code may be used to cite specimens. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) provides a complex example. Specimens associated with the main campus in México City are cited as CNAR (herps in Colección Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles), CNPE-IBUNAM (fishes in Colección Nacional de Peces), IGM (fossils in Colección Nacional de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología), and IGM-CMR (Colección de Material Reciente del Museo de Geología). Fish specimens associated with the UNAM campus in Sisal may be cited as CIRR UMDI, Colección Ictiológica Regional de Referencia, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (Gallardo-Torres et al., 2016).
A special case of a meta-institution is the National Park Service (NPS) in the U.S. Department of the Interior. Natural history specimens collected on lands administered by the National Park Service are the property of NPS, but may be deposited on loan at non-NPS repositories that meet federal requirements. The non-NPS repository generally assigns its own institution/collection code and catalog number (e.g., ANSP 187723) with a cross-reference to the corresponding NPS collection and catalog number (e.g., NPS UPDE 2153, Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River NPS unit). In publications, both the NPS and non-NPS repository catalog numbers should be cited, as in: ANSP 187723 [NPS UPDE 2153] (Lauren Finn Hauptman, pers. comm., 2016).
Codes may change as institutions and collections are subject to various forms of rebranding, takeover, and merger (Schindel et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2018). Omitted from such scenarios are small-scale transfers between institutions. Curators have long exchanged natural history specimens, and those received are generally cited and/or cataloged using “ex,” as in ANSP 203158 (ex. ZUEC 11694). The “ex” notation also is commonly used when specimen(s) are transferred from one lot to another within a particular collection, such as ANSP 203169 (ex. 185074) for the holotype of Trachydoras gepharti cited in Sabaj and Arce (2017).
Rebranding is often associated with institutional reorganization and new affiliations, especially when new administrators measure success by renaming levels of administration. Even “trademark” codes (Schindel et al., 2016) are vulnerable. In 2011, for example, NHMUK replaced BMNH as the official code for the Natural History Museum in London (ex-British Museum of Natural History). Mergers and takeovers often accompany the demise of institutional interest in natural history collections. Large-scale transfers are generally well documented for collections of historical importance, especially in Europe, but invariably include the loss or misplacement of specimens. University collections are among the most difficult to track since colleges, departments, labs, and field stations may hold separate collections. Any university that has employed a particularly conscientious taxonomist is likely to have a natural history collection of sorts. Such collections may thrive under faculty who do collections-based research involving students (Humphrey, 1992). If a university collection, however, fails to reach a certain threshold of size and importance, they become highly vulnerable to neglect with changes in institutional priorities and staff. Many orphaned collections are adopted whole or in part by institutions with greater resources. But, some are simply shuttered and eventually discarded.
DISCUSSION
Museum and collection codes are born of catalogs, checklists, and monographs, nurtured by printed indices, and fledged via online databases. Botanists mounted the first coordinated effort to standardize such codes by establishing the Index Herbariorum in 1935 (Lanjouw and Stafleu, 1952). The Index Herbariorum is an active global registry of botanical institutions and collections, and maintains a list of 4,175 codes of which 3,324 pertain to active herbaria (Thiers, 2020). Entomologists assembled taxon-specific lists for Coleoptera (Arnett and Samuelson, 1969) and insects with an emphasis on Lepidoptera (Heppner and Lamas, 1982). Those were eventually integrated and expanded into a list of insect and spider collections of the world (Arnett et al., 1993) that is currently maintained and updated by Neal Evenhuis at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (Evenhuis, 2020). Among vertebrates, lists of codes were assembled first for collections of amphibians and reptiles (Duellman et al., 1978; Leviton et al., 1980), and later expanded to include fishes (Leviton et al., 1985) and revised (Leviton and Gibbs, 1988). The list of codes for fish collections passed through subsequent iterations via type catalogs in print (Eschmeyer, 1998; Ferraris, 2007) and online (Fricke and Eschmeyer, 2020). Though taxonomically siloed, such lists have proven invaluable for communities of biologists to efficiently locate and cite specimens in their research and publications.
The electronic capture of collections data in the late 1970s and 80s (Wiley and Peterson, 2004) and subsequent rise of the internet prompted the museum community to develop open standards for the exchange and aggregation of such data. In 1985, the Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG) was founded to address the needs for natural history specimens. Renamed Biodiversity Information Standards (with the TDWG code retained), this non-profit organization eventually released a set of standards for sharing biodiversity information (Darwin Core Task Group, 2009). The Darwin Core includes four record-level fields (or properties) for parsing data related to the specimen repository: dwc:institutionID, dwc:collectionID, dwc:institutionCode, and dwc:collectionCode. The two “ID” fields are essentially unique identifiers (e.g., LSIDs) created and used by data aggregators. The two “Code” fields are created and used by the institutions and collections that curate the specimen data. A fifth Darwin Core field, dwc:catalogNumber, serves to identify the specimen (or lot) and is presumably unique within a particular collection. Strung together, the institution code, collection code, and catalog number constitute the Darwin Core Triplet. The Darwin Core Triplet has become a de facto globally unique identifier (GUID) for specimen records despite its shortcomings as such, and the most widely deployed identifier scheme for aggregating data on specimens across natural history collections (Guralnick et al., 2014; Schindel et al., 2016).
For linking genetic sequence records to museum voucher specimens, GenBank established and maintains a BioCollections Database (Sharma et al., 2018) that appends a three-letter country code to the Darwin Core Triplet to distinguish institutions with the same code (i.e., dwc:institutionCode). The country codes are supplemented by two-letter state codes when necessary. For example, the BioCollections institution code for University of Alaska, Museum of the North is UAM vs. UAM<USA-AR> for University of Arkansas at Monticello and UAM<ESP> for Universidad Autonoma De Madrid culture collection of cyanobacteria. Although users are asked to provide information on the voucher specimen when submitting sequences to GenBank, many do not provide enough data to establish reliable links to the BioCollections Database (Sharma et al., 2018).
A variety of ongoing initiatives rely on institution and collection codes to aggregate digitized data on natural history specimens at a variety of scales (Nelson and Ellis, 2018) roughly separable into: 1) global, 2) regional, 3) taxonomic (e.g., online type catalogs), 4) fossil, 5) institutional, and 6) “niche.” The two largest initiatives are the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) established in 2001 and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) established ten years later. The latter (iDigBio) is the central coordinating unit for digitization efforts funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program (Thiers et al., 2019), and the largest U.S. network for sharing specimen data with GBIF. The U.S. Geological Survey's Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) also serves as a regional aggregator (U.S. node) for contributing records to GBIF.
More focused efforts (e.g., regional to “niche”) may capture or curate specimen records more reliably and/or include collections outside of the GBIF and iDigBio networks. Regional examples of specimen-based aggregators include the Atlas of Living Australia, Mexico's National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Brazil's speciesLink, China's National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII), and SYNTHESYS+, a newly funded project within the European Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo).
Taxonomic databases generally focus on records for type specimens and often employ the most up-to-date classification schemes. Type catalogs must contend with historical specimens cited for defunct collections, and often generate modern codes for such cases. Examples of taxonomic databases include WoRMS, the World Register of Marine Species (Horton et al., 2018), and associated World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al., 2018), the Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (MUSSELp; Graf and Cummings, 2018), Shark-references.com (Pollerspöck and Straube, 2020), Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al., 2020), Amphibian Species of the World (Frost, 2020), and the Reptile Database (Uetz et al., 2019, 2020). The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) founded by John Alroy and Charles Marshall in 2000 curates 157,370 specimen records as of 1 January 2019 with about 75–80% of those records tied to museums. At large institutions, specimen records often remain taxonomically siloed in separate databases for each collection. Noteworthy exceptions are the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris and the Smithsonian Institution's online Collections Search Center. Large institutions struggling to aggregate specimen records in situ may find it easier do so ex situ by having their collections separately contribute records to global aggregators such as GBIF and iDigBio. A variety of “niche” databases exist online with the Fishes of Mainland Southeast Asia (Kano et al., 2013) as a keen example. All of the aforementioned online databases maintain digital indices of museum and collection codes descended from earlier printed lists.
Institution and collection codes have proliferated in recent decades, due in part to the establishment of new collections in species-rich parts of the world and an increase in the number of journals and online databases that publish on biodiversity. Online registries for natural history collections exist at a variety of scales, although some have gone offline in recent years. At the national level, a noteworthy (and active) example is the Catálogo de las colecciones mexicanas (CONABIO, 2018) which includes 751 Mexican collections with holdings ranging from germplasm and bacteria to mammals and fossils. Since 2001, the Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt has maintained the Registro Único Nacional de Colecciones Biológicas (RNC), a detailed registry of biological collections in Colombia. The Zentralregister botanischer und zoologischer Forschungssammlungen (ZEFOD) once provided a wealth of online information for German natural history collections (Weber, 2018), but its web-presence, as such, has disappeared.
The Global Registry for Biodiversity Repositories (GRBio) assembled one of the largest lists of institution and collection codes (Table 2). GRBio was developed by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL, 2004–2011) to help link voucher specimens to DNA barcodes in GenBank (Schindel et al., 2016). GRBio incorporated data from CBOL, the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Index Herbariorum (IH), and the Biodiversity Collections Index (BCI, now offline). GRBio was released by CBOL in June 2013 and its management was transferred to Scientific Collections International (GRSciColl) in December 2013. In 2018, the website for GRBio/GRSciColl was hacked and went offline. The data it once managed were dumped on 29 May 2018 and remain available online at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1285615. Their abandoned list (grbio_institutions_05_29_18.csv) included 7,097 institution and collection codes. Those data have since been migrated into a newly updated Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl) hosted by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, 2018, 2019; Hobern et al., 2020). The new GRSciColl is a comprehensive, community-curated clearinghouse of data on scientific collections in natural history as well as those in other disciplines such as anthropology, archaeology, and biomedicine. GRSciColl's online registry lists 5,263 collection codes linked to 8,037 institution codes as of 19 May 2020. GBIF uses GRSciColl to help provide valuable data on the natural history collections (i.e., “publishers”) that contribute specimen records to their database (e.g., 1,985 publishers from 1,606 institutions as of 19 May 2020). iDigBio also maintains data on natural history collections contributing records to their database with 1,621 “Recordsets” (individual collections) as of 19 May 2020. For a comparison of well-established indices to institution and collection codes, see Table 2.
The standardization of codes is challenged in part by the lack of a clear ontology for the description of natural history holdings at the collection level. In 2008, the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) community drafted data standards for describing all types of natural history collections including mixed ones resulting from expeditions and voyages of discovery (NCD, 2008). This effort is currently maintained by TDWG's Collection Descriptions Interest Group, which intends to deliver a metadata standard for natural history collections in 2020 (CD, 2019; Hobern et al., 2020). Such standards are necessary to facilitate the discovery, management, and attribution of collections relative to the specimen-level records they curate and provide.
From a bioinformatics point of view, stable institution and collection codes are essential to accurately and efficiently share data on natural history specimens (Schindel et al., 2016; Hobern et al., 2020). Such codes facilitate online type catalogs, aggregators of specimen-based records, and derivative databases that link natural history specimens to genomic information (e.g., GenBank; International Barcode of Life, iBOL) and media records such as 3D images (e.g., MorphoSource). Stable codes also allow for comparative studies and surveys of collections' growth, strengths, and value to science and society (e.g., Funk, 2017; Singer et al., 2018). Future directions for the assembly and use of natural history collections in research and education, such as the Extended Specimen Network (Schindel and Cook, 2018; Lendemer et al., 2019), will need a stable index of codes and, at a finer scale, persistent identifiers for the specimens themselves to improve the interoperability of associated data (Güntsch et al., 2017). GBIF's new online global registry of scientific collections (GRSciColl) will certainly stabilize codes within the bioinformatics community. Taxonomists and systematists, however, often reference the codes in long-standing indices compiled for their particular group, or simply copy and paste a relevant subset of such indices from one paper to the next, substituting or creating new codes when needed. The current study provides context for the idiosyncratic origins, applications, and tenures of codes for natural history collections and institutions, and may help bridge the gap between those used in bioinformatics vs. the scientific literature.
Concluding remarks.—
In the early days of Linnaean taxonomy, authors were relatively casual about citing the natural history specimens from which their conclusions were drawn. Left to later taxonomists was the complicated task of divining the basis and application of old scientific names. In the early days of molecular taxonomy, authors were similarly casual about clearly citing repositories for specimen vouchers (if extant), making it difficult, if not impossible, for others to verify their work. Faunal surveys and ecological studies do not always involve the preservation of specimens, but those that do often neglect to specify repositories in published results. Linnaean taxonomists today, especially paleontologists, are far more careful about clearly citing repositories for the specimens they studied. Practices among molecular taxonomists have improved, but still fall short on too many occasions. Ecologists remain the most negligent at citing specimen repositories, inviting criticisms that the taxonomic aspects of their work are irreproducible (Bortolus, 2008; Vink et al., 2012). The current list intends to encourage those who collect or employ natural history specimens in their research to carefully document not only the origin, but the final destination of such specimens.
Closing recommendations.—
General advice for the creation and management of museum codes to promote their standardization and proper use.
Newly created or modified codes should include at least two components, an institution code and collection code. Ideally, the institution code should be listed first and globally unique among institutions holding natural history specimens. The collection code should be unique within its parent institution.
Institutions holding natural history specimens should clearly identify preferred codes for citing such specimens, especially via homepages, type catalogs, and other articles specifically related to their collections.
Published studies that use or yield natural history specimens should clearly identify the repository(ies) for such specimens either by name and physical location (preferred) or by reference to a well-established and readily available index of institution and collection codes.
Indices to institution and collection codes should include relevant sources such as personal communications with staff and primary literature (e.g., collection type catalogs).
Online databases that register institutions and collections and/or serve records or media based on natural history specimens should make their index of codes publicly available for download, especially in anticipation of going offline.
The so-called “Darwin Core Triplet” (concatenation of dwc:institutionCode, dwc:collectionCode and dwc:catalogNumber) is inadequate as a globally unique identifier. Efforts to create true globally unique identifiers for natural history collections should consider incorporating a fourth Darwin Core field, dwc:ownerInstitutionCode, to tie together collections with separate institution codes (e.g., Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Museum of Paleontology) into a larger meta-institution (University of California, Berkeley).
DATA ACCESSIBILITY
An excel file containing all abbreviations and additional information on sources (bibliography and personal correspondences) is available at: https://asih.org/standard-symbolic-codes/about-symbolic-codes. Supplemental material is available at https://www.copeiajournal.org/ASIHCODONS2020.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I express my sincerest thanks to all who responded to requests for information pertaining to the natural history collections in their care. For sharing information from particular databases and indices, special thanks to Jan K. Legind (GBIF), Shobha Sharma (NCBI), Peter Uetz (The Reptile Database), and Mark D. Uhen (PaleoDB). Effort supported in part by The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University and NSF DEB 0315963 (PI L. Page), DBI 1701714 (PI D. Blackburn), DBI 1701943 (PI M. Sabaj).
LITERATURE CITED
Associate Editor: W. L. Smith.
APPENDIX 1 Codes for natural history collections in ichthyology and herpetology. Codes are listed alphabetically by country, then state (where applicable), and assigned an index number (Supplemental Appendix; see Data Accessibility). Word, PDF, and Excel versions of this appendix are available as supplemental material (see Data Accessibility).
1. KUZM
Zoological Museum, Faculty of Science, Kabul University (KU), Kabul. Also known as: Kabul University Science Museum. Note: established by Clas Naumann, KU professor from 1970–1972, during which time herpetological specimens were shared with ZFMK; zoological museum destroyed during Taliban regime (1996–2001). Assigned here: KUZM. Afghanistan.
2. MNST
Natural Sciences Museum of Albania, Tirana. Note: affiliated with the University of Tirana. Current as: MNST (herps). Albania.
3. FSB/HAL
Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Université des sciences et de la technologie Houari-Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar. Also known as: University of Bab Ezzouar. Current as: FSB/HAL (fishes). See also: ZAR (fossils). Algeria.
4. UTL
University of Abou Bakr Belkaïd [Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen], Tlemcen. Current as: UTL (fossils, Laboratory). Algeria.
5. ZAR
Musée de la Faculté des Sciences de la Terre de la Géographie et de l'Aménagement du Territoire (FSTGAT), Université des sciences et de la technologie Houari-Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar. Current as: ZAR (fossils from Zarzaïtine Series). See also: FSB/HAL (fishes). Algeria.
6. JPHM
Jean P. Haydon Museum, Pago Pago. American Samoa.
7. ISCED
Instituto Superior de Ciências de Educação da Huíla (ISCED-Huíla), Lubango [ex Sá da Bandeira]. Also known as: Lubango Museum. Includes: collections of Instituto de Investigação Científica de Angola (IICA). Current as: ISCED. Huíla. Angola.
8. INBAC
Instituto Nacional da Biodiversidade e Áreas de Conservação, Ministério do Ambiente de Angola, Kilamba Kiaxi, Luanda. Current as: INBAC (herps). Luanda. Angola.
9. MGUAN
Museu de Geologia da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda. Current as: MGUAN (fossils), MGUAN-PA (fossils, PaleoAngola Collection). Luanda. Angola.
10. MNHNL
Museu Nacional de História Natural de Angola, Largo do Kinaxixe, Luanda [ex São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda]. Note: descended from Angolan Museum founded in 1938 in São Miguel Fort, Luanda Bay area. Current as: MNHNL/ANF (amphibians), MNHNL/Rep (reptiles). Luanda. Angola.
11. MD
Museu Regional do Dundo, Dundo, Chitato. Also known as: Museu do Dundo; Laboratório de Biologia do Museu do Dundo; Dundo Museum. Current as: MD. Lunda Norte. Angola.
12. AI
Asociación Ictiológica, La Plata. Note: collection separate from, but in same building as MLP. Current as: AI (fishes). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
13. CENAI
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Iológicas, Buenos Aires. Also as: Coleccion Herpetologica, Instituto Nacional de Microbiología “Gustav G. Malbrán” (CENAI/CHINM, INM, IINM). Note: “Iológicas” correct, derived from Greek word for venom; institution founded by Avelino Barrio and closed in 1979; herps (including types) transferred to MACN. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
14. CFA
Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Colección, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires. Includes: fish collection formerly at Instituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet”, La Plata (ILPLA, ILLPA). Note: older CFA collections assembled by Julio Rafael Contreras for Programa de Biología Básica, Corrientes, transferred to MACN and re-numbered. Current as: CFA-IC (fishes), CFA-AN (amphibians), CFA-RE (reptiles). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
15. GCF
Grupo Conservacionista de Fósiles, Museo Paleontológico “Fray Manuel de Torres”, San Pedro. Current as: GCF (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
16. IAA
Instituto Antártico Argentino, Museo Antártico de la Fundación Marambio, Buenos Aires. Note: research institution; status of collections unknown. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
17. MCA
Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales “Carlos Ameghino”, Mercedes. Current as: MCA (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
18. MCNL
Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Gesué Pedro Noseda”, Lobería. Current as: MCNL (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
19. MCNLF
Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Florentino Ameghino”, Las Flores. Current as: MCNLF (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
20. MHRA
Museo Histórico Regional Ayacucho, Ayacucho. Current as: MHRA (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
21. MMCNP
Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Pachamama, Santa Clara del Mar. Current as: MMCNP (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
22. MMH
Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Vicente Di Martino”, Monte Hermoso. Current as: MMH-QEQ (fossils from Puente Vanoli). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
23. MMP
Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales “Lorenzo Scaglia”, Mar del Plata. Current as: MMP (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
24. CPBA
Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires. Current as: CPBA (fossils). See also: FCEN (Recent vertebrates). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
25. FCEN
Vertebrate Collection, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires. Current as: FCEN-V (herps). See also: CPBA (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
26. INIDEP
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones desarrollo pesquero, Mar del Plata. Formerly: Instituto de Biología Marina (IBMC) until 1977. Current as: INIDEP (fishes). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
27. MACN
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires. Formerly: Museo Nacional de Argentina; Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires (MNBA). Includes: herpetological collections from Centro de Ecología aplicada del Litoral (HB) and Instituto Nacional de Microbiología “Carlos G. Malbrán” (CENAI/CHINM, INM, IINM); collection assembled by Julio Rafael Contreras for Programa de Biología Básica, Corrientes (now CFA); Colección Carlos Grisolía (CCG). Obsolete as: MBR, MNBA, SHNBA. Current as: MACN-Ict (fishes, Colección Nacional de Ictiología), MACN-He (herps, Colección Nacional de Herpetología); MACN-Pv (fossils, Colección Nacional de Paleovertebrados). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
28. MD
Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Carlos Darwin. Current as: MD (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
29. MLP
Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata. Also known as: Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (CHMLPA). Formerly: Museo Antropológico y Arqueológico de Buenos Aires based on collections donated by Francisco Pascasio Moreno. Note: fish collection in same building but separate from Asociación Ictiológica (AI) collection. In error as: ILPLA (herps). Obsolete as: CHMLPA, MLPA. Current as: MLP (fishes), MLP (fossils, División Paleontología de Vertebrados), MLP A (amphibians), MLP R (reptiles, for catalog numbers ≥5000), MLP S. & MLP JW. (lizards & snakes, respectively, for catalog numbers <5000), MLP DB (Diego Baldo herpetological collection). Also as: UNLP (amphibians). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
30. PV-UNS
Colección Paleontológica de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca. Current as: PV-UNS (fossils). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
31. UNMDP
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio Vertebrados, Mar del Plata. Note: includes Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC). Current as: UNMDP (fishes), UNMdP (Colección Herpetológica). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
32. FACEN
Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca. Includes: fish collection formerly known as UNCa. Current as: FACEN (fishes). Catamarca. Argentina.
33. MCNCH
Museo de Ciencias naturales “Augusto Gustavo Schulz”, Resistencia. Note: reported as closed in 2016. Chaco. Argentina.
34. CENPAT
Centro Nacional Patagónico, Puerto Madryn. Note: exclusive unit of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienctíficas y Tecnológicas (CONICET). Includes: Colección Herpetológica, Luciano Javier Avila Mariana Morando (LJAMM-CNP) began in 1998 and dontaed to CENPAT in 2009. Obsolete as: CH-CNP (herps). Current as: CENPAT (fossil fishes), CNP-A (amphibians), CNP-P (fishes), LJAMM-CNP (Colección Herpetológica). Chubut. Argentina.
35. JAS-DC
José A. Scolaro Diagnostic Collection (herps). Current as: JAS-DC (herps). Also as: CH-JAS (Colección Herpetológica de José A. Scolaro). Chubut. Argentina.
36. MPEF
Museo Paleontológico “Egidio Feruglio”, Trelew. Current as: MPEF-PV (fossil vertebrates). Chubut. Argentina.
37. UNPSJB
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut Province. Note: created in 1980 via merger of Universidad de San Juan Bosco and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia. Current as: UNPSJB (fossils). Chubut. Argentina.
38. AGM
Archivo Gráfico y Museo Histórico de San Francisco y la Región, San Francisco. Current as: AGM (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
39. CORD
Museo de Paleontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba. Current as: CORD-PZ (fossils). See also: MZUC (Recent fishes, herps). Córdoba. Argentina.
40. MAMM
Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la Región de Ansenuza “Aníbal Montes”, Miramar. Current as: MAMM-PV (fossils, Sección Paleovertebrados). Córdoba. Argentina.
41. MBM
Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Bartolomé Mitre”, Córdoba. Current as: MBM-PV (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
42. MCNC
Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. Arturo Umberto Illía”, Córdoba. Current as: MCNC PV (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
43. MHM
Museo Histórico Municipal de Arroyito, Arroyito. Current as: MHM (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
44. MPH
Museo Municipal Punta Hermengo, Miramar. Current as: MPH (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
45. MZUC
Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba. Current as: MZUC (herps). Also as: CZA (herps, Centro de Zoología Aplicada). See also: CORD (fossils). Córdoba. Argentina.
46. UNRC-ZV
Colección Herpetológica de Zoología Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba. Obsolete as: DCN-UNRC, ZVUNRC, UNRC-DCN-ZV. Current as: UNRC-ZV. Córdoba. Argentina.
47. CIPBV
Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras “Bella Vista”, Bella Vista. Note: no longer extant; disposition of collection unknown. Corrientes. Argentina.
48. INALI
Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienctíficas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santo Tomé. Note: fish collection transferred to Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Florentino Ameghino”, Santa Fé (MFA). See also: MFA. Corrientes. Argentina.
49. UNNEC
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (FaCENA), Corrientes. Obsolete as: UNNE. Current as: CTES-PZ (fossils, Colección Paleontológica “Rafael Herbst”), UNNEC (Colección Herpetológica “Lic. Blanca Beatriz Alvarez”). Corrientes. Argentina.
50. CICYTTP
Centro de Investigaciónes Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Produccion, Diamante. Current as: CICYTTP-PV-P (fossil fishes). Also as: CICTTTP (fossils). Entre Ríos. Argentina.
51. MER
Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas “Prof. Antonio Serrano”, Paraná. Entre Ríos. Argentina.
52. PVE
Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Villa Escolar, Villa Escolar. Formerly: Colección Paleontología de Villa Escolar. Current as: PVE-F (fossils). Formosa. Argentina.
53. RVP
Relevamiento de Vertebrados de La Pampa, Museo Provincial de Historia Natural, Santa Rosa. Formerly: Museo Regional Pampeano until 1992. La Pampa. Argentina.
54. IADIZA
Instituto Argentino de Investigación de Zonas Árides (CCT-Mendoza-CONICET), Mendoza. Current as: IADIZA. Also as: CH-IADIZA, IADIZA-CH (Colección Herpetológica). Mendoza. Argentina.
55. IBAUNC
Instituto de Biología Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza. Current as: IBAUNC (fishes, herps). Also as: IBA, IBA-UNC (herps). Mendoza. Argentina.
56. JMC-DC
José Miguel Cei Diagnostic Collection, San Luis. Current as: JMC-DC (herps). Mendoza. Argentina.
57. MCNA
Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas “Cornelio Moyano”, Mendoza. Current as: MCNA (fossils). Mendoza. Argentina.
58. MHIN-UNSL
Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis. Current as: MHIN-UNSL-GEO (fossils). Mendoza. Argentina.
59. MHNSR
Museo Municipal de Historia Natural de San Rafael, San Rafael. Obsolete as: MNHSR (herps). Current as: MHNSR, MHNSR-PV (fossils, Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados). Also as: MHN, MMHN-SR, MHNSRMza. Mendoza. Argentina.
60. CHUNAM
Colección Herpetológica de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas. Current as: CHUNAM (herps). See also: LGE. Misiones. Argentina.
61. IARM
Vivario del Museo de Ciencias Naturales e Históricas del Instituto Ruiz de Montoya, Posadas. Misiones. Argentina.
62. LGE
Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas. See also: CHUNAM. Misiones. Argentina.
63. MCF
Museo “Carmen Funes”, Plaza Huincul. Also known as: Carmen Funes Municipal Museum. Current as: MCF-PVPH (fossils). Neuquén. Argentina.
64. MOZ
Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Prof. Dr. Juan A. Olsacher”, Zapala. Current as: MOZ (fossils). Also as: MOZP. Neuquén. Argentina.
65. UNCo
Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén. Current as: UNCo-PH (Programa de Herpetología), MUCPv (fossils, Museo de Geología y Paleontología). Also as: MUC Pv, MUCP (fossils). Neuquén. Argentina.
66. CIC
Museo Naturalístico, Antropológico e Histórico “Jorge Gerhold”, Ingeniero Jacobacci. Current as: CIC (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
67. MCS
Museo Regional de Cinco Saltos, Cinco Saltos. Current as: MCS (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
68. MML
Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Municipal de Lamarque, Lamarque. Also known as: Museo Paleontológico de Lamarque. Current as: MML-PV (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
69. MPBAR
Museo Paleontológico de la Asociación Paleontológica Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche. Current as: MPBAR (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
70. MPCA
Museo provincial de Cipolletti “Carlos Ameghino”, Cipolletti. Current as: MPCA-PV (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
71. MPCN
Museo Patagónico de Ciencias Naturales “Juan Carlos Salgado”, General Roca. Current as: MPCN (fossils). Río Negro. Argentina.
72. IBIGEO
Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, Rosario de Lerma. Note: established in 2009 as scientific research unit of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Current as: IBIGEO-I, IBIGEO-P (fishes), IBIGEO-R (reptiles). Salta. Argentina.
73. MCN
Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta. In error as: MCMI. Current as: MCN (fossils), MCNI (fishes), MCN-UNSa (herps, although MCN used on specimen tags). Also as: CNS-V (fossils). Salta. Argentina.
74. UNSJ
Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan. Includes: Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales (IMCN). Current as: PVSJ (fossils, División de Paleontología de Vertebrados), UNSJ (herps). Also as: IMCN-UNSJ (herps). San Juan. Argentina.
75. UNSL
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis. Current as: MHN-UNSL-GEO V (fossils, Geología Vertebrados). San Luis. Argentina.
76. MPM
Museo Regional Provincial “Padre Jesus Molina”, Río Gallegos. Note: museum established in 1957, adopted current name in 1983. Current as: MPM (fossils). Santa Cruz. Argentina.
77. MFA
Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Florentino Ameghino”, Santa Fe. Includes: fish collection from Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santo Tomé. Current as: MFA-ZV-I (fishes), MFA-ZV-H (herps). Santa Fe. Argentina.
78. MFCA
Museo Universitario “Florentino y Carlos Ameghino”, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe. Formerly: Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología “Alfredo Castellanos”. Current as: MFCA (fossils). Santa Fe. Argentina.
79. IAV
Instituto de Animales Venenosas “Dr. Jorge W. Ábalos”, Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero. Argentina.
80. FML
Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán. Obsolete as: IML (fishes). Current as: FML (fishes, herps). Also as: CI-FML (fishes). See also: PVL (fossils). Tucumán. Argentina.
81. PVL
Paleontología Vertebrados Lillo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto “Miguel Lillo”, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán. Current as: PVL (fossils). Also as: LIL-PZ (fossils). See also: FML (Recent fishes, herps). Tucumán. Argentina.
82. AFAN
Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan [Erevan]. Formerly: Armenian Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences (1943–1993). Note: Institute of Zoology and Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology merged into Center of Zoology and Hydroecology (SCZH) founded in 2006. Obsolete as: ZIA (Zoological Institute). Current as: AFAN. Also as: IZAY (beetles). Armenia.
83. ANU
Australian National University, Canberra. Includes: Gauba Collection and fossils from Commonwealth Paleontological Collection (CPC). Current as: ANU V (fossils). Australian Capital Territory. Australia.
84. ANWC
Australian National Wildlife Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra. Note: founded in 1966. Current as: ANWC. Australian Capital Territory. Australia.
85. AMS
Australian Museum, Sydney. Formerly: Colonial Museum Sydney (1827–1836). Includes: fish types and herps from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney (MAMU, MMS, MMUS, MU). Obsolete as: AM, A.M. Current as: AMS (fishes, herps), AM-F (fossils). New South Wales. Australia.
86. AZM
Private collection of Richard Wells, Katoomba. Also known as: Australian Zoological Museum. New South Wales. Australia.
87. GNHNA
Gallery of Natural History and Native Art, Medlow Bath. New South Wales. Australia.
88. GSNSW
Fossil collection of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Maitland. Current as: GSNSW (fossils). New South Wales. Australia.
89. MAMU
Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Sydney. Note: fish type specimens and herps transferred to Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS). Current as: MAMU. Also as: MMS, MMUS, MU. See also: AMS. New South Wales. Australia.
90. MQU
Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, North Ryde. New South Wales. Australia.
91. NEW
University of Newcastle, Newcastle. New South Wales. Australia.
92. WOLL
University of Wollongong, Wollongong. New South Wales. Australia.
93. NTI
Animal Industry Branch, Northern Territory Administration, Alice Springs. Northern Territory. Australia.
94. NTM
Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Darwin. Formerly: Northern Territory Museum of Arts & Sciences. Includes: fluid collections of Museum of Central Australia (NTM A/S) and Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Alice Springs. Current as: NTM (fishes, herps). Also as: NT, MAGNT. Northern Territory. Australia.
95. NTM A/S
Museum of Central Australia, Alice Springs. Includes: collections of Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory (CAWC). Note: fluid collections transferred to and re-cataloged at Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory (NTM), Darwin. Also as: CAM (fishes), NTM-A/S (herps). Northern Territory. Australia.
96. AFAQ
Queensland Amateur Fishing Clubs Association, Inc. Formerly: Amateur Fisheries Association of Queensland. Note: most specimens transferred to Queensland Museum (QM). Queensland. Australia.
97. AOD
Australian Age of Dinosaurs Fossil Museum of Natural History, Winton. Current as: AOD F (fossils). Also as: AODF (fossils). Queensland. Australia.
98. FBQ
Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries Queensland, Brisbane. Queensland. Australia.
99. GRIF
Griffith University, Brisbane. Queensland. Australia.
100. GSQ
Geological Survey of Queensland Fossil Collection, Brisbane. Note: some fossils transferred to Queensland Museum (QM). Current as: GSQ (fossils). Queensland. Australia.
101. QM
Queensland Museum, Centre for Biodiversity, Brisbane. Includes: collection from Department of Harbours & Marine, Brisbane (DHMB); specimens from Queensland Amateur Fishing Clubs Association (AFAQ) and Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service (QP); fossils from Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ). Obsolete as: QMB. Current as: QM F (fossils), QM I (fishes), QM J (herps). Also as: QMF, QMI, QMJ. Queensland. Australia.
102. FLIN
Flinders University, Adelaide. South Australia. Australia.
103. SADME
South Australian Department of Mines Fossil Collection, Adelaide. Current as: SADME (fossils). South Australia. Australia.
104. SAMA
South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Current as: SAMA. Also as: SAM (fossils). South Australia. Australia.
105. CSIRO
Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation, National Research Collections Australia, Australian National Fish Collection (ANFC), Hobart. Includes: fishes from Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority, Hobart (TFDA) added in 1985. Note: collection formerly held at CSIRO Marine Labs, Sydney (MLS), move to Hobart in 1984 and known as I.S.R. Munro Ichthyological Collection (1984–1999). Current as: CSIRO (fishes). Tasmania. Australia.
106. QVM
Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery (QVMAG), Launceston. Obsolete as: QVMT. Current as: QVM (fishes, herps). Tasmania. Australia.
107. TMH
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. Includes: most specimens from Tasmanian Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart (TIFC), added in 2000s. Current as: TMH. Also as: TMAG. Tasmania. Australia.
108. UTAS
University of Tasmania, Department of Geology Fossil Collection, Hobart. Current as: UTAS (fossils). Tasmania. Australia.
109. GSV
Geological Survey of Victoria, Melbourne. Current as: GSV (fossils). Victoria. Australia.
110. MUZ
Department of Zoology, Monash University, Melbourne. Current as: MUZ (fossils). Victoria. Australia.
111. NMV
Museums Victoria, Melbourne. Also known as: Melbourne Museum. Formerly: National Museum of Victoria. Current as: NMV (fishes, herps), NMV P (fossils). Also as: NMVD (herps). Victoria. Australia.
112. UMP
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne. Current as: MUGD (fossils, Department of Geology and Mineralogy). Victoria. Australia.
113. GSWA
Geological Survey of Western Australia, East Perth. Note: early fossil collection housed in Western Australian Museum (WAM) and separated from WAM collection by Irene Crespin ca. 1964. Current as: GSWA F (fossils). Western Australia. Australia.
114. UWA
University of Western Australia, Crawley. Note: amphibian specimens transferred to Western Australian Museum (WAM); audio recordings of frogs curated by Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Albany Campus (CENRM). Current as: UWA (fossils, Edward de Courcy Clarke Earth Science Museum). Western Australia. Australia.
115. WAM
Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Perth. Includes: amphibian specimens from University of Western Australia, Crawley (UWA). Current as: WAM (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: WAMAG (fossils). Western Australia. Australia.
116. JD
Private collection of John Dwyer. Note: reptile collector for Taronga Zoo, Sydney; status unknown. Australia.
117. MW
Private collection of M. Ward (herps). Australia.
118. NOLM
Museum Niederösterreich [Lower Austria Museum], St. Pölten. Formerly: Landesmuseum Niederösterreich [Lower Austria State Museum]. Current as: NOLM (fossils). Niederösterreich [Lower Austria]. Austria.
119. OLL
Biologiezentrum, Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz. Current as: OLL. Also as: BZL. Oberösterreich [Upper Austria]. Austria.
120. HNS
Haus der Natur Salzburg, Salzburg. Current as: HNS (sharks). Salzburg. Austria.
121. UMJGP
Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz. Also known as: Styrian Provincial Museum Joanneum. Formerly: Landesmuseum Joanneum from 1811–2009. Obsolete as: LIG, LJG, LMJ, LMJG, SLMJ (fossils). Current as: UMJGP (fossils). Steiermark [Styria]. Austria.
122. Innsb
Institut für Geologie [Department of Geology], Universität Innsbruck [University of Innsbruck], Innsbruck. Current as: Innsb (fossils). Tyrol. Austria.
123. IEND
inatura—Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, Dornbirn. Current as: IEND (sharks). Vorarlberg. Austria.
124. GBA
Geologische Bundesanstalt [Geological Survey of Austria], Wien [Vienna]. Obsolete as: GBW. Current as: GBA (fossils). Also as: GBAW (fossils). Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
125. IPUW
Institut für Paläontologie, Universität Wien, Wien [Vienna]. Obsolete as: UWPI. Current as: IPUW (fossils), UNIVIE EMRG (ichthyological collection, Department of Palaeontology). Also as: PIUW (fossils). See also: ZCUV (fishes, herps). Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
126. MV
Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis, Wien [Vienna]. Note: no longer extant. Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
127. NMW
Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien [Vienna]. Includes: Hof-Naturalien-Cabinet (HNC), predecessor of Naturhistorisches Museum. Obsolete as: NHMV, NMWGP (fossils). Current as: NMW (fishes, herps), NHMW (fossils, geologisch-paläontologische Abteilung). Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
128. ZCUV
Zoological Collection, Department für Theoretische Biologie, Universität Wien, Wien [Vienna]. Formerly: Institut für Zoologie. Current as: ZCUV (fishes, herps). Also as: IZUW, ZIUW. See also: IPUW. Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
129. CBSIZA
Caspian Biological Station, Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku. Obsolete as: CBS. Current as: CBSIZA. Azerbaijan.
130. IZAB
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku. Obsolete as: ZIAZ, IZA. Current as: IZAB. Also as: IZBA (entomology). Azerbaijan.
131. NMB
National Museum of the Bahamas, Antiquities, Monuments and Museums Corporation, Marsh Harbour, Abaco Island. Current as: NMB (fossils). Bahamas.
132. BFRIRS
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Riverine Station, Moishadi. Chandpur. Bangladesh.
133. CU
University of Chittagong, Chittagong. Note: separate museums in Department of Zoology (DOZ, CU), Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries (IMSF; formerly Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography from 1971 to 1983) and Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences (IFES). Obsolete as: MMSF (fishes), CUZ (herps). Current as: CU preceded by catalog number (herps, Department of Zoology), CUMSF (fishes, Institute of Marine Sciences), IFESCU (herps, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences), IMSFCU (herps, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries). Chittagong. Bangladesh.
134. DU
Zoology Department, University of Dhaka, Dhaka [ex Dacca]. Current as: DU (fishes). Dhaka. Bangladesh.
135. FBGN-SAU
Aquatic Bioresource Research Laboratory, Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka [ex Dacca]. Current as: FBGN-SAU_F (fishes). Dhaka. Bangladesh.
136. JUHG
Jahangirnagar University Herpetological Group, Zoology Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar. Current as: JUHG (herps). Dhaka. Bangladesh.
137. BKM
Trudovoy Slavy Museum, Soligorsk [Salihorsk]. Current as: BKM (fossils). Belarus.
138. BSUM
Geological Museum of Belarusian State University, Minsk. Current as: BSUM (fossils). Belarus.
139. ERB
Elasmobranch Research Belgium, Bonheiden. Includes: fossil collection of Frederik H. Mollen, Berlaar. Current as: ERB (fishes, fossils). Antwerp. Belgium.
140. IRSNB
Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique [Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen (KBIN, KNMB), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)], Brussels. Formerly: Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (MRHN) [Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum van België], created in 1846. Obsolete as: IRScNB, ISBN, ISNB, ISNM, KNMB, MRHN, RIB. Current as: IRSNB (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: KBIN (sharks, herps, birds), RBINS (fossils). Brussels. Belgium.
141. ZMULB
Muséum de Zoologie et d'Anthropologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels. Brussels. Belgium.
142. RMCA
Royal Museum for Central Africa [Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale (MRAC), Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika (KMMA)], Tervuren. Also known as: Tervuren Museum, AfricaMuseum. Formerly: Musée du Congo (1898–1908), Musée du Congo belge [Museum van Belgisch Congo] (1908–1952), Musée royal du Congo belge [Koninklijk Museum van Belgisch Congo] (1952–1960). Obsolete as: KMMA, MRAC, MT, RG, RGMC, RMAC. Current as: RMCA (fishes, herps, fossils). Flemish Brabant. Belgium.
143. MZULG
Université de Liège, L'Aquarium “Dubuisson” et le Musée de Zoologie, Liège. Liège. Belgium.
144. GAN
S.G.A. Nago collection housed at University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou [Kutonu]. Current as: GAN (herps). Bénin.
145. LHC
Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et d'Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou [Kutonu]. Bénin.
146. BAMZ
Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts Village. Formerly: Bermuda Natural History Society. Obsolete as: BZS, BNHS. Current as: BAMZ (fishes). Bermuda.
147. CNR
Laboratory Collection, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Punakha. Current as: CNR (fishes). Punakha. Bhutan.
148. CIRA-UTB
Centro de Investigacíon de Recursos Aquáticos, Universidad Técnica del Beni, Trinidad. Current as: CIRA-UTB (fishes). Beni. Bolivia.
149. USFX
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca [University of Saint Francis Xavier], Chuquisaca. Chuquisaca. Bolivia.
150. MHNC
Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d'Orbigny, Cochabamba [Quchapampa]. Includes: fish collection assembled by Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos, Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS). Current as: MHNC, MHNCA (amphibians), MHNC-R (reptiles). Cochabamba. Bolivia.
151. UMSS
Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba [Quchapampa]. Current as: CBG (herps, Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética), UMSS (fishes). Also as: CBGR (herps). Cochabamba. Bolivia.
152. CBF
Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural and Instituto de Ecología de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz. Obsolete as: CFB. Current as: CBF (fishes, herps). La Paz. Bolivia.
153. CIPA
Museo de Historia Natural “Pedro Villalobos” (MHNPV), Centro de Investigación y Preservación de la Amazonía, Universidad Amazónica de Pando, Cobija. Nicolás Suárez. Bolivia.
154. MNK
Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de La Sierra. Obsolete as: MNKM, NK, NKA. Current as: MNKP (fishes), MNKR (reptiles), MNKA (amphibians). Santa Cruz. Bolivia.
155. YPFB
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos paleontology collection, Centro de Tecnología Petrolera (CTP), Santa Cruz. Note: fossils specimens are the property of CTP (YPFB), but on loan to Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN) for curation and study. Current as: YPFB Pal (fossils). Santa Cruz. Bolivia.
156. MNPA
Museo Nacional Paleontológico-Arqueológico, Tarija [San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa]. Formerly: Museo Universitario de Tarija (MUT). Current as: MNPA-V (fossil vertebrates). Tarija. Bolivia.
157. ZMBH
Zemaljski Muzej Bosne i Hercegovine [National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina], Sarajevo. Current as: ZMBH (fishes, herps), BHSP (fossils). Bosnia and Herzegovina.
158. BNM
Botswana National Museum, Gaborone. Note: uncataloged herp specimens cited using field numbers (e.g., KHH). Current as: BNM (herps). Botswana.
159. SADC/GEF
Southern African Development Community, Global Environment Facility, Gaborone. Current as: SADC/GEF (fishes). Botswana.
160. UFAC
Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco. Current as: UFAC (herps, fossils, campus Rio Branco). See also: UFACF (campus Floresta). Acre. Brazil.
161. UFACF
Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus da Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul. Current as: UFACF (herps, campus Floresta). See also: UFAC (campus Rio Branco). Acre. Brazil.
162. MUFAL
Museu de História Natural da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió. Current as: MUFAL (herps), UFAL (fishes). Alagoas. Brazil.
163. IEPA
Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Macapá. Note: mistakenly associated with “Instituto de Ensino Profissional da Amazônia” (Andrade et al., 2016:2). Current as: IEPA (fishes, herps). Amapá. Brazil.
164. FMT
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus. Formerly: Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMTM). Obsolete as: IMTM (herps). Current as: FMT (herps). Amazonas. Brazil.
165. IDSM
Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé. Current as: IDSM (fishes). Amazonas. Brazil.
166. INPA
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus. Current as: INPA-ICT (fishes), INPA-H (herps). Amazonas. Brazil.
167. CHECOA
Coleção Herpetológica de Referência do Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Ambiental, Universidade Católica do Salvador, Salvador. Bahia. Brazil.
168. CIAVE
Centro de Investigações de Animais Venenosos, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana. See also: MZFS. Bahia. Brazil.
169. CRVS
Coleção de Referência do Vale do São Francisco, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus VIII, Paulo Afonso. Current as: CRVS (fishes). Bahia. Brazil.
170. CZGB
Coleção Zoológica Gregório Bondar (CZGB), Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC). Note: collection transferred to MZUESC in 2012. Current as: CZGB (herps). See also: MZUESC. Bahia. Brazil.
171. MZFS
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana. Note: SUEFS (Sonoteca do Laboratório de Animais Peçonhentos e Herpetologia) used for sound recordings. Obsolete as: LIUEFS (Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas), MZUEFS, UEFS. Current as: MZFS (fishes, Divisão de Peixes), MZFS-DAR (herps, Divisão de Anfíbios e Répteis). See also: CIAVE. Bahia. Brazil.
172. MZUESC
Coleção Herpetológica do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus. Includes: Coleção Zoológica Gregório Bondar (CZGB), added in 2012. Current as: MZUESC (herps). See also: CZGB. Bahia. Brazil.
173. TAMAR
Projeto Tamar, São João da Mata. Note: non-profit organization administered by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Current as: TAMAR (fishes). Bahia. Brazil.
174. UESB
Coleção de Anfíbios, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista. Bahia. Brazil.
175. UFBA
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador. Note: reptile collection properly founded in 1987. Current as: UFBA (fishes, herps). Also as: CRMZUFBA (reptiles), MZUFBA (Museu de Zoologia). Bahia. Brazil.
176. CPCA
Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas da Chapada do Araripe, Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, Crato. Current as: CPCA (fossils). Ceará. Brazil.
177. DNOCS
Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas, Pentecoste. Note: status of collection unknown, some fishes transferred to MZUSP. Ceará. Brazil.
178. MPSC
Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Santana do Cariri. Current as: MPSC (fossils). Ceará. Brazil.
179. UFC
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza. Obsolete as: LCM (Laboratório de Ciências do Mar). Includes: collections transferred from Grupo de Estudo de Elasmobrânquios do Ceará (ELACE) (ELC, Chondrichthyes) and Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca (CIDEP-UFC, Coleção Ictiológica). Current as: DBUFC (Coleção Ictiológica do Departamento de Biologia, Campus do Pici), LABOMAR (Coleção Ictiológica do Instituto de Ciências do Mar), CHUFC (herps, Coleção Herpetológica do Departamento de Biologia e Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia [NUROF-UFC], Campus do Pici). Also as: UFC (herps), UFC A (amphibians). Ceará. Brazil.
180. URCA
Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato. Current as: URCA-H (herps, Coleção Herpetológica). Ceará. Brazil.
181. UNB
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. Current as: CIUnB (Coleção Ictiológica), CHUNB (Coleção Herpetológica). Distrito Federal. Brazil.
182. CZNC
Coleção Zoológica Norte Capixaba, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus. Note: collection separate from UFES. Current as: CZNC (fishes). See also: UFES. Espírito Santo. Brazil.
183. MBML
Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Coleção Zoológica, Santa Teresa. Formerly: Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão, established in 1949. Current as: MBML (fishes, herps). Espírito Santo. Brazil.
184. UFES
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória. Note: collection separate from CZNC. Obsolete as: ZUFES. Current as: CIUFES (fishes, Coleção Ictiológica), UFES (herps). Also as: CI-UFES (fishes). Espírito Santo. Brazil.
185. CEPB
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia. Includes: specimens from faunal rescues associated with Usina Hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa (UHESM) and Usina Hidrelétrica de Corumbá (UHEC). Current as: CEPB (herps), UHESM & UHEC (herps housed at CEPB). Also as: PUC-GO (herps). Goiás. Brazil.
186. ZUFG
Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia. Current as: ZUFG (herps). Also as: UFG (herps). Goiás. Brazil.
187. UFMA
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus do Bacanga, São Luís. Note: presumably includes fishes deposited in Coleção de Peixes do Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia (CPDOL). Obsolete as: HUFMA (herps). Current as: CHUFMA (herps), CPUFMA (fishes), UFMA (fossils). See also: UFMA-CCAA. Maranhão. Brazil.
188. UFMA-CCAA
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Chapadinha. Note: fish collection began in 2015, made official in 2016. Current as: CICCAA (fishes, Coleção Ictiológica), CHMA (herps, Coleção Herpetológica “Claude d'Abbeville”). See also: UFMA. Maranhão. Brazil.
189. LILUNX
Laboratory of Ichthyology and Limnology, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Xavantina. Current as: LILUNX (fishes). Mato Grosso. Brazil.
190. UFMT
Coleção Zoológica de Vertebrados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá. Current as: CPUFMT (fishes, Coleção de Peixes), UFMT (herps), UFMT-R (reptiles). Mato Grosso. Brazil.
191. CEUCH
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus do Pantanal, Corumbá. Current as: CEUCH (herps). See also: ZUFMS. Mato Grosso do Sul. Brazil.
192. CPUEMS
Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados. Current as: CPUEMS (fishes, Coleção de Peixes). Mato Grosso do Sul. Brazil.
193. ZUFMS
Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande. Current as: ZUFMS-PIS (fishes), ZUFMS-AMP (amphibians), ZUFMS-REP (reptiles). See also: CEUCH. Mato Grosso do Sul. Brazil.
193.5. CICMG
(see Addendum)
194. CPPLIP
Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas “Llewellyn Ivor Price”, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Peirópolis, Uberaba. Obsolete as: CPP (fossils). Current as: CPPLIP (fossils). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
195. FUNED
Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte. Current as: FUNED (herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
196. IGC
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CCT-UFMG), Belo Horizonte. Current as: IGC-P (fossils). See also: UFMG (fishes, herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
197. LGC
Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Belo Horizonte. Current as: LGC (fishes). See also: MCN. Minas Gerais. Brazil.
198. LZV
Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto. Current as: LZV (herps). Also as: LZVUFOP (herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
199. MCN
Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Belo Horizonte. Obsolete as: PUCMG (herps). Current as: MCNAM (amphibians), MCNIP (fishes), MCNR (reptiles), MCL (fossils). See also: LGC. Minas Gerais. Brazil.
200. MZUFV
Museu de Zoologia “João Moojen de Oliveira”, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. Obsolete as: UFV (herps). Current as: MZUFV (herps). Also as: CHUV (herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
201. UFJF
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Juiz de Fora. Current as: UFJF (fishes). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
202. UFLA
Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. Current as: CIUFLA (fishes, Coleção Ictiológica). Also as: CI-UFLA (fishes). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
203. UFMG
Centro de Coleções Taxonômicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CCT-UFMG), Belo Horizonte. Obsolete as: MHNI (fishes). Current as: UFMG (herps), DZUFMG (fishes, Departamento de Zoologia). See also: IGC (fossils). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
204. UFU
Museu de Biodiversidade do Cerrado, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia. Note: museum opened in 2000; teaching collection transferred to Parque Municipal Victório Siquierolli in 2002. Current as: AAG-UFU (amphibians). Also as: MBC, MBC-UFU (entomology), UFU (herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
205. GEA
Laboratório de Ictiologia do Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém. Current as: GEA (fishes). Pará. Brazil.
206. LIA
Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Altamira. Current as: LIA (fishes). Pará. Brazil.
207. LPHA
Linha de Pesquisa em Herpetologia da Amazônia, Laboratório de Pesquisas Zoológicas (LPZ), Faculdades Integradas do Tapajós, Santarém. Current as: LPHA (herps). Pará. Brazil.
208. MPEG
Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi”, Belém. Note: federal research institution within the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Communication (MCTIC). Current as: MPEG (fishes, herps), MPEG-V (fossils). Pará. Brazil.
209. UFOPA
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém. Current as: UFOPA-I (fishes, Coleção de Peixes). Pará. Brazil.
210. CEATOX-PB
Centro de Assistência Toxicológica da Paraíba, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa. Current as: CEATOX-PB (herps). Paraíba. Brazil.
211. LHUFCG
Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos. Current as: LHUFCG (herps). Paraíba. Brazil.
212. UFPB
Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa. Current as: CHUFPB (herps, Coleção Herpetológica), UFPB (fishes). Also as: CIUFPB (fishes, Coleção Ictiológica). Paraíba. Brazil.
213. DZUP
Coleção de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. Current as: DZUP (herps). Paraná. Brazil.
214. MHNCI
Museu de História Natural do “Capão da Imbuia”, Curitiba. In error as: MHNCL, MNHCI. Current as: MHNCI (fishes, herps). Paraná. Brazil.
215. MZUEL
Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina. Current as: MZUEL (fishes, herps). Paraná. Brazil.
216. NUP
Coleção Ictiológica do Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá. Current as: NUP (fishes). Paraná. Brazil.
217. MFCH
Museu de Fauna da Caatinga, Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga (CEMAFAUNA-CAATINGA), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina. Current as: MFCH (herps). Pernambuco. Brazil.
218. UFPE
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Main Campus, Recife. Includes: Museu de Oceanografia “Prof. Petrônio Alves Coelho” (MOUFPE), formerly known as Instituto de Biologia Marinha e Oceanografia, Jaboatão dos Guararapes (1952–1968) and Laboratório de Ciências do Mar/LACIMAR (UFP) (1968–1973). Current as: LDUFPE (herps, Laboratório Didático), DGEO-CTG-UFPE (fossils, Coleção Científica Paleontológica do Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências). Pernambuco. Brazil.
219. UFRPE
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. Current as: UFRPE (fishes), CHP-UFRPE (herps, Coleção Herpetólogica e Paleoherpetólogica). Also as: CHUFRPE (herps). Pernambuco. Brazil.
220. UFPI
Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina. Current as: UFPI (fishes), UFPI PV (fossils). Piauí. Brazil.
220.5. COPPE-UFRJ
(see Addendum)
221. DGM
Coleção de Paleontologia do Museu de Ciências da Terra (MCT), Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM), Ministério de Minas e Energia, Rio de Janeiro. Formerly: Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM), Divisão de Geologia e Mineralogia (DGM). Note: established within Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil (SGB, SGM) in 1907; Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM) created in 1934, incorporated into Ministério das Minas e Energia in 1960, and dissolved into Companhia de Pesquisas e Recursos Minerais (CPRM) in 1969–70; collections formally named Museu de Ciências da Terra (MCT) in 1992; CPRM became federal public company functioning as Serviço Geológico do Brasil in 1994–95 and responsible for management of MCT in 2012. Obsolete as: DNPM, SGB, SGM (fossils). Current as: DGM (fossils). Also as: DGM-DNPM, MCT (fossils). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
222. EI
Coleção Eugênio Izecksohn, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. Current as: EI (fishes, herps). Also as: EI-UFRRJ. See also: UFRRJ. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
223. IOC
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro. Current as: IOC (herps). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
224. IVB
Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói. In error as: IVP (herps). Current as: IVB (herps). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
225. LBRP
Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Recursos Pesqueiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Note: collection of marine fishes separate from main collection at UFRJ; current status unknown. See also: UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
226. MNRJ
Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Includes: Adolpho Lutz Herpetological Collection (AL-MN, maintained separately), and Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz private collection (CAGC) assembled at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Note: collection separate and distinct from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ/ZUFRJ); entomological, arachnid, mollusk and fossil collections stored at São Cristóvão Palace in Quinta da Boa Vista, Museu Nacional's main building, were largely destroyed by fire on 2 Sep 2018. Current as: MNRJ (fishes, herps), MNTI (fish tissue collection), MNLM (vertebrate DNA extract collection), MN (fossils). Also as: DGP (fossils, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia), MNUFRJ (fossils). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
227. NPM
Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé. Formerly: Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental (NUPEM). In error as: NUPEM. Current as: NPM (fishes). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
228. UERJ
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Departamento de Ensino de Ciências e Biologia (DECB), Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro. Formerly: Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal (DBAV.UERJ) until 2002. Current as: UERJ (fishes), Pz.UERJ (fossils). Also as: PNT.UERJ (fishes), UERJ-PMB (fossils, Paulo M. Brito collection). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
229. UFF
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. Current as: LNEP-UFF (Laboratório de Biologia do Nécton e Ecologia Pesqueira), UFF (fossils). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
230. UFRJ
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro. Includes: herp collection of Sérgio Potsch Carvalho e Silva (SPCS), Departamento de Zoologia. Note: collection distinct from Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Current as: UFRJ (fishes, Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos), ZUFRJ (herps). See also: LBRP (Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Recursos Pesqueiros), UFRJ-DG (fossils), COPPE-UFRJ (fossils). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
231. UFRJ-DG
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia (DEGEO), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro. Current as: UFRJ-DG (vertebrate fossil collections). See also: COPPE-UFRJ (fossils), UFRJ (Recent fishes, herps). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
232. UFRRJ
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. Note: Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz private collection (CAGC) at UFRRJ transferred to Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). See also: EI, MNRJ. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
233. UNIRIO
Laboratório de Biossistemática de Anfíbios, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Current as: UNIRIO (amphibians). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
234. UFRN
Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal. Current as: CHDBEZ (herps, Coleção Herpetológica), UFRN (fishes, Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva). Also as: CIUFRN (fishes, Coleção Ictiológica), LOC-DBEZ-UFRN (fishes, Laboratório do Oceano). Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil.
235. CIMC
Coleção Ictiológica Morevy Cheffe, Grupo Especial de proteção ao Ambiente Aquático do Rio Grande do Sul (GEEPAA-RS), Pelotas. Current as: CIMC (fishes). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
236. CP
Centro Paleontológico, Universidade do Contestado, Mafra. Current as: CP (fossils). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
237. CRUPF
Museu Zoológico Augusto Ruschi, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo. Current as: CRUPF (herps). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
238. EPM
Museu Emígdio Pereira Martino, Santa Vitória do Palmar. Current as: EPM (fossils). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
239. FURG
Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande. Current as: CHFURG (herps), FURG (university laboratory of ichthyology), MOFURG (Museu Oceanográfico “Professor Eliézer de Carvalho Rios”). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
240. ICN
Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Note: no longer extant; some specimens transferred to Departamento de Zoologia in 1978. See also: UFRGS. Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
241. MAPA
Museu Anchieta de Ciências Naturais, Colégio Anchieta, Porto Alegre. Current as: MAPA (fishes). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
242. MCN
Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Formerly: Museu Rio-Grandense de Ciências Naturais (MRCN) established in 1955. Obsolete as: MRCN, MRGS. Current as: MCN (fishes, herps), MCN-PV (fossils). Also as: FZB-RS (Coleção de Peixes), FZBRS (herps), FZRG, MCNZ (herps). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
243. MCP
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia (MCT), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre. Includes: fishes from Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, PUCRS (LACIMAR), transferred in the 1980s. Obsolete as: LACIMAR, MCPU, MCTP. Current as: MCP (fishes, herps), MCP-PV (fossils). Also as: MCTPUCRS (herps). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
244. UFRGS
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Porto Alegre. Includes: fishes from general zoological collection of Instituto de Ciências Naturais (ICN). Obsolete as: DZUFRGS. Current as: UFRGS (fishes, herps). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
245. UFSM
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria. In error as: ZUFMS. Current as: UFSM (fossils), ZUFSM (herps). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
246. ULBRA
Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas. Current as: ULBRA (fossils). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
247. UMVT
Museu de História da Vida e da Terra da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo. Current as: UMVT (fossils). Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
248. UFRO
Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho. Current as: UFRO-I (fishes), UFRO-H (herps, Coleção de Referencia da Herpetofauna). Also as: UFRO-ICT (fishes). Rondônia. Brazil.
249. AMA
Assessoria para Meio Ambiente, ELETROSUL, Florianópolis. Note: fish collection assembled by Manuel Pereira de Godoy, presumably no longer extant. Also as: AMA-Electrosul (fishes). See also: EEBP, MHNP (Godoy fishes). Santa Catarina. Brazil.
250. FURB
Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau. Current as: FURB (herps). Santa Catarina. Brazil.
251. MOVI
Museu Oceanográfico Univali, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Balneário Piçarras. Also known as: Museu Oceanográfico do Vale do Itajaí. Includes: private collection of Jules M.R. Soto (JMRS) and Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCNC), Centro de Estudos Bio-Ecológicos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CEBECLIM) in Porto Alegre, annexed by Universidade do Vale do Itajaí in 1993. Current as: MOVI (fishes, herps). Santa Catarina. Brazil.
252. UFSC
Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia (ECZ), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis. Note: CAUSC was previously assigned to collections in Centro de Ciências Agrarias at UFSC and is presumably obsolete. Obsolete as: CAUSC. Current as: NEMAR (fishes, coleção Ictiológica de Referência do Núcleo de Estudos do Mar), CHUFSC (herps, Coleção Herpetológica). Santa Catarina. Brazil.
253. AZUSC
Acervo Zoológico da Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos. Current as: AZUSC (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
254. CFBH
Coleção Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro. Current as: CFBH (amphibians). See also: LGP (fishes), MHE (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
255. ColBIO
Coleção Biológica “Prof. Edmundo F. Nonato” do Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária. Note: most specimens (mainly fish larvae and invertebrates) held prior to 2012 by the Instituto Oceanográfico and cited as IOUSP are now lost, including types of leptocephali described by Luiz Roberto Tommasi (1960). Obsolete as: IO, IOUSP. Current as: ColBIO (uncataloged fish larvae and invertebrates). São Paulo. Brazil.
256. DZSJRP
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de São José do Rio Preto. Current as: DZSJRP (fishes, herps, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica), URP (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
257. EEBP
Estação Experimental de Biologia e Piscicultura de Pirassununga, Ministério da Agricultura, Pirassununga. Note: established in 1942, EEBP became Centro de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Aquicultura in 1979 which was renamed Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Peixes Tropicais in 1993, then Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais (CEPTA) in 2000; CEPTA administered by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) since 2007; EEBP fish collection assembled by Otto Schubart, Alcides Lourenço Gomes, Felisberto Pinto Monteiro, Manuel Pereira de Godoy and others mostly discarded in 1990s except for a few lots transferred under Godoy's supervision to Museu de História Natural, Pirassununga (MHNP), at least 3 lots transferred to MZUSP in 1994, and 151 lots (19 with EEBP catalog numbers) now cataloged at LIRP. See also: AMA, MHNP, LIRP (Godoy fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
258. IBSP
Coleção Herpetológica “Alphonse Richard Hoge”, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo. Note: destroyed by fire 15 May 2010. Obsolete as: IB, IBH. Current as: IBSP. São Paulo. Brazil.
259. IP
Instituto Pinheiros Produtos Terapêuticos S.A., São Paulo. Note: collection no longer extant; herp specimens divided among several institutions including Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCN). Also as: IPSP. São Paulo. Brazil.
260. LBP
Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu. Current as: LBP (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
261. LGP
Laboratório de Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro. Current as: LGP (fishes). See also: CFBH (amphibians), MHE (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
262. LIRP
Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras (FFLCRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Includes: ∼65 lots formerly associated with Estação Experimental de Biologia e Piscicultura de Pirassununga (EEBP). Current as: LIRP (fishes). See also: LPRP (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
263. LISDEBE
Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos. Current as: LISDEBE (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
264. LPRP
Laboratório de Paleontologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Current as: LPRP (fossils). Also as: LPRP/USP (fossils). See also: LIRP (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
265. MHE
Museu de Minerais e Rochas “Heinz Ebert”, Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia (DPM), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro. Note: Museu de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia “Prof. Dr. Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim” (URC) is separate museum in Departamento em Geologia Aplicada (DGA), IGCE. Obsolete as: MMR/UFU. Current as: MHE (fossils, DPM), URC (fossils, DGA). See also: CFBH (amphibians), LGP (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
266. MHNP
Museu de História Natural, Pirassununga. Note: private museum and collection of Manuel Pereira de Godoy currently administered by Godoy family (no public access); includes some Godoy fishes formerly deposited at Estação Experimental de Biologia e Piscicultura de Pirassununga (EEBP) and potentially Assessoria para Meio Ambiente, ELETROSUL, Florianópolis (AMA). See also: AMA, EEBP, LIRP (Godoy fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
267. MHNT
Museu de História Natural de Taubaté, Taubaté. Current as: MHNT (fossils). See also: TAU. São Paulo. Brazil.
268. MPMA
Museu de Paleontologia “Prof. Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos”, Monte Alto. Also known as: Museu de Paleontologia de Monte Alto. Current as: MPMA (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
268.5. MUGEO
(see Addendum)
269. MZUSP
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. Formerly: Museu Paulista (MPSP). Includes: collection of Instituto de Zootecnia, Secretaria da Agricultura [formerly Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paulista (DZSASP)] and Werner C. A. Bokermann herp collection (WCAB). Obsolete as: DZ, DZSASP, DZUSP, MZSP, MSP, MPSP, MZP. Current as: MZUSP (fishes, herps), CTMZ (tissue collection). Also as: MZict (fish tissues). São Paulo. Brazil.
270. NUPEC
Núcleo de Pesquisa e Estudo em Chondrichthyes, Santos. Current as: NUPEC (fishes). São Paulo. Brazil.
271. TAU
Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté. Current as: TAU (fishes), CCLZU (herps, Laboratório de Zoologia). See also: MHNT (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
272. UNESP-CLP
Elasmobranchs Collection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Câmpus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente. Current as: UNESP-CLP (fishes). Also as: UNE-SP-CLP. São Paulo. Brazil.
273. UNG
Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos. Current as: UNG (fossils). São Paulo. Brazil.
274. ZUEC
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas “Adão José Cardoso”, Campinas. Current as: ZUEC (fishes, herps). Also as: ZUEC-PIS (fishes), ZUEC-REP (reptiles). São Paulo. Brazil.
275. UFS
Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju. Current as: UFS (fishes), CHUFS (herps, Coleção Herpetológica). Sergipe. Brazil.
276. UNT
Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Porto Nacional. Current as: UNT (fishes). Tocantins. Brazil.
277. BMKB
Brunei Museum [Muzium Brunei], Kota Batu, Bandar Seri Begawan. Current as: BMKB. Brunei.
278. UBDM
Universiti Brunei Darussalam Museum, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Bandar Seri Begawan. Obsolete as: UBD. Current as: UBDM (fishes, herps). Brunei.
279. DHISUB
Department of Hydrobiology and Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia. Also as: BFSU. Bulgaria.
280. MNHV
Museum of Natural History, Varna. Bulgaria.
281. NMNHS
National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. Formerly: National Zoological Museum (NZMS). Current as: NMNHS (fossils). Also as: IZ-BAS, IZBAN (fossils, Institute of Zoology), NZMS. Bulgaria.
282. CVRS
Centre Voltaique de la Recherche Scientifique, Ouagadougou. Burkina Faso.
283. MHV
Musée National de Burkina Faso, Mnistère de la Culture, des Arts et du Tourisme, Ouagadougou. Formerly: Musée de Haute Volta [Upper Volta]. Burkina Faso.
284. CRRHA
Centre Régional de Recherches en Hydrobiologie Appliquée, Bujumbura. Note: sponsored by Belgian government from 1992–1995. Burundi.
285. CBC
Center for Biodiversity Conservation, Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), Phnom Penh. Current as: CBC (herps). Phnom Penh. Cambodia.
286. IFReDI
Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Phnom Penh. Current as: IFReDI (fishes). Phnom Penh. Cambodia.
287. MUBS
MacEwan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton. Formerly: Grant MacEwan University. Current as: MUBS. Alberta. Canada.
288. RAM
Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton. Current as: RAM. Alberta. Canada.
289. TMP
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller. Obsolete as: RTMP (fossils). Current as: TMP (fossils). Alberta. Canada.
290. UALVP
University of Alberta, Laboratory for Vertebrate Paleontology, Edmonton. Current as: UALVP (fossils). See also: UAMZ (Recent fishes, herps). Alberta. Canada.
291. UAMZ
University of Alberta, Museum of Zoology, Edmonton. Obsolete as: UAZM. Current as: UAMZ (Recent fishes, herps). See also: UALVP (fossils). Alberta. Canada.
292. RBCM
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria. Obsolete as: BCPM (British Columbia Provincial Museum). Current as: RBCM. British Columbia. Canada.
293. UBC
University of British Columbia, Cowan Vertebrate Museum [part of Beaty Biodiversity Museum], Vancouver. Also as: UBCBBM. British Columbia. Canada.
294. MM
The Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg. Formerly: Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature. Obsolete as: MMMN. Current as: MM (fishes, herps). Also as: TMM (online database). Manitoba. Canada.
295. MZ
Stewart-Hay Memorial Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Formerly: Museum of Zoology. Current as: MZF (fishes), MZH (herps). Manitoba. Canada.
296. ARC
Atlantic Reference Centre, Saint Andrews. Current as: ARC (fishes). New Brunswick. Canada.
297. NBMG
New Brunswick Museum, Saint John. Current as: NBMG (fossils, Geology). New Brunswick. Canada.
298. FOSJ
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador Region, St. John's. Newfoundland. Canada.
299. MUDB
Memorial University, Department of Biology, St. John's. Newfoundland. Canada.
300. NSMC
Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax. Nova Scotia. Canada.
301. BIOUG
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (CBG), University of Guelph, Guelph. Current as: BIOUG (fishes, herps). Ontario. Canada.
302. CMN
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa. Formerly: National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada (NMC). Includes: collections of Victoria Memorial Museum Building (VMMB) and Nunavut Fossil Vertebrate Collection (NUFV). Obsolete as: CMN FI, NMC, VMMB. Current as: CMNFI (fishes), CMNAR (herps), CMNFV (fossil vertebrates). Ontario. Canada.
303. GSC
Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa. Current as: GSC (fossils). Ontario. Canada.
304. MNRT
Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. Ontario. Canada.
305. ROM
Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, Toronto. Note: formally created in 1912, opened to public in 1914. Current as: ROM (fishes, herps, fossils). Ontario. Canada.
306. WLUB
Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Biology, Waterloo. Ontario. Canada.
307. DGPM
Direction Generale des Pêches Maritimes, Ministere de l'Industrie et du Commerce, Quebec. Quebec. Canada.
308. MHNM
Musée d'histoire naturelle, Parc national de Miguasha. Current as: MHNM (fossils). Quebec. Canada.
309. QPM
Ministère du Tourisme de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Montreal. Quebec. Canada.
310. RM
Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal. Current as: RM. Quebec. Canada.
311. SMNH
Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, Regina. Saskatchewan. Canada.
312. INDP
Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas, Mindelo, island of São Vicente. Current as: INDP (fishes). Cape Verde.
313. CEPFL
Centre d'Etude Pêches, Service des eaux et forêts du Tchad, Fort-Lamy [now N'Djamena]. Chad.
314. CNAR
Centre National d'Appui à la Recherche, N'Djamena. Current as: CNAR (fossils). Chad.
315. CZZA
Colección Zoológica de Zonas Áridas y Andinas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica. Current as: CZZA (herps). Arica. Chile.
316. CPUC
Colecciones Paleontológicas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción. Current as: CPUC (fossils). See also: MZUC (fishes, herps). Concepción. Chile.
317. MRC
Museo de Historia Natural de Concepción, Concepción. Current as: MRC (herps). Concepción. Chile.
318. MZUC
Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Concepción, Concepción. Formerly: Instituto de Zoología de la Universidad de Concepción (IZUC). Current as: MZUC (herps). Also as: IZUC, MUZUC, MZUC-UCCC. See also: CPUC (fossils). Concepción. Chile.
319. MPC
Museo Paleontológico de Caldera, Caldera. Current as: MPC (fossils). Copiapó. Chile.
320. MRA
Museo Regional de Atacama, Copiapó. Current as: MRA (herps). Copiapó. Chile.
321. SCBUCN
Sala de Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo. Current as: SCBUCN (fossils). Elqui. Chile.
322. MUSA
Museo de Historia Natural e Histórico de San Antonio, San Antonio. Current as: MUSA (fossils). San Antonio. Chile.
323. CIZ
Centro de Investigaciones Zoológicas, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Note: collections lost when institution closed during military dictatorship. Santiago. Chile.
324. LBUCH
Laboratorio de Biología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Note: lab closed ca. 1998 with specimens transferred to Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHNC) and some fishes to University of Kansas (KU). Santiago. Chile.
325. LLFS-UCH
Laboratory of Limnology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Note: laboratory collection of fishes (Orestias) maintained by Irma Del Carmen Vila Pinto since 2003; some specimens transferred to Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago (MNHNC). Santiago. Chile.
326. MNHNC
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago. Includes: fish collections from the Universidad de Chile, Santiago, including Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética (DBCG, DBCUCH, DBGUCH), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales (FFSUC) and Laboratorio de Biología (LBUCH). Current as: MNHNC (fishes, herps), SGO-PV (fossils, Colección de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Área de Paleontología). Also as: MNHNCL, MNHNCH, MNHN-Stg. Santiago. Chile.
327. SNGM
Servicio Nacional de Geológia y Minero, Santiago. Current as: SNGM (fossils). Santiago. Chile.
328. SSUC
Colección de Flora y Fauna Patricio Sánchez Reyes, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago. Current as: SSUC (herps). Santiago. Chile.
329. IZUA
Instituto de Zoología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. Current as: IZUA. Valdivia. Chile.
330. CIMAR
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Centro de Investigaciones del Mar, Valparaíso. Valparaíso. Chile.
331. EBMC
Estación de Biología Marina de Montemar, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso. Valparaíso. Chile.
332. MHNV
Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaíso, Valparaíso. Note: original museum founded by Eduardo de la Barra in 1878 and largely destroyed by earthquake and fire in 1906; remains of collection moved to Santiago and returned to Valparaíso in 1912. Current as: MHNV. Valparaíso. Chile.
333. AHU
School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei. Anhui. China.
334. HSU
Huangshan University Museum, Huangshan. Current as: HSU (herps). Also as: HUM (herps). Anhui. China.
335. BMNHC
Beijing Museum of Natural History, Dongcheng District, Beijing. Formerly: National Central Museum of Natural History (1951–1962). Current as: BMAM (Recent fishes), BMNHC (fossils). Also as: BMNH (fossils), CNHM (herps), NHBM (fishes). Beijing. China.
336. GMC
National Geological Museum of China, Beijing. Current as: GMC V (fossils). Also as: GMV, NGMC (fossils). Beijing. China.
337. GMPKU
Geological Museum of Peking University, Beijing. Formerly: Geological Showroom of Peking University founded in 1909, renamed Geological Exhibition Hall in 1923, and incorporated into Peking Geology College in 1952; Geological Museum re-established in 1955. Current as: GMPKU (fossils). Also as: PKUP (fossils, Peking University Paleontological Collections). Beijing. China.
338. IGCAGS
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [Academia Sinica], Beijing. Current as: IGCAGS (fossils). Also as: CAGS-IG. Beijing. China.
339. IVPP
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Beijing. Formerly: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology (1957–1960). Current as: IVPP V (vertebrate fossils). See also: NZMC (Recent fishes, herps). Beijing. China.
340. NZMC
National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Chaoyang District, Beijing. Formerly: Fan Memorial Institute of Biology (FMIB, ZMFIB, ZMFMIB; 1928–1962), Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (ASIZB, IZAC, IZAS). Obsolete as: CAS, FMIB, IOZ, IOZCAS, IZAC, IZAS, ZMFIB, ZMFMIB. Current as: NZMC. Also as: ASIZB, IZAC (mammals). See also: IVPP (fossils). Beijing. China.
341. CFEC
Chongqing Museum of Natural History, Chongqing. Also known as: Municipal Museum of Chongqing. Current as: CFEC (fossils). Also as: CNHM (amphibians), CV (fossils). Chongqing. China.
342. QJGPM
Qijiang Petrified Wood and Dinosaur Footprint National Geological Park Museum, Chongqing. Formerly: Geological Museum of Qijiang Municipality Bureau of Land Resources and Housing Management (QJGM). Current as: QJGPM (fossils). Also as: QJGM (fossils). Chongqing. China.
343. FM
Department of Nature, Fujian Provincial Museum, Fuzhou. Fujian. China.
344. FNU
Fujian Normal University, Department of Biology, Fuzhou. Fujian. China.
345. XFCFC
Jimei University, Fisheries College, Xiamen. Formerly: Xiamen Fisheries College. Fujian. China.
346. ZMUA
Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen. Formerly: University of Amoy. Fujian. China.
347. DBLU
Department of Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou. Gansu. China.
348. FRDC
Fossil Research and Development Center, Lanzhou. Current as: FRDC (fossils). Gansu. China.
349. GSGM
Gansu Geological Museum, Lanzhou. Current as: GSGM (fossils). Gansu. China.
350. NWSD
Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou. Current as: NWSD (herps). Gansu. China.
351. DIP
Dexu Institute of Paleontology, Chaozhou. Current as: DIP-V (vertebrate fossils). Guangdong. China.
352. GZIG
Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou [Canton]. Guangdong. China.
353. JNU
Department of Biology, Jinan [Ji-Nan] University, Guangzhou [Canton]. Current as: JNU (fishes). Also as: DBJU, JNH. Guangdong. China.
354. NCBLR
Nanxiong County Bureau of Land and Resources, Shaoguan. Current as: NCBLR (fossils). Guangdong. China.
355. NDM
Nanxiong Dinosaur Museum, Shaoguan. Current as: NDM (fossils). Guangdong. China.
356. PRFRI
Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou [Canton]. Formerly: Fishery Experimental Station Canton (FESC). In error as: PFRI. Obsolete as: FESC. Current as: PRFRI (fishes). Guangdong. China.
357. SCNU
South China Normal University, School of Life Science, Guangzhou [Canton]. Obsolete as: DBSCNU (Department of Biology), FCSCNU. Current as: SCNU. Guangdong. China.
358. SCSFRI
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou [Canton]. In error as: SSCFRI. Current as: SCSFRI. Guangdong. China.
359. SYS
Museum of Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Zhongshan University], Guangzhou [Canton]. Formerly: Chung Shan University which incorporated Lingnan University in 1953. Note: status unknown for collections of Lingnan University Natural History Survey and Museum (LNHSM or LUG). Obsolete as: BLG (fishes), SYSU, ZLSYU. Current as: SYS (fishes, herps). Guangdong. China.
360. YMK
Yangmeikeng tracksite, Shaoguan. Current as: YMK (fossils). Guangdong. China.
361. GAS
Longgang National Nature Reserve, Longzhou [Chongzuo]. Guangxi. China.
362. GIF
Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning. Obsolete as: GXIF. Current as: GIF (fishes). Guangxi. China.
363. GMU
Department of Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning. Formerly: Guangxi Medical College (GMC). Obsolete as: GMC. Current as: GMU. Also as: GMXU and GXMU (amphibians). Guangxi. China.
364. GXSD
College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin. Also as: GXNU. Guangxi. China.
365. GXUA
College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning. Guangxi. China.
366. MESH
Guangxi Maoershan National Nature Reserve collection, Guilin. Obsolete as: GXMESGXUA. Current as: MESH. Guangxi. China.
367. NHMG
Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning. Current as: NHMG (herps, fossils). Also as: GXNHM (amphibians), NHMGZAR (fishes). See also: GMU. Guangxi. China.
368. BJC
Bijie College, Bijie. Current as: BJC (herps). Guizhou. China.
369. GFGNG
Guanling Fossil Group National GeoPark, natural history museum, Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County. Also known as: National Geological Park for the Guanling Fossil Group (NGPGFG). Note: established in 2003; located on Wolonggang Hill near Xiaowa Village. Obsolete as: NGPGFG. Current as: GFGNG (fossils). Guizhou. China.
370. NKMC
National Kweiyang Medical College, Division of Biology, Kweiyang. Note: present status unknown. Guizhou. China.
371. ZMC
Zunyi Medical College, Department of Biology, Zunyi. Obsolete as: TMC. Current as: ZMC (herps). Also as: ZMCZ. Guizhou. China.
372. GNUG
Guizhou Normal University, Animal Specimen Room of the School of Life Sciences, Guiyang. Obsolete as: GZNU (herps). Current as: GNUG. Also as: GZNULS (entomology). Guizhou. China.
373. HAINNU
Department of Biology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou. Hainan. China.
374. JPM
Jehol Paleontological Museum, Chengde. Current as: JPM (fossils). Hebei. China.
375. MHBU
Museum of Hebei University, Baoding. Current as: MHBU (spiders). Hebei. China.
376. GMH
Geological Museum of Heilongjiang, Harbin. Current as: GMH (fossils). Heilongjiang. China.
377. HFRI
Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin. Obsolete as: HRFRI. Current as: HFRI (fishes). Heilongjiang. China.
378. HPM
Heilongjiang Provincial Museum, Harbin. Note: established in 1904 and presumably listed as North Manchurian Museum (NMMH) in Leviton et al. (1985:813). Assigned here: HPM (fossils). Heilongjiang. China.
379. J
Shenzhou Dinosaur Museum, Jiayin Dinosaur National Geological Park, Jiayin County. Current as: J (fossils). Heilongjiang. China.
380. NMMH
North Manchurian Museum, Harbin. Note: museum listed by Leviton et al. (1985:813) presumably refers to the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum (HPM). Heilongjiang. China.
381. HGM
Henan Geological Museum, Zhengzhou. Note: codes HAII and HIII are collection codes, not the institutional code (HGM). Current as: HGM (fossils). Henan. China.
382. HNNU
Henan Biological Specimen Museum, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang. Formerly: Xinxiang Normal College (XNC) ca. 1956–1985. Also as: HENNU (amphibians). Henan. China.
383. HSTUM
Henan University of Science and Technology Museum, Luoyang. Formerly: Luoyang Institute of Technology (1952–2002). Current as: HSTUM (herps). Henan. China.
384. HKFRS
Hong Kong Fisheries Research Station, Aberdeen. Note: formerly with University of Hong Kong, Department of Zoology (1952–1960). Hong Kong. China.
385. KFBG
Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong. Current as: KFBG (herps). Hong Kong. China.
386. MSLKHC
Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Sha Tin [Shatin]. Formerly: Marine Science Laboratory (MSL, 1970–2002). Obsolete as: MSL, MSLH. Current as: MSLKHC. Also as: CUHK. Hong Kong. China.
387. SHGM
Stephen Hui Geological Museum, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong. Current as: SHGM (fossils). See also: SWIMS. Hong Kong. China.
388. SWIMS
Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong. Note: division of Hong Kong University School of Biological Science. Current as: SWIMS (fishes). See also: SHGM. Hong Kong. China.
389. HACW
College of Fishery, Huazhong Agriculture Collection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan. Hubei. China.
390. HGM
Hubei Geological Museum, Wuhan. Current as: HGM (fossils). Hubei. China.
391. IHB
Museum for Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Wuhan. Includes: specimens from Zhuhai Fisheries Science Research Institute (ZX). Note: established in 1950 via merger involving Institute of Zoology of Academia Sinica located in Shanghai (ZIAS); relocated to Wuhan in 1954. Obsolete as: IHASW, IHBCAS, IHCAS. Current as: IHB (fishes). Hubei. China.
392. WGSC
Wuhan Centre of China Geological Survey, Wuhan. Current as: WGSC V (fossils). Hubei. China.
393. YAGM
Yuan'an Geological Museum, Yuan'an County, Yichang. Current as: YAGM V (fossils). Hubei. China.
394. YDENGP
Yunxian Dinosaur Eggs National Geological Park, Shiyan. Also known as: Qinglong Mountain Dinosaur Egg Fossils Park; Qinglongshan Dinosaur Egg National Geopark (QDENG); Qinglongshan National Geopark. Current as: TML (fossils in Tumiaoling in-situ exhibition hall), YDENGP (hadrosauroid fossils from Lijiagou locality). Hubei. China.
395. YIGMR
Wuhan Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Wuhan. Formerly: Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Yichang. Current as: YIGMR (fossils). Also as: YIGM (fossils). Hubei. China.
396. FRIHP
Fisheries Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha. Hunan. China.
397. HHNNR
Management Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Shimen County. Current as: HHNNR (fishes). Hunan. China.
398. HNUL
Zoological Museum of Hunan Normal University, Changsha. Current as: HNUL. Also as: HNU, HNNU, HNNUL. Hunan. China.
399. ELDM
Erlianhaote Dinosaur Museum, Erenhot [Erlian]. Also known as: Dinosaur Museum of Erenhot. Current as: ELDM (fossils). Inner Mongolia. China.
400. IMM
Inner Mongolia Museum, Hohhot. Inner Mongolia. China.
401. LH
Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Hohhot. Current as: LH V (vertebrate fossils). Inner Mongolia. China.
402. FFRIJ
Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing. Obsolete as: JS. Current as: FFRIJ. Jiangsu. China.
403. MMNHN
Nanjing Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Nanjing. Formerly: Metropolitan Museum of Natural History. Jiangsu. China.
404. NIGLAS
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Nanjing. Formerly: Geographic Institute of China (1940–1953). Obsolete as: NIG, NIGL, NGI. Current as: NIGLAS. See also: NIGP (fossils). Jiangsu. China.
405. NIGP
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica (NIGPAS) [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Nanjing. Note: fossil collection descended from Institute of Geology founded in 1928. Obsolete as: GMN, MV. Current as: NIGP (fossils). Also as: NIGPCAS. See also: NIGLAS (fishes). Jiangsu. China.
406. NJNU
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing. Obsolete as: NNC, NNU (herps). Current as: NJNU (herps). Also as: NJNUh (herps). Jiangsu. China.
407. NRIBAS
National Research Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Nanjing. Formerly: Museum of the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China (SSCN), established in 1922. Also as: SSCN. Jiangsu. China.
408. JLUM
Jilin University Museum, Changchun. Note: as of 2000, Jilin University is a merger of multiple universities including Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST). Current as: JLUM (fossils). Also as: CAD (Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, fossils), CUST (fossils associated with Changchun University of Science and Technology), RCPS CDA (Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy). Jilin. China.
409. BPM
Beipiao Paleontological Museum, Beipiao. Also known as: Liaoning Paleontological Museum (LPM), but that name also applied to separate museum in Shenyang. Obsolete as: LPM. Current as: BPM (fossils). See also: PMOL. Liaoning. China.
410. BXGM
Benxi Geological Museum, Benxi. Current as: BXGM (fossils). Liaoning. China.
411. CYH
Chaoyang Bird Fossil National Geopark, Chaoyang. Also known as: Bird Fossil National Geological Park. Current as: CYH (fossils). Also as: CYGB. Liaoning. China.
412. DFI
Dalian Fisheries Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian. Also known as: Liaoning Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Liaoning. China.
413. JZMP
Jinzhou Museum of Paleontology, Jinzhou. Obsolete as: JMP. Current as: JZMP (fossils). Liaoning. China.
414. JZT
Jizantang Paleontological Museum, Chaoyang. Note: some fossils donated to Shanghai Natural History Museum (SNHM). Obsolete as: CJPM. Current as: JZT (fossils). Liaoning. China.
415. PMOL
Paleontological Museum of Liaoning, Shenyang. Also known as: Liaoning Paleontological Museum (LPM), but that name also applied to separate museum in Beipiao. Note: museum on campus of Shenyang Normal University. Obsolete as: LPM. Current as: PMOL (fossils), PMOL-SGP (fossils, Sino-German Cooperation Project). See also: BPM. Liaoning. China.
416. RIFFL
Research Institute for Freshwater Fisheries of Liaoning Province, Liaoyang. Liaoning. China.
417. SYNU
Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang. Current as: SYNU (herps). Liaoning. China.
418. XHPM
Xinghai Paleontological Museum of Dalian, Dalian. Also known as: Dalian Natural History Museum. Obsolete as: D, DLNM, DMNH, DNHM, DNM. Current as: XHPM (fossils). Liaoning. China.
419. YHZ
Yizhou Fossil Museum, Yixian. Current as: YHZ (fossils). Liaoning. China.
420. NXU
Ningxia University, Yinchuan. Ningxia Hui. China.
421. NWIPB
Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Xining. Obsolete as: NPIB. Current as: NWIPB. Qinghai. China.
422. GSW
Shaanxi Nature Museum, Xi'an [Xian]. Current as: GSW (fossils). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
423. IZSNU
Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an [Xian]. Current as: IZSNU. Also as: DBSNU (Department of Biology), SNUIZ (fishes). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
424. IZSX
Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an [Xian]. Also known as: Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoological Species. Note: established in 1978 based on Shaanxi Institute of Biology and the SAS Survey Team for Qinling Biological Resources. Current as: IZSX. Also as: SIZ (herps). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
425. NAFU
Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (NWAFU), Yangling. Note: established in 1999 via merger of seven institutions including Northwest Forestry College (NCF); much of historical herp collection, including holotype of Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan 1983, lost due to inactivity. Obsolete as: NCF. Current as: NAFU (herps). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
426. EPC
Private collection of Marco Endruweit, Qingdao. Shandong. China.
427. IOCAS
Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Qingdao. Formerly: Nanhai Oceanographic Institute. Note: Marine Biological Museum founded in 1950. Obsolete as: ASIO, NOI. Current as: IOCAS (fishes). Also as: MBM or MBMCAS (Marine Biological Museum). Shandong. China.
428. OUC
Ocean University of China [Haida], Qingdao. Shandong. China.
429. SDUST
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao. Current as: SDUST (fossils). Shandong. China.
430. STM
Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi. Current as: STM (fossils). Shandong. China.
431. YT
Ludong University, Yantai. Formerly: Yantai Normal College (1958–1984) and University (1984–2006). Shandong. China.
432. ZCDM
Zhucheng Dinosaur Museum, Zhucheng. In error as: ZDCM (fossils). Current as: ZCDM (fossils). Shandong. China.
433. BDSSI
Laboratory of the Biology Department, Shanghai Science Institute, Shanghai. Note: present status unknown. Shanghai. China.
434. DHFRI
Dong Hai [Donghai] Fishery Research Institute, Shanghai. Shanghai. China.
435. ECSFI
East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS), Shanghai. Shanghai. China.
436. FU
Fudan University, Department of Biology, Shanghai. In error as: Fujian University (Wallach et al., 2014; holotype of Trimeresurus tibetanus is from Fudan University). Also as: FDU (herps). Shanghai. China.
437. SFU
Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU, SOU), Shanghai. Formerly: Shanghai Fisheries College (SFC, 1952–1985), Shanghai Fisheries University (SFU, 1985–2008). Obsolete as: SFC. Current as: SFU. Shanghai. China.
438. SNHM
Shanghai Natural History Museum, Jing'an, Shanghai. Note: established in 1956 based on collections from the Xujiahui Museum founded in 1868 (renamed Zhendan Museum in 1933) and Shanghai Museum of the Asiatic Society founded in 1874; SNHM merged with Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in 2001. Current as: SNHM. Also as: SMNH, SMNHC. Shanghai. China.
439. SXMG
Shanxi Museum of Geology, Taiyuan. Current as: SXMG (fossils). Shanxi. China.
440. CCCGS
Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (CIGMRC), Chengdu. Also known as: Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey. Obsolete as: CGS. Current as: CCCGS (fossils), LPV (Luoping County Vertebrate fossil collection). Sichuan. China.
441. CIB
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Chengdu. Formerly: Sichuan Biological Research Institute (SBRI). Obsolete as: CIS, SBRI, SERI, SIBAC (Southwest Institute of Biology), ZS. Current as: CIB. Sichuan. China.
442. CWNU
China West Normal University, Nanchong. Current as: CWNU (herps). Sichuan. China.
443. NRIS
Natural Resource Institute of Sichuan Province, Chengdu. Current as: NRIS (fishes). Also as: MSINR, SPNRI (fishes). Sichuan. China.
444. QW
Leshan Giant Buddha Museum, Leshan. Current as: QW (fossils). Sichuan. China.
445. SCUM
Sichuan University Museum, Chengdu. Formerly: West China Union University Museum (WCUUM). Obsolete as: WCUUM. Current as: SCUM. Sichuan. China.
446. SICAU
Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an. Formerly: Sichuan Agricultural College (1956–1985). Note: SICAU with three campuses in Chengdu, Ya'an and Dujiangyan. Obsolete as: SAUS. Current as: SICAU (fishes, herps; Ya'an campus). Also as: SAU (fishes; Ya'an campus). Sichuan. China.
447. SNC
Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu. Formerly: Sichuan Teachers College (1952–1985). Current as: SNC (fishes). Also as: SCNU (herps). Sichuan. China.
448. YBU
Yibin University, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin. Note: GP refers to personal catalogue numbers of Guo Peng. Current as: YBU (herps). Sichuan. China.
449. ZDM
Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Zigong. Current as: ZDM (fossils). Sichuan. China.
450. NUMZ
Nankai University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Science, Museum of Zoology, Tianjin. Tianjin. China.
451. TNZ
Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin. Formerly: Musée Hoang-ho Pai-ho, founded in 1914. Tianjin. China.
452. CPM
Chuxiong Prefectural Museum, Chuxiong. Note: established in 1993. Current as: CPM (fossils). Also as: CXMVZA (fossils). Yunnan. China.
453. FAQ
Fisheries Administration of Qujing, Qujing. Yunnan. China.
454. FAQB
Fishery Administration of Qiubei, Qiubei. Current as: FAQB (fishes). Yunnan. China.
455. HRA
Heilongtan Reservoir Administration, Shilin County. Also as: RHLCY, RHS, HRSC, HRAS. Yunnan. China.
456. KIZ
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming. Current as: KIZ (fishes, herps). Yunnan. China.
457. KMV
Kunming Municipal Museum, Kunming. Current as: KMV (fossils). Yunnan. China.
458. LDM
Lufeng Dinosaur Museum, Lufeng. Current as: LDM-LCA (fossils from Lufeng County, Chuanjie Township, A'na Village), LFGT LDM (fossils associated with Bureau of Land and Resources of Lufeng County). Yunnan. China.
459. MSTFM
Middle School of the Third Factory Machinery, Luliang, Qujing. Also known as: private collection of W.X. Li (Li). Yunnan. China.
460. QAMS
Qujing Aquatic Management Station, Qujing. Also as: YQAMS. Yunnan. China.
461. SWFU
Southwest Forestry University, Museum of Zoology, Kunming. Formerly: Southwest Forestry College (SWFC) until 2010. Obsolete as: SFU, SWFC, SWUF. Current as: SWFU (fishes). Yunnan. China.
462. YNUK
Yunnan Normal University, Biology Department, Kunming. Obsolete as: YU. Current as: YNUK. Yunnan. China.
463. YU
Yunnan University, Department of Biology, Kunming. Formerly: Private University of the Eastern Land (1922–1934). Current as: YU (herps). Also as: MZYU. See also: YNUK (separate institution). Yunnan. China.
464. HTC
Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou. Zhejiang. China.
465. LFZFC
Laboratory of Fishes, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan [Chusan]. Formerly: Zhejiang Fisheries College. Zhejiang. China.
466. TTM
Tiantai Museum, Tiantai. Current as: TTM (fossils). Zhejiang. China.
467. ZJU
Zhejiang University [Che Kiang University], Hangzhou. Includes: three historical universities (Hangzhou University, Zhejiang Agricultural University and Zhejian Medical University) combined with Zhejiang University in 1998. Current as: ZJU (reptiles). Also as: HU (amphibians). Zhejiang. China.
468. ZMNH
Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou. Formerly: West Lake Museum (WLMH, 1929–1952); Zhejiang Provincial Museum (ZPM, 1952–1984). Obsolete as: WLMH, ZH, ZPM. Current as: ZMNH (fishes, herps, fossils), ZMNH M (fossils). Zhejiang. China.
469. SINCHI
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI, Leticia. Current as: CIACOL (fishes, Colección Ictiológica de la Amazonía Colombiana), SINCHI-R (reptiles). Also as: SINCHI-CIACOL (fishes). Amazonas. Colombia.
470. CIUA
Colección de Ictiología del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. Note: collection separate from Museo Universitario, Universidade de Antioquia (MUA). Current as: CIUA (fishes). See also: MUA (fishes), MHUA (herps). Antioquia. Colombia.
471. CP-UCO
Colección de Peces, Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro. Current as: CP-UCO (fishes). Antioquia. Colombia.
472. CSJ
Colegio de San José, Museo de Historia Natural, Medellín. Note: administered by Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales. Current as: CSJ-I (fishes), CSJ-H (herps). Also as: MHNCSJ (herps). Antioquia. Colombia.
473. MHUA
Museo de Herpetología de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. Note: established in 1998 and administered by Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia (GHA). Current as: MHUA-A (amphibians), MHUA-R (reptiles), MHUA-L (larvae). See also: CIUA (fishes), MUA (fishes). Antioquia. Colombia.
474. MUA
Colección de Ciencias Naturales, Museo Universitario, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. Note: collection separate from Colección de Ictiología, Universidad de Antioquia (CIUA). Current as: MUA (fishes). Also as: MUUA. See also: CIUA (fishes), MHUA (herps). Antioquia. Colombia.
475. CAR
Private collection of Carlos A. Ardila Rodríguez, Barranquilla. Current as: CAR (fishes). Atlántico. Colombia.
476. CBB
Colegio Biffi La Salle, Barranquilla. Note: small natural history collection assembled in the early to mid 1900s by Brothers of the De La Salle religious order; part of collection lost during transport to new building; current status unknown. Atlántico. Colombia.
477. UARC
museo de colecciones científicas, programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico [Uniatlántico], Barranquilla. Current as: UARC-IC (fishes). Atlántico. Colombia.
478. CIP
Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente (INDERENA), Cartagena. Note: INDERENA is a government environmental agency created in 1968 and replaced by Ministerio del Medio Ambiente in 1993; CIP transfered to the Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (INPA) in 1990; status unknown, collections perhaps lost. See also: IND (Bogotá, Distrito Capital). Bolívar. Colombia.
479. CFSTA
Colección privada de la Fundación Santa Teresa de Ávila, Villa de Leyva. Current as: CFSTA (fossils). Boyacá. Colombia.
480. CIP
Colección privada del Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Villa de Leyva. Current as: CIP (fossils). Boyacá. Colombia.
481. IAvH
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva. Includes: amphibian collection from Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente (IND-Am); freshwater fishes (including types of Corydoras) originally deposited at Museo del Mar (MM), Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano (UBJTL/UBJTLMM) and later transferred to INVEMAR (some apparently lost during transfers). Obsolete as: IAVHP (fishes). Current as: IAvH-CB (Colecciones Biológicas), IAvH-CT (tissue collection), IAvH-P (fishes), IAvH-Am (amphibians), IAvH-R (reptiles). See also: INVEMAR. Boyacá. Colombia.
482. MJACM
Museo de la Junta de Acción Comunal de la vereda Monquirá, Villa de Leyva. Current as: MJACM (fossils). Boyacá. Colombia.
483. UN MPVL
Colecciones paleontológicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villa de Leyva. Current as: UN MPVL (fossils). See also: UN ICNMHNR (Bogotá, Distrito Capital). Boyacá. Colombia.
484. MHN-UCa
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales. Obsolete as: MHNUC (herps). Current as: MHN-UCa (herps). Caldas. Colombia.
485. UAM
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de la Amazonía, Florencia. Current as: UAM. Caquetá. Colombia.
486. MHNUC
Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Cauca, Popayán. Obsolete as: UCP. Current as: MHNUC (fishes), MHNUC-Cr (Crocodylia), MHNUC-Te (Testudinata), MHNUC-Sa (Sauria), MHNUC-Se (Serpentes). Cauca. Colombia.
487. PNNG
Colección de Referencia del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Estación Científica “Henry von Prahl”, Isla Gorgona. Current as: MMGPe (fishes, Museo Marino Gorgona Peces). Also as: CR PNNG. Cauca. Colombia.
488. UTCH
Colección Científica de Referencia Zoológica del Chocó, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH), Quibdó. Current as: CHbCH (fishes, Colección Hidrobiológica), COLZOOCH-H (herps, administered by Grupo de Investigaciones en Herpetología). Chocó. Colombia.
489. ANDES
Museo de Historia Natural Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá. Obsolete as: ULAB. Current as: ANDES-A (amphibians), ANDES-R (non-avian reptiles), ANDES-I (fishes). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
490. ICN-MHN
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Note: zoological collections began in 1938, fish collection in 1941. Includes: fishes collected by Cecil Miles and George Dahl. Obsolete as: I.C.N.B. (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogotá), ICNMHN, ICNMNH, ICN/MHN, MHN-UNC, MHNUNC. Current as: ICN-MHN (fishes), ICN (herps). See also: UN ICNMHNR (fossils). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
491. IND
Laboratoria de Fauna, Division de Fauna Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente (INDERENA), Bogotá. Note: government environmental agency created in 1968 and replaced by Ministerio del Medio Ambiente in 1993; amphibian collection (IND-Am) transferred to Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-Am). See also: CIP (Cartagena, Bolívar). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
492. INS-SR
Serpentario del Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá. Current as: INS-SR (herps). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
493. MCUB
Colección de Referencia del Museo de Ciencias, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá. Current as: MCUB-R-PE (fishes), MCUB-R-RE (herps). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
494. MLS
Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle, Bogotá. Note: original collection destroyed by fire 9–10 Apr 1948. Obsolete as: ILS (Instituto de La Salle). Current as: MLS (fishes, herps). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
495. MPUJ
Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural “Lorenzo Uribe, S.J.”, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. Current as: MPUJ (fishes). Also as: MUJ (herps). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
496. MUD
Museo de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá. Distrito Capital. Colombia.
497. SGC
Museo Geológico José Royo y Gómez, Instituto de Investigaciones en Geociencias, Minería y Química, Servicio Geológico Colombiano [formerly INGEOMINAS], Bogotá. Also known as: Museo Geológico Nacional; Geological Survey of Colombia. Formerly: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geológico Mineras (1968–1991). Obsolete as: ING, INIGM (fossils). Current as: SGC (fossils) followed by a variety of collection codes (e.g., DON, IGMp, IPN, MP, OB, RB, VL). Also as: DON (fossils), IGM, IGMp (fossil sharks), IPN-EAC, MGJRG IPN and IPN/MGJRG (fossil turtles). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
498. UN ICNMHNR
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Geociencias, Colecciones paleontológicas, Bogotá. Obsolete as: UN-DG. Current as: UN ICNMHNR (fossils). See also: ICN-MHN (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales), UN MPVL (fossils, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
499. INVEMAR
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis”, Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia (MHNMC), Rodadero Sur, Santa Marta. Formerly: Instituto Colombo-Alemán de Investigaciones Científicas Punta de Betín (ICAL, 1963–1974); Colección de Referencia de Organismos Marinos del Invemar (CRM, 1974–1994). Includes: marine fishes from Colección del Museo del Mar (MM), Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano (UBJTL/UBJTLMM), some apparently lost during transfer; marine fishes from INDERENA (received from IAvH). Current as: INVEMAR PEC (fishes cited in publications) and INV PEC (specimen labels and publications). Also as: INVEMAR, INVEMAR-P, INVEMAR-PEC & INV-PEC (fishes), MHNMC (IAvH registry). See also: IAvH. Magdalena. Colombia.
500. PSO-CZ
Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Nariño, San Juan de Pasto. Nariño. Colombia.
501. CSJP
Colégio San José de Pamplona, Pamplona. Also as: SJP. Norte de Santander. Colombia.
502. UQ
Universidad del Quindío, Armenia. Current as: IUQ (fishes, Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología), HERPETOS-UQ (herps, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología [CIBUQ]). Quindío. Colombia.
503. CAC-CDMB
Colección Ictiológica de César A. Castellanos-Corporación Autónoma para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga. Current as: CAC-CDMB (fishes). Santander. Colombia.
504. MCG
Museo del Colegio San José de Guanentá, San Gil. Santander. Colombia.
505. UIS
Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga. Current as: UIS-T (fishes), UIS-R (reptiles). Also as: UIST (fishes). Santander. Colombia.
506. CZUT
Colección Zoológica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué. Current as: CZUT-IC (fishes). Tolima. Colombia.
507. IMCN
Colección Zoológica de Referencia Cientifica, Museo de Ciencias Naturales Federico Carlos Lehmann Valencia del INCIVA, Cali. Formerly: Museo Departamental de Historia Natural de Cali (1963–1974). Includes: some of Cecil Miles' fishes from Museo Ictiológico de la Escuela Superior de Agricultura Tropical (E.S.A.T.), Cali, and Facultad de Agronomía del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Palmira (now part of Universidad Nacional de Colombia); Miles' collection largely lost due to flood in 1980 and subsequent burial (48 lots unearthed in 1983 and eventually returned to IMCN). Note: Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Cali and Jardín Botánico Juan María Céspedes merged in 1979 to form Instituto Vallecaucano de Investigaciones Científicas (INCIVA), renamed Instituto para la Investigación y Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca in 2000 (abbreviation INCIVA retained). In error as: ICMN (fishes). Current as: IMCN (fishes). Also as: INCIVA (fishes). Valle del Cauca. Colombia.
508. UVC
Universidad del Valle (Univalle), Cali. Note: herps in teaching collection sometimes cited as CD (Colección Vertebrados de Docencia), separate from UVC (Coleccion de Anfibios y Reptiles). Obsolete as: UV, UV-C. Current as: CIRUV (fishes, Colección Ictiológica de Referencia), CIR-LV-UV (larval fishes, Colección de referencia de Biología Marina), UVC (herps). Valle del Cauca. Colombia.
509. CRH
Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira [formerly in Zaire]. Current as: CRH (fishes). Also as: CRHU. Sud-Kivu. Congo (DRC).
510. IRSEN
Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Brazzaville. Current as: IRSEN (herps). Sud-Kivu. Congo (RC).
511. ASL
Private collection of Alejandro Solórzano, Serpentario Nacional de Costa Rica, San José. San José. Costa Rica.
512. ICP
Instituto “Clodomiro Picado”, research unit of Universidad de Costa Rica, Coronado. Also as: MICP (herps). San José. Costa Rica.
513. MNCR
Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San José. San José. Costa Rica.
514. UCR
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca. Current as: UCR (fishes, herps). Also as: MZUCR (herps). San José. Costa Rica.
515. LHUC
Collection Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie lagunaire, Abidjan. Note: collection cited by Daget (1965) and presumably associated with Université de Cocody, formerly a campus of the University of Abidjan and renamed Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in 2012. See also: UFHB. Côte d'Ivoire.
516. NG
Research Collection of N'Goran Germain Kouamé, Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, Daloa. Current as: NG (herps). Côte d'Ivoire.
517. PPEF
Collection de la section Pêche et Pisciculture lagunaires des Eaux et Forêts, Abidjan. Note: collection cited by Daget (1965); status unknown. Assigned here: PPEF. Côte d'Ivoire.
518. STPB
Collection de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles de Bouaké, Bouaké. Note: collection cited by Daget (1965) and presumably associated with Université de Boukaé, formerly a campus of the University of Abidjan; status unknown. Assigned here: STPB. Côte d'Ivoire.
519. UFHB
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, U.F.R Biosciences, Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et d'Écotoxicologie des eaux (LHETE), Abidjan. Formerly: Université Nationale de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan (UAIC, UACI), Université de Cocody, Université de Cocody-Abidjan (UCA). Note: presumably includes collections associated with Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie lagunaire (LHUC). Obsolete as: UAIC, UACI. Current as: UFHB. Côte d'Ivoire.
520. IORD
Oceanographic and Fisheries Institute, Dubrovnik. Current as: IORD (fishes). Dubrovnik-Neretva. Croatia.
521. NHMD
Dubrovnik Natural History Museum, Dubrovnik. Dubrovnik-Neretva. Croatia.
522. CMRI
Centar za istraživanje mora, Institut Ruđer Bošković [Center for Marine Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute], Rovinj. Also known as: Center for Marine Research Rovinj; Rovinj Marine Station. Note: established in 1891 as field station of Berlin Zoological Garden and Aquarium; original institute demolished and collections transferred to Italy during WWII with historical specimens extant at Stazione Idrobiologica, Chioggia. Current as: CMRI (fishes). Also as: CMRR (bryozoans). Istria. Croatia.
523. PMR
Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka [Natural History Museum Rijeka], Rijeka. Current as: PMR. Also as: NHMR (herps), PMR VP (fishes). Primorje-Gorski Kotar. Croatia.
524. SE-IOR
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split. Current as: SE-IOR (fishes). Also as: IOR (fishes). Split-Dalmatia. Croatia.
525. CPZM
Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej [Croatian Natural History Museum], Zagreb. Includes: Hrvatski narodni zoološki muzej (HZM) [Croatian National Zoological Museum] and Geološko-paleontološki muzej [Geological-Palaeontological Museum], both descended from Narodni muzej [National Museum] established in 1846; Croatian Biospeleological Society Collection (CBSS); personal collection of Primož Zupančič (PZC). Obsolete as: HZM. Current as: CPZM (fishes). Also as: CNHM (fishes, herps, fossils). Zagreb. Croatia.
526. HDBI
Hrvatsko društvo za biološka istraživanja [Croatian Biological Research Society], Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Zagrebu. Current as: HDBI. Zagreb. Croatia.
527. PMF
Zoologijski zavod, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu [Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb], Zagrebu. Obsolete as: ZU, ZZSZ. Current as: PMF (fishes). Also as: ZIUZ (fishes, herps). Zagreb. Croatia.
528. MHNCT
Museo de Historia Natural Carlos de la Torre y Huerta, Holguín. Current as: MHNCT. Also as: MHNH (herps). Holguín. Cuba.
529. ANC
Acuario Nacional de Cuba, La Habana [Havana]. Includes: fish collection from Centro de Colecciones Naturales Marinas (CCNM), Instituto de Oceanología, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, La Habana (IdO, IOH) transferred in 2005; fishes from Orlando H. Garrido (OHG). Current as: ANC (fishes, Colección de Peces), IdO (fishes, Instituto de Oceanología). La Habana. Cuba.
530. CARE
Private collection of Alberto R. Estrada, La Habana [Havana]. La Habana. Cuba.
531. CZACC
Colecciones Zoológicas de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática (IES), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), La Habana [Havana]. Includes: Charles T. Ramsden hepetological collection (CTR); herps from Orlando H. Garrido (OHG). Note: created in 1987 to house specimens formerly in Instituto de Zoología (IZ or IZAC) and its predecessor, Instituto de Biología (IB); IB & IZ specimens recataloged with new CZACC numbers. Current as: CZACC (herps). Also as: IES (herps), IZAC (fishes). La Habana. Cuba.
532. DZUH
Departamento de Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana [Havana]. See also: MFP. La Habana. Cuba.
533. MBZH
Museo y Biblioteca de Zoología, La Habana [Havana]. Note: current status unknown. La Habana. Cuba.
534. MFP
Museo de Historia Natural Felipe Poey, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana [Havana]. Also known as: Museo Felipe Poey. Formerly: Museo de Historia Natural de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de La Habana established in 1842. Obsolete as: UHMP (fishes). Current as: MFP (fishes, herps). See also: DZUH (Departamento de Zoologia). La Habana. Cuba.
535. MNHNCu
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba, La Habana [Havana]. Formerly: Museo de Ciencias Felipe Poey (1962–1980), preceded by Museo Cubano de Ciencias Naturales (1959–1961). Includes: herps from Ansel Fong G. (AFG). Current as: MNHNCu (herps, fossils). La Habana. Cuba.
536. OHG
Private fish and herp collection of Orlando H. Garrido, La Habana [Havana]. Note: some herps deposited at CZACC and some fishes at ANC. La Habana. Cuba.
537. AFG
Private herp collection of Ansel Fong G. Note: some specimens deposited at BSC and MNHNCu. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba.
538. BSC
Herpetological Collection of Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay”, Santiago de Cuba. Includes: herps from Ansel Fong G. (AFG). Current as: BSC.H (herps). Santiago de Cuba. Cuba.
539. KMΦI
Cyprus Museum of Natural History, Dali. Note: established in 1996 by Photos Photiades Foundation. Assigned here: KMΦI (Kυπριακó Moυσεío Φυσικς Iστoρíας). Cyprus.
540. AFG
Private herp collection of Bohumil Král, Brně [Brno]. Note: based on publications; whereabouts of collection unknown. Jihomoravský [South Moravian]. Czech Republic.
541. MZM
Moravské zemské muzeum [Moravian Museum], Brně [Brno]. Also known as: Mährische Landesmuseum. Obsolete as: LMB. Current as: MMB (fishes, herps), MZM Ge (fossils). Also as: MMB-Ge (fossils). Jihomoravský [South Moravian]. Czech Republic.
542. VMO
Vlastivědné muzeum v Olomouci, Olomouc. Current as: VMO (sharks). Olomoucký [Olomouc]. Czech Republic.
543. CHMHZ
Chlupáč's Museum of Earth History, Univerzita Karlova [Charles University], Praha [Prague]. Also known as: Chlupáčovo muzeum historie Země. Includes: collection of Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Univerzita Karlova [Charles University]. Obsolete as: DP-FNSP, DPFNSP (fossils, Department of Paleontology). Current as: CHMHZ (fossils). See also: CUP (Recent fishes, herps). Praha [Prague]. Czech Republic.
544. CUP
Univerzita Karlova [Charles University], Praha [Prague]. Includes: fish types of Vadim Vladykov. Obsolete as: DZCHU, ZICU, ZICUP. Current as: CUP (fishes, herps). See also: CHMHZ (fossils). Praha [Prague]. Czech Republic.
545. NMP
Národní muzeum [National Museum], Praha [Prague]. Formerly: Patriotic Museum, Bohemian Museum, Museum of the Bohemian Kingdom. Includes: fish types of Vadim Vladykov. Obsolete as: MHP, MNHP. Current as: NMP (fishes), NMP-P6V (herps). Also as: NMP6V (The Reptile Database). Praha [Prague]. Czech Republic.
546. SJB
Private collection of Jörg Bohlen, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov. Current as: SJB (fishes). Středočeský [Central Bohemian]. Czech Republic.
547. MMUL
Muzeum města Ústí nad Labem [Municipal Museum of Ústí nad Labem], Ústí nad Labem [Aussig]. Current as: MMUL. Ústí nad Labem [Ústecký]. Czech Republic.
548. OMM
Oblastní muzeum v Mostě, Mostě [Most]. Current as: OMM (fossils). Ústí nad Labem [Ústecký]. Czech Republic.
549. SGDB
Sbírky geologie Doly Bílina [Bílina Mines Geology Collection], Bílina Mine Headquarters, Bílina. Also known as: geological collection of the Bílina opencast mine. Current as: SGDB (fossils). Also as: DB (fossil fishes). Ústí nad Labem [Ústecký]. Czech Republic.
550. IAPG
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Liběchov. Current as: IAPG (fishes). Středočeský [Central Bohemian]. Czech Republic.
551. DBP
Den Blå Planet, National Aquarium Denmark, Kastrup. Current as: DBP (fishes). Denmark.
552. MBLC
Marine Biological Laboratory, Københavns Universitet [University of Copenhagen], Copenhagen. See also: NHMD. Denmark.
553. NHMA
Naturhistorisk Museum Aarhus, Århus [Aarhus]. Current as: NHMA (all collections). Denmark.
554. NHMD
Statens Naturhistoriske Museum (SNM), Københavns Universitet [Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen], Copenhagen. Note: established in 2004 via merger of Botanic Garden, Botanical Museum and Library, Geological Museum [Museum Geologicum Universitatis Hafniensis (MGUH)] and Zoological Museum [Zoologisk Museum (ZMUC)]. Obsolete as: UZM, UZMK. Current as: ZMUC-P (fishes), ZMUC-R (herps), MGUH.VP (fossils). Also as: NHMD (fossils). See also: MBLC (Marine Biological Laboratory). Denmark.
555. MHD
Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Santo Domingo. Current as: MHD (fossils). Dominican Republic.
556. MNHNSD
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Professor Eugenio de Jesús Marcano, Santo Domingo. Current as: MNHNSD (fishes, herps). Dominican Republic.
557. MZUA
Museo de Zoología, Universidad del Azuay (UDA), Cuenca. Obsolete as: UDAR, Z00A.V.Pe. (fishes). Current as: MZUA (herps), ZOOA.V.Pe. (fishes). Azuay. Ecuador.
558. CEMZ
Colección de peces de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas. Current as: CEMZ-P (fishes). Esmeraldas. Ecuador.
559. VCCDRS
Vertebrate Collection, Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz. Also known as: museo de vertebrados. Current as: VCCDRS. Also as: CDRS, MVECCD (herps). Galápagos. Ecuador.
560. INHMT
Instituto de Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Guayaquil. Note: currently known as Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI). Guayas. Ecuador.
561. MUGT
Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil [University of Guayaquil], Guayaquil. Obsolete as: MFCN-UG, UG. Current as: MUGT (fishes). Guayas. Ecuador.
562. CJ
Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga, Quito. Current as: CJ (amphibians). Pichincha. Ecuador.
563. MECN
Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito. Note: created as government organization in 1977; associated with Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), public research institute created in 2014. Current as: MECN (fishes, herps). Also as: MECN-DP (fishes), DHMECN (División de Herpetología, herps). Pichincha. Ecuador.
564. MEPN
Museo de Historia Natural “Gustavo Orcés V.”, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito. Note: collection originally included fossils from “Gabinete de Ciencias Naturales” de la Universidad Central, and those collected by Robert Hoffstetter from 1946–1952, but part of that material sent to European collections between 1950s and 1990s. Current as: EPN V (fossil vertebrates), MEPN (fishes, herps). Pichincha. Ecuador.
565. MZUTI
Museo de Zoología, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito. Current as: MZUTI (herps). Pichincha. Ecuador.
566. QCAZ
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. Includes: Eugenia del Pino Collection (EDP). Current as: QCAZ. Pichincha. Ecuador.
567. USFQ
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito. Current as: DFCH-USFQ (herps, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia collection), FHGO-USFQ (herps, Fundación Herpetológica G. Orcés collection deposited at USFQ). Also as: FHGO. Pichincha. Ecuador.
568. AUZC
Al-Azhar University Zoological Collection, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo. Note: smaller collections of fishes and other fauna associated with other Al-Azhar campuses (e.g., Asyut), but not part of AUZC. Current as: AUZC (herps). Egypt.
569. CGM
Egyptian Geological Museum, Cairo. Also known as: Cairo Geological Museum. Note: museum established in 1904 as part of the Egyptian Geological Survey (EGS) founded in 1896. Current as: CGM (fossils). Egypt.
570. MBSH
Marine Biological Station Hurghada [Al-Ghardaqa], National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Hurghada [Al-Ghardaqa]. Egypt.
571. MUVP
Mansoura University Vertebrate Paleontology Center, Department of Geology, Mansoura. Current as: MUVP (fossils). Egypt.
572. ICMARES
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador. Note: collections assembled in the 1950s and associated with the Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Científicas (ITIC) were neglected and eventually lost; current fish collection established ca. 2005. Current as: ICMARES (fishes). El Salvador.
573. MUHNES
Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvador, San Salvador. Note: fish collection established in 1970, but damaged during earthquake in 2001. Current as: MUHNES (fishes, herps). El Salvador.
574. MNCS
Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Mai-Nefhi College of Science, Eritrea Institute of Technology (EIT). Note: small collection of marine fishes lacking catalog numbers and staff. Assigned here: MNCS. Eritrea.
575. NME
National Museum of Eritrea, Asmara. Includes: fossils of Dandiero Basin collection areas Dioli (DAN), Uadi [Wadi] Aalad (UA), Uadi [Wadi] Maebele (MHB). Current as: NME. Eritrea.
576. NRSM
The Northern Red Sea Museum, Massawa. Also known as: The Massawa Museum. Includes: fossils of Mulhuli-Amo collection area (MA). Note: established in 2000. Assigned here: NRSM (fossils). Eritrea.
577. GIT
Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn. Current as: GIT (fossils). Also as: Pi (fossils). Estonia.
578. TAMZ
Eesti Loodusmuuseum [Estonian Museum of Natural History], Tallinn. Current as: TAMZ (fishes, herps), TAMG (fossils). Estonia.
579. TUZ
University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Tartu. Obsolete as: MZT (Zoological Museum, Tartu). Current as: TUZ (fishes), TUG (fossils). Estonia.
580. EBI
Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa. Formerly: Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC, 2004–2013), preceded by Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research (IBCR, 1998–2004). Ethiopia.
581. MA
Awash National Park. Note: status of zoological collections unknown. Ethiopia.
582. ZNHM-AAU
Zoological Natural History Museum, Addis Ababa University. Obsolete as: AAU, NHMAA. Current as: ZNHM-AAU. Ethiopia.
583. NHMT
Natural History Museum, Tórshavn. Faroe Islands (Denmark).
584. USPS
University of the South Pacific, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Marine Studies, Suva. Obsolete as: USP. Current as: SUVA H (herps), USPS (fishes). Fiji.
585. MZH
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki. Also as: ZMUH (birds). Finland.
586. UAZM
Åbo Akademi University, Zoological Museum, Turku. Finland.
587. Rh-E.F.
Musée Yves-Machelon, Gannat. Also known as: Musée de Gannat; Natural History Museum of Gannat. Obsolete as: MGF. Current as: Rh-E.F. (fossils). Allier. France.
588. RGHP
Réserve naturelle géologique de Haute-Provence, Digne-les-Bains. Current as: RGHP (fossils). Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. France.
589. MHNN
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Nice, Nice. Also as: MHNNice. Alpes-Maritimes. France.
590. MDE
Le Musée des Dinosaures, Espéraza. Obsolete as: ME. Current as: MDE (fossils). Aude. France.
591. MZUS
Musée Zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg. Includes: natural history collections of Johann Hermann, (purchased in 1802) and Université Louis-Pasteur. Note: partially destroyed in 1943–1944 during WWII; Université de Strasbourg separated into three institutions including Université Louis-Pasteur (Strasbourg I) from 1970 to 2009. Also as: MZS Bas-Rhin. France.
592. MMNH
Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille, Marseille. Current as: MMNH (herps). Also as: MHNM (fossils), MHNMF (herps). Bouches-du-Rhône. France.
593. MMS
Musée du Moulin Seigneurial, Velaux. Current as: MMS (fossils). Bouches-du-Rhône. France.
594. LMA
Le Musée d'Angoulême, Angoulême. Formerly: Musée des beaux-arts d'Angoulême. Current as: ANG (fossils, Angeac-Charente Collection), CHE (fossils, Cherves-de-Cognac Collection). Charente. France.
595. IFREMER
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, La Rochelle. Note: fish types moved to Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN) and Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle (MHNRL). Charente-Maritime. France.
596. MHNLR
Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle, La Rochelle. Includes: fish types from IFREMER. Current as: MHNLR (fishes). Also as: MHNR (herps). Charente-Maritime. France.
597. MO
Le Musée de l'île d'Oléron, Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron. Current as: MO (fossils). Charente-Maritime. France.
598. LBG-UD
Laboratoire Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne [University of Burgundy], Dijon. Current as: LBG-UD (fossils). Côte-d'Or. France.
599. MMBR
Musée de la Marine, Brest. Finistère. France.
600. MHNB
Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, Bordeaux. Current as: MHNB (fossils). Gironde. France.
601. UAG
Université des Antilles [University of the French West Indies], Guadaloupe. Formerly: Centre Université Antilles-Guyane, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Animales. Guadaloupe. France.
602. IPG
Institut Pasteur de Guyane, Cayenne. Guiana [French Guiana]. France.
603. LIAT
Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie Appliquée, École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Auzeville-Tolosane. Haute-Garonne. France.
604. MHNT
Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la ville de Toulouse. Also known as: Musée de Toulouse (MT). Current as: MHNT (fossils). Also as: MT. Haute-Garonne. France.
605. BEV
Collection Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, Laboratoire de biogéographie et écologie des vertébrés, Montpellier. Note: collection established in 1967 and housed at Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE) established in 1987 under the guardianship of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) among others. Obsolete as: LBEV, LBUM (Laboratoire de Biogéographie, Université de Montpellier; presumably same as BEV collection). Current as: BEV (herps). Also as: EPHE (herps). See also: USTL. Hérault. France.
606. CW-C
Collection of Alexandre Westphal-Castelnau, L'École nationale supérieure agronomique de Montpellier (ENSAM), Montpellier. Note: specimens transferred to Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Hérault. France.
607. MC
Musée de Cruzy, Cruzy. Current as: MC (fossils). Hérault. France.
608. MPDM
Musée Parc des Dinosaures, Mèze. Current as: MPDM (fossils). Hérault. France.
609. USTL
Université de Montpellier, Montpellier. Note: collections originally associated with Faculté des Sciences created in 1808 which became Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc (USTL), administratively known as Université Montpellier 2, in 1968; Montpellier 1 & 2 universities began to merge in 2012 and the new Université de Montpellier was founded in 2015; historical collections partially destroyed in 1944 during World War II. Obsolete as: BRT, MM. Current as: USTL (fossils). Also as: ISE-M (Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, Université Montpellier 2), LG-FSM (Laboratoire de Geologie, fossils), UM (fossils). See also: BEV. Hérault. France.
610. MS
Musée du Savignéen, Savigné-sur-Lathan. Note: fossil specimens cited as year of registration (last three digits or all four), two-letter code for site and specimen number (e.g., 007-PM-295, 2012.VG.1). Current as: MS (general fossils), GM (fossils from La Guimardière), PM (fossils from Pelmer), VG (fossils from Vigneaux). Indre-et-Loire. France.
611. MAJ
Musée d'archéologie du Jura, Lons-le-Saunier. Current as: MAJ (fossils). Jura. France.
612. ISTPM
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes. Formerly: Institut Scientifique et Technique des Pêches Maritimes (1918–1984). Loire-Atlantique. France.
613. MHNNT
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nantes, Nantes. Loire-Atlantique. France.
614. FCL
Université Catholique Lyon, Lyon. Formerly: Faculté Catholique Lyon. Current as: FCL (fossils). Lyon. France.
615. MHNL
Musée des Confluences, Lyon. Formerly: Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon (MHNL), descended from Musée Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon (MG, MGL or MGHNL). Obsolete as: LMHN, MG, MGHNL, MGL, MMC. Current as: MHNL. Lyon. France.
616. UCBL
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, paleontology collection, Villeurbanne. Also known as: University of Lyon 1 (UL1). Note: includes fossils formerly in Faculté des Sciences de Lyon (FSL) at UCBL; collection distinct from musée des Confluences (MHNL). Obsolete as: CST (Centre des Sciences de la Terre), UL1. Current as: UCBL-FSL (fossils). Also as: CPS-UL, FSL (fossils). Lyon. France.
617. MAN
Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy, Institut de Zoologie, Université de Nancy, Nancy. Formerly: L'Ancienne Université, among others. Also as: MZN, MZUVN. Meurthe-et-Moselle. France.
618. MNHN
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Includes: herp collection of M. Alexandre Westphal-Castelnau formerly at L'École nationale supérieure agronomique de Montpellier (ENSAM); collections from Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelles, Université-Indochinoise, Hanoi (LSNUI) and Office de la Recherche scientifique et Technique d'Outre-mer (ORSTOM). Obsolete as: MHNP. Current as: MNHN (fishes, herps), MNHN TGE (fossils, ensemble divisions from Morocco, Algeria and Mali), MNHN.F (fossils). Also as: MNHNP (amphibians, fossils), MNHN-ZA (osteological specimens of fishes, amphibians, reptiles). Paris. France.
619. PGe
Collection of Philippe Geniez, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Paris. Current as: PGe (herps). Paris. France.
620. PMC
Collection de paléontologie, Sorbonne Université. Note: Sorbonne Université established in 2018 via merger of Université Paris-Sorbonne and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Also known as Université Paris VI). Obsolete as: UPVI. Current as: PMC (fossils, Laboratoire de Paléontologie des Vertébrés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie). Paris. France.
621. IES
Institut H. E. Sauvage, Saint-Étienne-au-Mont. Current as: IES (fishes). Pas-de-Calais. France.
622. MMB
Musée de la Mer, Biarritz. Also known as: Biarritz Aquarium. Pyrénées-Atlantiques. France.
623. MHN RUN
Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion. Obsolete as: URUN. Current as: MHN RUN (fishes). Also as: LEMUR (Laboratoire d'Écologie Marine, Université de La Réunion), MHNRUN (fishes). Réunion. France.
624. MHNH
Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle du Havre, Le Havre. Current as: MHNH (fossils). Also as: MHBR (fossils, Brun Collection). Seine-Maritime. France.
625. UP
Université de Poitiers, Poitiers. Current as: UP (fossils). Vienne. France.
626. CJG
Private fish collection of Jacques Géry (1917–2007). Note: no longer extant; some specimens deposited at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), Zoologische Staatsammlung München (ZSM), Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève (MHNG [as GSC]). France.
627. CLB
Private collection of Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857). Note: extant collections of fishes and herps currently at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP). France.
628. MH
Museo Humphrediano [Humphredianis]. Note: cited in Hermann (1804), perhaps in reference to private collection of Humphrey Waldo Sibthorp and/or his son John Sibthorp. France.
629. ORSTOM
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement. Formerly: Office de la Recherche scientifique et Technique d'Outre-mer. Note: multiple collections including those in Nouméa, New Caledonia; Dakar, Senegal (IRD); Trinidad, Bolivia; some collections moved to Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). France.
630. IRET
Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville. Note: founded in 1985. Gabon.
631. GNM
Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi [Tiflis]. Formerly: Georgian State Museum (GSM). Includes: collections of Georgian Institute of Paleobiology (IPGAS) and Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia (ZMT). Obsolete as: GSM (fossils), IP (fossils), TMT (Tiflis Museum). Current as: GNM (fishes, herps), IPGAS (fossils, Institue of Palaeobiology). See also: ZMT (history). Georgia.
632. ZIT
Ilia State University, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Collections, Tbilisi [Tiflis]. Formerly: Institute of Zoology, Georgian National Academy of Sciences (1941–2009), descended from the Georgian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Tbilisi State University. Current as: ZIT (amphibians). Georgia.
633. ZMT
Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia, Tbilisi [Tiflis]. Includes: collections of the Georgian Museum (1919–1947), formerly Caucasus Museum (1865–1919, also known as Caucasus Natural History Museum), descended from the Museum of the Caucasian Department of the Russian Royal Geographic Society founded in 1852. Note: museum incorporated into Georgian National Museum (GNM) in 2004. See also: GNM. Georgia.
634. AMRS
Abkhazian Museum of Regional Studies, Sukhumi [Sokhumi]. Also known as: Abkhazian State Museum of Local Lore. Current as: AMRS (fossils). Georgia [Abkhazia].
635. CGDBK
Collection Grande Duke of Baden, Karlsruhe. Current as: CGDBK (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
636. CTL
Private fish collection of Thomas Litz, Attenweiler. Note: some specimens deposited at Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y Antropología, Montevideo (MUNHINA) and Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM) with ZSM catalog numbers. Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
637. GEOW
Institut für Geowissenschaften Universität Heidelberg, Heidelburg. Current as: GEOW (fossils). See also: ZMUH. Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
638. GPIT
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen [University of Tübingen], Museum der Universität (MUT), Paläontologische Sammlung, Tübingen. Formerly: Institut für Geowissenschaften der Universität Tübingen. Obsolete as: TIMGP, UT. Current as: GPIT (fossils). Also as: Pi (fossils, but mistakenly associated with Georg-August-Universität). See also: ZST (herps). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
639. KEWI
Private fish collection of Kai Erik Witte, Tübingen. Note: some specimens deposited at Zoologische Staatsammlung München with ZSM catalog numbers. Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
640. MFB
Städtische Museen: Museum Natur und Mensch [Museum of Nature and Man], Freiburg im Breisgau. Formerly: Adelhausermuseum für Naturkunde und Völkerkunde (established in 1996), descended from Städtisches Museum für Naturkunde und Völkerkunde, founded in 1895. Note: naturkundlichen Sammlungen [natural history collection] housed at Zentralen Kunstdepot since 2012–2013. Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
641. MHH
Urweltmuseum Hauff [Hauff Museum], Holzmaden. Current as: MHH (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
642. MHI
Muschelkalkmuseum Hagdorn Stadt Ingelfingen, Ingelfingen. Current as: MHI (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
643. PSGV
Private collection of Gernot Vogel, Heidelburg. Current as: PSGV (herps). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
644. SMG
Städtische Naturkundliche Museum Göppingen. Current as: SMG (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
645. SMNK
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe [Karlsruher Naturkundemuseum], Karlsruhe. Formerly: Landessammlungen für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (LNK). Obsolete as: LNK. Current as: SMNK (fishes, herps), SMNK-PAL (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
646. SMNS
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde [Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History], Stuttgart. Obsolete as: MNS. Current as: SMNS (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: SMNHS (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
647. UFR
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg [Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg], Zoologische Sammlung, Freiburg im Breisgau. Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
648. ZMUH
Zoologisches Museum der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelburg. Note: founded as Zoologisches Cabinet in 1819 by Friedrich Tiedemann (1781–1861); some fishes transferred to SMF and SMNS. Current as: ZMUH (herps). Also as: ZIH (fishes, Zoologisches Institut). See also: GEOW (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
649. ZST
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen [University of Tübingen], Museum der Universität (MUT), Zoologische Sammlung, Tübingen. Obsolete as: UTZI (Zoologisches Institut). Current as: ZST (herps). See also: GPIT (fossils). Baden-Württemberg. Germany.
650. BMMS
Bürgermeister-Müller-Museum, Solnhofen. Current as: BMMS (fossils). Also as: BMM-S. Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
651. BSPG
Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie [Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology], München [Munich]. Also known as: Paläontologisches Museum München [Paleontological Museum Munich] (PMM) used for public part of BSPG. Formerly: Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie (BSPHG). Note: one of multiple institutions comprising and administered by Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns [Bavarian Natural History Collections] (SNSB). Obsolete as: BSM, BSP, BSPHG, BSPHM, BSPM. Current as: BSPG (fossils). Also as: SNSB-BSPG (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
652. FAU
Paläontologische Sammlung, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg [University of Erlangen-Nuremburg], Erlangen. Formerly: Sammlungen des Palaontologischen Lehrstuhls des Universität Erlangen. Obsolete as: SPLUE. Current as: FAU (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
653. JME
Jura-Museum Eichstätt [Jura Museum Eichstaett], Eichstätt. Note: one of multiple institutions comprising and administered by Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns [Bavarian Natural History Collections] (SNSB). Obsolete as: JM-E, SoS/SOS. Current as: JME (fossils). Also as: JM (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
654. LfU
Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt [Bavarian State Office for the Environment], Geologische Sammlung [Gesteinssammlung], München [Munich], Bavaria. Current as: LfU (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
655. MOR
Mark-Oliver Rödel herpetological collection at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) [University of Würzburg], Würzburg. Current as: MOR (herps). See also: PIW (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
656. MTH
Münchner Tierpark Hellabrunn A.G. [Hellabruun Zoo], München. Note: old collection destroyed in 1944 during WWII. Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
657. NKMB
Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg, Bamberg. Note: one of multiple institutions comprising and administered by Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns [Bavarian Natural History Collections] (SNSB). Obsolete as: NMB (fossils). Current as: NKMB (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
658. NMA
Naturmuseum Augsburg, Augsburg. Current as: NMA (fossils). Also as: NMSA (Naturmuseum der Stadt Augsburg). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
659. NMC
Naturkundemuseum Coburg, Coburg. Current as: NMC. Also as: NMCL (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
660. NMR
Naturkundemuseum Ostbayern, Regensburg. Current as: NMR (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
661. PIW
Institut für Paläontologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) [University of Würzburg], Würzburg. Current as: PIW (fossils). See also: MOR (herps). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
662. TRF
Private collection of Helmut Tischlinger, Stammham. Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
663. UMO
Urwelt-Museum Oberfranken, Bayreuth. Formerly: Oberfränkische Kreisnaturalienkabinett [Kreis-Naturalien-Cabinet]. Note: one of multiple institutions comprising and administered by Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns [Bavarian Natural History Collections] (SNSB). Obsolete as: U-MO, UM-O, U-MOB (fossils). Current as: UMO (fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
664. ZPLMU
Zoologische Präparatesammlung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München [Zoological objects collection of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich]. Note: historically distinct from Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM); “valuable historic material...imprudently discarded” during reorganization of the university in the 1970s (D. Schaller in Neumann 2011:235); bulk of remaining ZPLMU fish collection transferred to ZSM in 2004; only few historic anatomical specimens retained in ZPLMU Institute of Zoology. See also: ZSM. Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
665. ZSM
Zoologische Staatsammlung München, München [Munich]. Formerly: Zoologisches Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates [Bavarian State Collection of Zoology]. Includes: fishes from NMW (Kähsbauer Donation) and Zoologische Präparatesammlung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (ZPLMU) as part of ZSM Old Collection, partially destroyed during WWII (24–25 Apr 1944 and 11 Apr 1945); holotype of Diaphorolepis wagneri from Museum of Monaco (MM); Hans Hermann Schleich collection of Nepalese and Indian amphibians and reptiles (VW/D); part of Philipp Wagner private collection (PWC, herps). Note: one of multiple institutions comprising and administered by Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns [Bavarian Natural History Collections] (SNSB). Current as: ZSM (fishes, herps, fossils). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
666. ZSM/CMK
Private collection of Maurice Kottelat (CMK) at Zoologische Staatsammlung München (ZSM). Note: fishes published as ZSM/CMK were never intended for final deposition at ZSM and never part of ZSM collection. Obsolete as: ZSM/CMK (replaced by CMK). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
667. ZSM/LIPI
Introduced by Maurice Kottelat (1990) to identify types to be temporarily stored at Zoologische Staatsammlung München (ZSM) for later exchange and final deposition in Indonesia; ZSM/LIPI material is not traceable at ZSM and was never transferred to LIPI, Bogor, but may be available at ZRC. Obsolete as: ZSM/LIPI (not referable to specimens at ZSM or LIPI). Bayern [Bavaria]. Germany.
668. BGR
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe [Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources], Berlin. Current as: BGR (fossils). Berlin. Germany.
669. FSJF
Private fish collection [Fischsammlung] of Jörg Freyhof, Berlin. Berlin. Germany.
670. IPFUB
Freie Universität Berlin [Free University of Berlin], Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Paläontologie, Berlin. In error as: IFPUB (fossils). Current as: IPFUB (fossils). Berlin. Germany.
671. MB
Museo Blochiano [Blochianum], Berlin. Note: private collection of Marcus Elieser Bloch; extant specimens at Museum für Naturkunde (ZMB). Berlin. Germany.
672. TUB
Technischen Universität Berlin [Technical University of Berlin], Berlin. Current as: TUB (fossils). Berlin. Germany.
673. ZMB
Museum für Naturkunde (MfN), Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin [Humboldt University of Berlin], Berlin. Also known as: Humboldt Museum. Formerly: Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Includes: extant specimens of Museo Blochiano [Blochianum] (MB), private collection of Marcus Elieser Bloch. Obsolete as: ISZZ, ZMHU, ZMBP. Current as: MB (fossils), ZMB (fishes, herps). Also as: HMBM, HMN MB, PMHU (fossils), ISZ (birds), MfN, MHUB (parasites). Berlin. Germany.
674. NKMP
Naturkundemuseum Potsdam [Natural History Museum of Potsdam], Potsdam. Formerly: Municipal or District Museum of Potsdam. Current as: NKMP. Brandenburg. Germany.
675. GSUB
Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung [Geosciences Collection], Universität Bremen [University of Bremen], Bremen. Current as: GSUB (fossils). Bremen [Bremen]. Germany.
676. UMB
Überseemuseum, Bremen. Formerly: Gesellschaft Museum (1783–1896); Städtisches Museum für Natur-, Völker- und Handelskunde (1896–1951). Current as: UMB (herps). Bremen [Bremen]. Germany.
677. JGF
Private collection of J.G. Fischer, Hamburg. Note: some herps deposited at ZMH. Hamburg. Germany.
678. MGH
Museum Godeffroy (1861–1885), Hamburg. Note: museum no longer extant; collections sold to various museums including Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK), Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde (SMNS), Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg (ZMH) and Museum für Naturkunde (ZMB). Hamburg. Germany.
679. ZMH
Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak), Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg. Formerly: Naturhistorisches Museum zu Hamburg (NMH) founded in 1843, partially destroyed July 1943 during WWII; museum and staff became part of Universität Hamburg in 1969. Note: includes fishes from Institut für Seefischerei, Hamburg (ISH); herps described by J.G. Fischer. In error as: Z.M.B. (Roze 1967). Obsolete as: ISH, NMH, ZHM, ZIM. Current as: ZMH (fishes, herps). Hamburg. Germany.
680. GZM
Giessen Zoological Museum, Gießen [Giessen]. Obsolete as: MG. Current as: GZM. Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
681. HLMD
Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt. Includes: Norbert Micklich fossil fish reference collection (SMFF) and extant fish reference collection (SMFR); fossil vertebrate collection, Natural History Department (WT). Obsolete as: HLD. Current as: HLMD (herps, fossils). Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
682. MWNH
Museum Wiesbaden, Naturhistorische Landessammlung, Wiesbaden. Note: partially destroyed during World War II, but most types survived. Obsolete as: HLMW, MW, MWHN, NMSW, NSMW, NWNH, SMW (Staatliches Museum, Wiesbaden). Current as: MWNH (herps). Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
683. PUM
Philipps-Universität Marburg [University of Marburg], Marburg. Current as: MZC (Marburg Zoological Collection), PUM (fossils). Also as: ZSUM (herps, Zoologische Sammlung). Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
684. SMF
Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum [Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum], Frankfurt am Main. Includes: collections assembled by Eduard Rüppell and Oskar Boettger (1844–1910). Note: headquarters of Senckenberg Collections composed of six institutes with stations at 10 locations including Dresden (MMG, MTD) and Görlitz (SMNG). In error as: SFM. Obsolete as: NMS, SENCK, SenkM. Current as: SMF (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: SFN (sharks). Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
685. UVF
Ur- und Vorgeschichtsmuseum Fritzlar, Fritzlar. Current as: UVF (fossils). Hesse [Hessen]. Germany.
686. DMM
Deutsches Meeresmuseum [German Oceanographic Museum], Stralsund. Current as: DMM. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Germany.
687. GAM
Deutsches Bernstein-Museum, Ribnitz-Damgarten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Germany.
688. GG
Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität [University of Greifswald], Greifswald. Current as: GG (fossils). See also: ZMG. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Germany.
689. ZMG
Zoologischen Museums Greifswald, Greifswald. See also: GG (fossils). Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Germany.
690. ZSRO
Zoologische Sammlung der Universität Rostock [University of Rostock], Rostock. Current as: ZSRO. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Germany.
691. BGRHB
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe [Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources] of Hannover-Buchholz, Hannover [Hanover]. Note: one of three institutions in Geozentrum Hannover. Obsolete as: BGHan. Current as: BGRHB (fossils). See also: BGR (Berlin). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
692. GZG
Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen [Göttingen University], Göttingen. Also known as: Geowissenschaftliches Museum. Obsolete as: GOE, GPIG/GZG, MGAU (fossils). Current as: GZG.V (fossil vertebrates). Also as: IMGP (fossils, Institut und Museum für Geologie und Paläontologie). See also: ZMUG. Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
693. LMNMO
herpetologischen Sammlung [herpetological collection], Landesmuseum für Natur und Mensch, Oldenburg. Formerly: Grossherzogliche Museum Oldenburg. Current as: LMNMO (herps). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
694. MLH
Museum Lampianum, Hanover [Hannover]. Note: no longer extant. Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
695. NHM-BS
Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Braunschweig. Formerly: Herzogliches Naturhistorisches Museum (1857–1918). Obsolete as: NMB, SNHM, SNMB, SNMBR. Current as: NHM-BS (herps). Also as: SNHMB (fishes), SNMBG (birds). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
696. NMO
Museum am Schölerberg, Osnabrück. Also known as: städtisches Museum für Natur und Umwelt Osnabrück. Current as: NMO (fossils). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
697. SMSS
Städtisches Museum Schloss Salder, Salzgitter. Current as: SMSS (fossils). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
698. ZMUG
Zoologisches Museum, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen [Göttingen University], Göttingen. Formerly: Zoologisches Institut und Museum Universität Göttingen (ZIUG), descended from Königliche Academische Museum founded in 1773. Note: herpetological collection transferred to Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) in 1977. Obsolete as: ZIUG, ZMG. Current as: ZMUG. Also as: AZM (flatworms). See also: GZG (fossils). Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony]. Germany.
699. CETC
Collection de l'École technique (Realschule) de Cologne, Köln [Cologne]. Note: collection cited by Jan & Sordelli (1865); apparently no longer extant. Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
700. DMB
Dobergmuseum—Geologisches Museum Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Bünde. Note: part of the Museum Bünde network. Obsolete as: BDNLTM. Current as: DMB (fossils). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
701. GCC
Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln [University of Cologne], Köln [Cologne]. Current as: GCC (fossils). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
702. LLM
Lippisches Landesmuseum, Detmold. Current as: LLM (fossils). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
703. NAMU
Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld, Bielefeld. Formerly: Museum der Stadt Bielefeld, founded in 1889. Current as: NAMU (fossils). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
704. STIPB
Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie [Steinmann Institute for Mineralogy, Geology and Palaeontology], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn [University of Bonn], Bonn. Formerly: Institut für Paläontologie Bonn (IPB), Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut Bonn (GPIBO) and Goldfuß Museum [Goldfuss Museum]; STIPB founded in 2007. Obsolete as: GPIBO, IPB, PIUB. Current as: STIPB (fossils). See also: SUB. Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
705. SUB
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn [University of Bonn], Institut für Zoologie, Sammlung der Universität, Bonn. See also: STIPB (fossils). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
706. VW/D
Hans Hermann Schleich collection of Nepalese and Indian amphibians and reptiles, Fuhlrott-Museum, Wuppertal. Note: transferred to Zoologische Staatsammlung München (ZSM) in 2012. Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
707. ZFMK
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig [Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig], Bonn. Formerly: Forschungsinstitut und Museum. Includes: University of Göttingen herpetological collection, acquired in 1977; part of Philipp Wagner private collection (PWC; herps); herpetological specimens received from the University of Kabul in the 1970s. Current as: ZFMK (fishes, herps). Nordrhein-Westfalen [North Rhine-Westphalia]. Germany.
708. CPN
Private collection of Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied, Wied [Hausen]. Note: herps now at American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
709. GPIM
Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Mainz. Current as: GPIM (fossils). Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
710. NHMM
Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz, Mainz. Also known as: Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz [State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland-Palatinate]. Note: major parts of historical collection assembled by Rheinische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (RNG) destroyed during British air raid in 1945. Current as: NHMM (fossils). Also as: MHMZ, NMM (fossils). Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
711. POL
Pollichia Geoscience Collections, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP, Thallichtenberg. Current as: POL (fossils). Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
712. SB
Private collection of Hans Bath, Pirmasens. Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
713. SSN
Paläontologisches Museum Nierstein, Nierstein. Current as: SSN (fossils). Rheinland-Pfalz [Rhineland-Palatinate]. Germany.
714. ZIS
Zoologischen Institut, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken. Note: collection apparently no longer at university as of 2011. Saarland. Germany.
715. FG
Schneider and Scholze collection, Department of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg. Current as: FG (fossils). Also as: BAF FG (fossils). Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
716. GFEF
Geologische Landesuntersuchung GmbH, Freiberg. Formerly: Geologische Forschung und Erkundung Freiberg. Current as: GFEF (fossils). Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
717. GPSL
Geologische und Paläontologische Sammlung, Institut für Geophysik und Geologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig. Current as: GPSL (fossil invertebrates). Also as: PMUL (fossil herps, Paläontologisches Museum der Universität Leipzig). See also: MUL. Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
718. MMG
Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen (SNSD), Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden. Formerly: Königliches Naturalienkabinett; Dresdener Hof-Mineralien-Cabinet. Includes: collection of Gustav Freiherr von Stockheim including fossils formerly known as Ortenburger Kreide. Current as: MMG (fossils). Also as: SNSD-MMG (fossils). See also: MTD. Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
719. MTD
Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen (SNSD), Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden. Note: established in 1728 in the “Palais de Sciences” [Dresden Zwinger]; majority of zoolgical specimens destroyed by fire in 1849 during Dresden May Uprising; partially destroyed 7 Oct 1944 and 13–14 Feb 1945 during World War II; MTD combined with Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie (MMG) in 1999 to form Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden which merged with Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung in 2009. Includes: original zoological collections of Universität Leipzig (MUL) transferred in 1970–1971. Current as: MTD F (fishes), MTD D (herps). Also as: MTKD (herps), SMTD (birds). See also: MMG. Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
720. MUL
Universität Leipzig, Institut für Zoologie, Zoologische Lehrsammlung, Leipzig. Note: original zoological collection dissolved in 1968 and partly transferred to Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden (MTD) in 1970–1971. Also as: ULIZ. See also: GPSL (fossils). Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
721. MWLK
Museum der Westlausitz, Kamenz. Current as: MWLK (herps). Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
722. NML
Naturkundemuseum Leipzig [Leipzig Museum], Leipzig. Note: partially destroyed during WWII. Obsolete as: LM, MLEP. Current as: NML (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: NKML (birds). Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
723. SMNG
Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde, Abteilung Zoologie, Görlitz. Formerly: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz; merged with Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung in 2009. Current as: SMNG. Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
724. ZIDTU
Institut für Zoologie, Technische Universität Dresden [Dresden Technical University], Dresden. Note: currently a teaching collection [Zoologische Lehrsammlung]. Sachsen [Saxony]. Germany.
725. CPHR
Private collection of Herbert Rösler, Thale. Note: specimens to be deposited in Museum für Naturkunde (ZMB), Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Museum für Tierkunde (MTD) and probably Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM). Current as: CPHR (herps). Sachsen-Anhalt [Saxony-Anhalt]. Germany.
726. KHMM
Museum für Naturkunde, Magdeburg. Also known as: Kulturhistorisches Museum Magdeburg; Magdeburger Museen (MM). Current as: KHMM (herps). Also as: MM (herps). Sachsen-Anhalt [Saxony-Anhalt]. Germany.
727. MLUH
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen (ZNS), Halle (Saale). Formerly: Institut für Zoologie, Halle (IZH); Geiseltal Museum (GM). Note: Founded in 1769 as natural history cabinet by J.F.G. Goldhagen; MLU created in 1817 via merger of Universität Wittenberg and Universität Halle; collections of Geiseltal Museum relocated to ZNS in 2009. Obsolete as: GM, MLU, ZIH, ZMUH, ZNS. Current as: MLUH (fishes, herps, fossils), MLUH (IZH-P), MLUH (IZH-A), MLUH (IZH-R) (historical specimens of fishes, amphibians & reptiles, respectively), MLUH (GMH) (Geiseltal fossils, Eocene), MLUH (Ifg) (other fossils, Geology Department). Sachsen-Anhalt [Saxony-Anhalt]. Germany.
728. BAH
Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland [Heligoland]. Formerly: Königlich Preußische Biologische Anstalt Helgoland founded in 1892. Note: part of the Alfred-Wegener-Institut since 1998. Schleswig-Holstein. Germany.
729. CAUK
Institut für Geowissenschaften der Christian-Albrechts-Universität (CAU) zu Kiel [University of Kiel], Kiel. Current as: CAUK (fossils). See also: ZMK. Schleswig-Holstein. Germany.
730. MNUL
Museum für Natur und Umwelt, Lübecker Museen, Lübeck. Also known as: Museum Lübeck, Naturhistorisches Museum zu Lübeck. Note: original museum destroyed 28 Mar 1942 during WWII; reopened in 1963 as Naturhistorisches Museum—Museum für Natur und Naturgeschichte in Schleswig-Holstein. Also as: LNHM (herps). Schleswig-Holstein. Germany.
731. ZMK
Zoologische Museum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität (CAU) zu Kiel [University of Kiel], Kiel. Also known as: Zoologischen Museum Kiel. Note: closely associated with Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), successor to the Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften [Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences], itself established in 2004 via merger of Institut für Meereskunde (IfM, IMUK) and Forschungszentrum für Marine Geowissenschaften (GEOMAR). Obsolete as: KIEL. Current as: ZMK. See also: CAUK (fossils). Schleswig-Holstein. Germany.
732. HSBS
Heimat- und Salinemuseum Bad Sulza. Includes: fossils from quarry “Krähenhütte”, Bad Sulza. Current as: HSBS (fossils). See also: NME. Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
733. MJU
Museo Jenensis Universitatis, Jena. Note: no longer extant. Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
734. MMA
Naturkundemuseum Mauritianum Altenburg. Current as: MMA (fossils). Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
735. MNG
Museum der Natur Gotha, Gotha. Current as: MNG (fossils). Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
736. NME
Naturkundemuseum, Erfurt. Includes: fossils from quarry “Krähenhütte”, Bad Sulza. Current as: NME (fossils), NME R (reptiles). See also: HSBS. Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
737. PMJ
Phyletisches Museum [Phyletic Museum], Jena. Formerly: Großherzogliches Zoologisches Museum until ca. 1907, itself descended from Carl August Museum. Current as: PMJ. Thüringen [Thuringia]. Germany.
738. HvM
Private collection of Hermann von Meyer (1801–1869). Note: status unknown. Germany.
739. JWM
Private collection of Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858). Note: status unknown. Germany.
740. KWF
Private collection of Herr Klaus Weis. Current as: KWF (fossils). Germany.
741. PWC
Private collection of Philipp Wagner. Note: herps transferred in part to Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) and Zoologische Staatsammlung München (ZSM). Germany.
742. UOG
Zoology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Metropolis District. Obsolete as: UGA. Current as: UOG (cetaceans). Ghana.
743. AMPG
Athens Museum of Palaeontology and Geology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UoA), Athens. Also known as: University of Athens. Current as: AMPG (fossils). See also: ZMUA (Zoological Museum). Attica. Greece.
744. GNHM
The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia. Current as: GNHM (fishes, herps). Attica. Greece.
745. HCMR
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters (IMBRIW), Anavyssos [Anavissos]. Formerly: National Center for Marine Research (NCMR). Obsolete as: IOAKE, NCMR. Current as: HCMR. Attica. Greece.
746. ZMUA
Zoological Museum, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UoA), Athens. Also known as: University of Athens. Current as: ZMUA (mollusks & birds). Also as: MZUA. Attica. Greece.
747. ATEITh
Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Nea Moudania. Current as: ATEITh (fishes). Central Macedonia. Greece.
748. AUTH
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Obsolete as: MZUTH (Museum of Zoology), ZMUT. Current as: AUTH (fishes & fossils). Also as: AUT (fossils), DZAUT and MDZAUT (fishes, Department of Zoology), LGPUT (Laboratory of Geology and Paleontology), LZUT (fishes, Laboratory of Zoology). Central Macedonia. Greece.
749. HSR
Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes, Rhodes. Formerly: Reale Istituto di Ricerche Biologiche di Rodi, built in 1934–1935 during Italian occupation of the Dodecanese (1912–1943). Note: currently part of Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR). Current as: HSR (fishes). See also: HCMR. Crete. Greece.
750. NHMC
Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion [Irákleio]. Current as: NHMC (herps). Crete. Greece.
751. FRINP
Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) of Nea Peramos, Kavala. Current as: FRINP (fishes). East Macedonia and Thrace. Greece.
752. NHMAS
Natural History Museum of the Aegean, Paleontological Museum, Mytilene [Mytilini, Mitilinii], Samos Island. Note: established by Konstantinos and Maria Zimalis Foundation. Current as: NHMAS (fossils). North Aegean. Greece.
753. VM
Vrisa Natural History Museum, Lesvos [Lesbos]. North Aegean. Greece.
754. NMP
Paleontological and Paleobotanical Museum, Nostimo Kastorias. Also known as: Nostimo Museum of Palaeontology (NMP). Note: formally affiliated with Athens Museum of Palaeontology and Geology (AMPG). Current as: NMP V (fossils). Western Macedonia. Greece.
755. UGM
University of Guam, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Pacific Tropical Research Center (WPTRC), Mangilao. Also known as: Unibetsedåt Guåhan. Current as: UGM (fishes). Also as: UTIO-F (fishes). Guam.
756. USAC
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (MUSHNAT), Guatemala City. Current as: USAC (fishes, herps). Guatemala.
757. UVG
Universidad del Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City. Current as: UVG. Guatemala.
758. CSBD
Center for the Study of Biological Diversity, University of Guyana, Georgetown. Note: some fish holotypes dual-accessioned at CSBD Auburn University Natural History Museum (AUM) for temporary storage at AUM. Obsolete as: HA or CSBD no. HA (herps), UG, CSBD/UG, UG/CSBD. Current as: CSBD, CSBD F (fishes). Guyana.
759. GNMGG
Guyana National Museum, Georgetown. Note: no longer extant. Guyana.
760. UNAH
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Museo de Historia Natural, Tegucigalpa. Current as: UNAH (herps). Honduras.
761. ELTE
Eötvös Loránd University, Biological and Paleontological Museum, Budapest. Formerly: Royal University of Pest (until 1873), University of Budapest (1873–1921), Royal Hungarian Pázmány Péter University (1921–1950). Note: some fossils donated to Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM). Current as: ELTE (fossils). Hungary.
762. GIH
Geological Institute of Hungary, Geological Museum, Budapest. Also known as: Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet (MAFI). Formerly: Royal Hungarian Geological Institute founded in 1869. Note: many fossils transferred to other institutions (HNHM, NHMUK); merged into Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet (MFGI) in 2012. Current as: GIH (fossils). Also as: HGIM, MHGI, MNGL. See also: MFGI. Hungary.
763. HNHM
Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum [Hungarian Natural History Museum], Budapest. Also known as: Musei Nationalis Hungarici/Musée National Hongrois (MNH). Formerly: part of the Hungarian National Museum (HNM) or Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum. Includes: fossils donated from Geological Institute of Hungary (GIH) and Eötvös University (ELTE), Budapest. Note: collections destroyed in part by fire during Hungarian uprising in 1956. Obsolete as: HNM, MNH, MNSB, NHMB. Current as: HNHM (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: MTM (fossils), PG-HNHM (Department of Paleontology and Geology). Hungary.
764. MFGI
Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet [Hungarian Institute of Geology and Geophysics], Budapest. Note: established in 2012 via merger of Geological Institute of Hungary (GIH/MAFI) and Eötvös Loránd Geophysical Institute. Current as: MFGI (fossils). See also: ELTE, GIH. Hungary.
765. HAF
Hafrannsóknastofnun [Marine Research Institute of Iceland], Reykjavik. Current as: HAF (fishes). Also as: MRII (fishes). Iceland.
766. IINH
Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Gardabaer. Formerly: Icelandic Museum of Natural History (IMNH). Obsolete as: IMNH, NHMR. Current as: IINH. Iceland.
767. NHMK
Natural History Museum of Kópavogur, Kópavogur. Assigned here: NHMK. Iceland.
768. CIARI
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Current as: CIARI/FF (freshwater fishes). See also: JPC. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India.
769. JPC
Private collection of Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Fisheries Science Division, Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (CIARI), Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Current as: JPC (fishes). See also: CIARI. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India.
770. MUS.FSI.PB
Museum of the Zonal Base, Fishery Survey of India, Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Current as: MUS.FSI.PB/EB (elasmobranchs). Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India.
771. PUMB
Museum of Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Port Blair Campus, Andaman Islands. Current as: PUMB (fishes). Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India.
772. ZSI-ANRC
Zoological survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre. Also as: ZSI/ANRC. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India.
773. ZMAU
Zoology Museum, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam [Vizag, Waltair]. Also as: AU/DMLR (fishes, Department of Marine Living Resources), MDZAU (fishes), ZDAU (parasites). Andhra Pradesh. India.
774. APF/SFRI
Arunachal Pradesh Forest Department, State Forest Research Institute, Van Vihar, Itanagar. Current as: APF/SFRI (herps). Arunachal Pradesh. India.
775. BLT
BioLab of Seshachalam Hills, Wildlife Management Circle, Kapilatheertham, Tirupati. Also known as: BioLab of Tirupati. Current as: BLT (herps). Arunachal Pradesh. India.
776. GBP-NE
G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, North East Unit, Vivek Vihar, Itanagar. Current as: GBP-NE (fishes). Arunachal Pradesh. India.
777. RGUMF
Rajiv Gandhi University Museum of Fishes, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Itanagar. Current as: RGUMF (fishes). Arunachal Pradesh. India.
778. ZSI-APRC
Zoological Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre [formerly Field or Regional Station], Itanagar. Obsolete as: ZSI/APFS, APFS/ZSI, ZSI-APRS. Current as: ZSI-APRC. Also as: ZSI/APRC, ZSI/V/APRC/P (fishes). Arunachal Pradesh. India.
779. AU-Ecol/ABM
Animal Biodiversity Museum of the Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar. Current as: AU-Ecol/ABM (herps). Assam. India.
780. AVC
Zoology Department, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Tarun Nagar, Guwahati. Note: affiliated with Gauhati University. Current as: AVC (herps). Also as: AVCM (herps). Assam. India.
781. GUZM
Gauhati University Zoological Museum, Guwahati. Obsolete as: F/GUZ. Current as: GUZM. Also as: GUMF (Museum of Fishes), GUZ. Assam. India.
782. IASST
Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati. Current as: IASST (amphibians). Assam. India.
783. LGCFM
Lakhimpur Girls' College Fish Museum, Lakhimpur. Current as: LGCFM (fishes). Assam. India.
784. TMBU
Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Department of Zoology Museum, Bhagalpur. Formerly: Bhagalpur University. Current as: TMBU (fishes). Bihar. India.
785. ZSI Solan
Zoological Survey of India, High Altitude Regional Center, Solan. Current as: ZSI Solan F (fishes). Himachal. India.
786. JU
University of Jammu, Jammu. Note: Department for Biosciences split into Department of Zoology and Department of Botany in 1998. Current as: BJRG (herps), JU (fossils, Department of Geology). Jammu and Kashmir. India.
787. DAVK
Dayanand Anglo Vaidik Mahavidyalaya (DAV College), Civil Lines. Kanpur. India.
788. ATREE
Museum of Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Current as: ATREE. Karnataka. India.
789. BUB
Museum of Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Current as: BUB (herps). See also: CCB. Karnataka. India.
790. CCB
Central College of Bangalore Museum, Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Note: originally affiliated with University of Mysore which became Bangalore University in 1964. See also: BUB. Karnataka. India.
791. CES
Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Current as: CES (herps). Also as: CESL (lizards). Karnataka. India.
792. CMA
Private collection of M. Arunachalam. Current as: CMA (fishes). Karnataka. India.
793. GSI
Geological Society of India, Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Current as: GSI (fossils). See also: GSI (headquarters, Kolkata, West Bengal). Karnataka. India.
794. KUES
Kuvempu University, Department of Environmental Science, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga District. Current as: KUES (herps). Karnataka. India.
795. NCBS
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru [Bangalore]. Current as: NCBS (herps). Karnataka. India.
796. CMFRI
Marine Biodiversity Museum, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi [Cochin]. Note: museum inaugurated in 2006, recognized as Designated National Repository (DNR) by Government of India in 2007; museum separate from older one in Mandapam, Tamil Nadu. Obsolete as: DNR GB (fishes), GB. Current as: CMFRI GA (cartilaginous fishes), CMFRI GB (bony fishes). Also as: CMFRI/PFD (fishes, Pelagic Fisheries Division), MBM. See also: MMMC (Mandapam, Tamil Nadu), NBFGR (genetic resources). Kerala. India.
797. CMLRE
Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Government Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kochi [Cochin]. Current as: CMLRE (fishes). Kerala. India.
798. CRG-SAC
Conservation Research Group Collection, St. Albert's College, Kochi. Current as: CRG-SAC (fishes). Kerala. India.
799. CUSAT
Museum of the Department of Marine Biology, Microbology and Biochemistry (DMMB), School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi [Cochin]. Formerly: University of Cochin. Current as: CUSAT (fishes). Kerala. India.
800. DABFUK
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram [ex Trivandrum]. Obsolete as: DAB-UoK (fishes). Current as: DABFUK-FI (fishes). Kerala. India.
801. IFP
Museum of the Marine Research Laboratory of the Integrated Fisheries Project, Kochi [Cochin]. Note: descended from fishing centre established in Cochin in 1957 by Indo Norwegian Project; became IFP managed by Government of India in 1972 and renamed National Institute of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology and Training (NIFPHATT) in 2008; status of natural history collections unknown. See also: CMFRI. Kerala. India.
802. IISER-TVM
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram [ex Trivandrum]. Note: IISER-TVM is abbreviation for institution, but VPC-GK used to cite gecko specimen in collection. Kerala. India.
803. KAUNHM
Kerala Agricultural University Natural History Museum, Thrissur. Current as: KAUNHM (herps). Kerala. India.
804. KFRI
Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi. Kerala. India.
805. MESPC
Museum of M.E.S. Ponnani College [affiliated with Calicut University], Ponnani, Malappuram District. Note: museum cited as repository for fish type specimens but mistakenly associated with collection at Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT); existence of fish collection at Ponnani College not confirmed. Assigned here: MESPC. Kerala. India.
806. NBFGR
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Kochi Unit, CMFRI Campus, Kochi [Cochin]. Note: founded in 1983. Current as: NBFGR-CH (fish tissues). Also as: NBFGR CHN, NBFGR/LRT. See also: CMFRI. Kerala. India.
807. PCMP
Private collection of Mathews Plamoottil. Kerala. India.
808. TNHM
Natural History Museum, Thiruvananthapuram [ex Trivandrum]. Current as: TNHM (herps). Kerala. India.
809. ZMCC
Zoology Museum, Christ College, Irinjalakuda. Current as: ZMCC F (fishes). Kerala. India.
810. ZSI-WGRC
Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre [formerly Station], Kozhikode [Calicut]. Also known as: Western Ghats Field Research Centre. Obsolete as: WGRS, ZSI/CLT [Calicut Station], ZSI/WGFRS (Field Research Station), ZSI/WGRS. Current as: ZSI-WGRC (fishes, herps). Also as: ZSIK (herps). Kerala. India.
811. ZSI-CRC
Zoological Survey of India, Central Regional Centre [formerly Station], Jabalpur. Obsolete as: CRS-ZSI, ZSI-CRS. Current as: ZSI-CRC. Madhya Pradesh. India.
812. AGCZRL
Abasaheb Garware College, Zoology Research Laboratory, Pune. Obsolete as: AGC-ZRL. Current as: AGCZRL (herps). Maharashtra. India.
813. BNHS
Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai [Bombay]. Includes: specimens formerly deposited at Konkan field station museum, Ratnagiri. Note: unregistered fishes from old BNHS collection tranferred to ZSI-WRC. Obsolete as: BNHM. Current as: BNHS (herps), BNHS A (amphibians), BNHS FWF (fishes). Maharashtra. India.
814. INHER
Institute of Natural History Education and Research, Kothrud, Pune. Current as: INHER (herps). Maharashtra. India.
815. MACS
Fossil Repository of the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune. Current as: MACS (fossils). Maharashtra. India.
816. NKGMF
Fish Genetics and Biotechnology laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai [Bombay]. Current as: NKGMF (fish specimens), VIZNK (tissue samples). Maharashtra. India.
817. ZID
Department of Zoology, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Palus, Sangli District. Current as: ZID (fishes). Maharashtra. India.
818. ZSI-WRC
Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre [formerly Station], Pune. Includes: unregistered fishes from the old Bombay Natural History Society collection (BNHS) currently housed at ZSI-WRC, but not cataloged or registered into collection as of 2014. Obsolete as: ZSI-WRS. Current as: ZSI-WRC (fishes, herps). Also as: ZSIP, ZSI/WRC P/ (fishes). Maharashtra. India.
819. IBSD
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal. Manipur. India.
820. MUMF
Manipur University Museum of Fishes, Chanchipur. Obsolete as: MUFM (fishes). Current as: MUMF (fishes). Also as: MUMF-Per 95 (W. Vishwanath personal collection), MUM (fishes, Manipur University Central Museum), RCMMF (fishes, Research Centre). Manipur. India.
821. MZMLC
Museum of Zoology, Mayai Lambi College, Yumnam Huidrom. Manipur. India.
822. FBLM
Fish Biology Lab Museum, Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong. Current as: FBLM (fishes). Meghalaya. India.
823. ZSI-NERC
Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong. Formerly: Eastern Regional Centre/Station. Obsolete as: ERS/ZSI, V/A/ERS, V/ERS, ZSI-ERC, ZSI/ERS, ZSI-E, ZSI-S. Current as: ZSI-NERC (fishes, herps). Also as: NERC/ZSI (herps), ZSI/NERC. Meghalaya. India.
824. MZMU
Departmental Museum of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl. Current as: MZMU (herps). Also as: MZUBM (fishes, Mizoram University Biodiversity Museum). See also: PUCMF. Mizoram. India.
825. PUCMF
Pachhunga University College Museum of Fishes, Aizawl. Note: constituent college of Mizoram University, Aizawl. Current as: PUCMF (fishes). See also: MZMU. Mizoram. India.
826. KSC
Kohima Science College, Kohima. Also as: MA (amphibians). Nagaland. India.
827. NMND
National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi. Note: destroyed by fire 26 April 2016. Obsolete as: NMNH, NMNHI. Current as: NMND. New Delhi. India.
828. SDBDU
University of Delhi, Department of Environmental Studies, Systematics Lab, Delhi. Current as: SDBDU (herps). New Delhi. India.
829. RMNH-BBSR
Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar. Current as: RMNH-BBSR-R (reptiles). Odisha [ex Orissa]. India.
830. ZSI-EBRC
Zoological Survey of India, Estuarine Biology Regional Centre [formerly Station], Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam District. Obsolete as: EBS/ZSI/F. Current as: ZSI-EBRC (fishes). Also as: EBRC/ZSI/F (fishes). Odisha [ex Orissa]. India.
831. CASAU
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai. Formerly: Biological Station Reference Museum at Porto Novo (BSRM). Obsolete as: BSRM. Current as: CASAU. Tamil Nadu. India.
832. CSPT
Chennai Snake Park Trust, Chennai. Formerly: Madras Snake Park (MSP). Obsolete as: MSP. Current as: CSPT (herps), CSPT/L (lizards), CSPT/S (snakes). Tamil Nadu. India.
833. FCRM
Fisheries College Reference Museum, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thoothukudi [Tuticorin]. Note: Fisheries College established in 1977 as constituent unit of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at Thoothukkudi; currently Fisheries College and Research Institute (FCRI). Tamil Nadu. India.
834. MAD
Government Museum Chennai, Egmore, Chennai. Also known as: Madras Museum, Madras Government Museum (MGM). Obsolete as: MGM. Current as: MAD (herps). Tamil Nadu. India.
835. MKC
Private collection of J.D. Marcus Knight, Chennai. Note: to be deposited at Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre (ZSI-SRC). Current as: MKC (fishes). Tamil Nadu. India.
836. MMMC
Marine Biodiversity Museum of Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Mandapam, Ramanathapuram District. Formerly: Museum of the Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp. Note: established in 1947; CMFRI headquarters shifted from Mandapam to Kochi [Cochin] with second museum established in Kochi. Current as: MMMC. Also as: CMFRI F (fishes), FMRI (fishes). See also: CMFRI (Kochi [Cochin], Kerala). Tamil Nadu. India.
837. MSUMNH
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Museum of Natural History, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences (SPKCES), Alwarkurichi. Current as: MSUMNH (fishes). Also as: SPKCES. Tamil Nadu. India.
838. SACON
Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore [Kovai]. Tamil Nadu. India.
839. WILD
Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society, Coimbatore [Kovai]. Note: cited as code, two-digit year of registration, collection abbreviation and catalog number, e.g. WILD-15-PIS (fishes registered in 2015), WILD-13-AMP (amphibians registered in 2013). Current as: WILD (fishes, herps). Tamil Nadu. India.
840. ZSI-MBRC
Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai. Tamil Nadu. India.
841. ZSI-SRC
Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre [formerly Station], Chennai. Also known as: Zoological Survey of India, Madras (ZSIM). Obsolete as: SRC-ZSI, SRS/ZSI, ZSI-SRS, ZSI/SRS, ZSIC, ZSIM. Current as: ZSI-SRC. Also as: ZSI/SRC. Tamil Nadu. India.
842. NHM.OU
Natural History Museum of Osmani University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad. Current as: NHM.OU.F (fishes), NHM.OU.AMPH (amphibians), NHM.OU.REP (reptiles). Telangana [ex Andhra Pradesh]. India.
843. ZSI-FBRC
Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Hyderabad. Current as: ZSI-FBRC (fishes). Also as: FBRC/ZSI, FBS (Freshwater Biology Station). Telangana [ex Andhra Pradesh]. India.
844. COF-CAU
Natural History Referral Museum, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (I), Lembucherra, Agartala. Current as: COF-CAU (fishes). Tripura. India.
845. DDUGU
Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Department of Zoology, Gorakhpur. Uttar Pradesh. India.
846. FM
Faizabad Museum, Faizabad. Note: presumably defunct. Uttar Pradesh. India.
847. LUVP
Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Geology Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow. Current as: LUVP (fossils). Also as: LUGD (fossil echinoderms), ULM. Uttar Pradesh. India.
848. SJC
St. John's College, Agra. Note: herp collection no longer extant; later maintained by the Academy of Zoology, Khandari Road, Agra, but that institution appears to be defunct. Uttar Pradesh. India.
849. ZM
Zoologische Museum, Kanpur. Note: presumably defunct. Uttar Pradesh. India.
850. DCFR
Fish Museum, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital. Current as: DCFR (fishes). Uttarakhand. India.
851. GU/RSR/VAS
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Department of Geology, R.S. Rana Vastan Lignite Mine collection, Srinagar. Obsolete as: VAS. Current as: GU/RSR/VAS (fossils). Uttarakhand. India.
852. IITR
Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. Formerly: University of Roorkee (RUSB) until 2001. Includes: fossils from Vastan lignite mine, Taluka Mangrol, Surat District, Gujarat. Obsolete as: RUSB. Current as: IITR (fossils). Also as: IITR/SB/VLM (fossils). Uttarakhand. India.
853. WII
Wildlife Institute of India [vertebrate collections], Dehradun [Dehra Dun]. Current as: WII (herps). Uttarakhand. India.
854. ZSI-NRC
Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre [formerly Station], Dehradun [Dehra Dun]. Obsolete as: NRS/ZSI, ZSI/NRS. Current as: ZSI-NRC. Also as: ZSI/NRC. Uttarakhand. India.
855. AC-IFF/AABM
Aquatic Animal Biodiversity Museum, Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Asutosh College, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Current as: AC-IFF/AABM/Pisces/ (fishes). West Bengal. India.
856. ASK
Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (ASB), Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Also known as: Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society. Note: orginal natural history collection established ca. 1828, transferred to Indian Museum, Calcutta (IMC) in 1866 and then to Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in 1916. Current as: ASK. West Bengal. India.
857. BNHMD
Bengal Natural History Museum, Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling. Note: incorporated into West Bengal Zoo Authority (WBZA) in 2015. West Bengal. India.
858. CIFE/KOL
Museum of Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR), Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Current as: CIFE/KOL (fishes). West Bengal. India.
859. GSI
Geological Survey of India, Curatorial Division, Central Fossil Repository, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Note: GSI headquartered in Kolkata. Current as: GSI K (fossils). Also as: GSI/PAL/CR, GSI/GC. See also: GSI (Bengaluru, Karnataka). West Bengal. India.
860. ISI
Indian Statistical Institute, Geological Studies Unit, Palaeontological collections, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Current as: ISI P (fossil fishes), ISIR (fossil reptiles). Also as: GSU:ISI (fossil fishes). West Bengal. India.
861. MCMC
Museum of the Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Formerly: Medical College of Bengal, established in 1835. Note: status of natural history collections unknown; college closely associated with the Indian Museum in Calcutta (IMC, now ZSI) in late 1800s. Also as: MCMK. West Bengal. India.
862. NLK
Museum of the PG Department of Zoology, Raja N.L. Khan Women's College, Midnapur. West Bengal. India.
863. UCDZ
University of Calcutta, Department of Zoology, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. West Bengal. India.
864. ZSI
National Zoological Collections (NZC) of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Formerly: Indian Museum, Calcutta (IMC), Natural History Museum, Calcutta. Includes: collections transferred from Asiatic Society of Bengal (ASK) to IMC in 1866. Note: ZSI designated national repository for zoological collections in India in 2002. Obsolete as: IMC, ZSIF (fishes), ZSIK (herps). Current as: ZSI. Also as: NZC-ZSI, ZSI-F (fishes), ZSI FF (freshwater fishes), ZSIC (amphibians), ZSI-K (herps). West Bengal. India.
865. ZSI-MARC
Zoological Survey of India, Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Digha. Current as: ZSI-MARC. Also as: MARC/ZSI. West Bengal. India.
866. USK
Universitas Syiah Kuala [Syiah Kuala University], Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Laboratory of Ichthyology, Banda Aceh. Current as: USK (fishes). Aceh. Indonesia.
867. IBRC
Indonesian Biodiversity Research Center, Denpasar City. Note: opened in June 2010 as a collaboration between Udayana University, Diponegoro University, the State University of Papua, University of California Los Angeles and the Smithsonian Institution. Current as: IBRC (fishes). Bali. Indonesia.
868. NCIP
National Catalogue for Indonesian Pisces, Koleksi Rujukan, Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi [reference collection, Oceanographic Research Center], Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Ancol. Formerly: Visscherij Station (1905–1915); Visscherij Station te Batavia (1915–1922); Laboratorium Voor Het Onderzoek der Zee (LOZ, 1922–1949); Laboratorium/Lembaga Penyelidikan Laut [Laboratory/Institue of Marine Investigation] (1949–1962); Lembaga Penelitian Laut (1962–1970); Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional (LON) [National Oceanographic Institute], part of LIPI (1970–1986); Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi [Center for Oceanographic Research and Development] (1986–2001). Note: fishes cataloged under NCIP remain housed in Ancol as of 2018, but eventually may be transferred to MZB in Cibinong. Obsolete as: LOZ, LON, LON NCIP, NCIV [typo]. Current as: NCIP. Jakarta. Indonesia.
869. CRDOA
Center for Research and Development of Oceanology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Ambon. Current as: CRDOA (fishes). Maluku. Indonesia.
870. ITB
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung. Note: some herp specimens (including types) to be transferred to MZB in Cibinong; abbreviations DTI or ITB.DTI used for herps collected by Djoko T. Iskandar. Current as: ITB (herps), PALITB (fossils). West Java. Indonesia.
871. MGB
Vertebrate Palaeontology Collection, Geology Museum Bandung, Bandung. Current as: MGB (fossils). West Java. Indonesia.
872. MZB
Bidang Zoologi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor Regency. Formerly: Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (1894–1997). Obsolete as: LBN. Current as: MZB (fishes, herps). Also as: MZB.Lace (Lacertilia), MZB.Ophi (Ophidia). West Java. Indonesia.
873. UIMZ
Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok. Current as: UIMZ (herps). West Java. Indonesia.
874. RSI
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Hessarak, Karaj. Also known as: Razi State Institute; Razi Institute (RI). Note: reptile collection inaccessible after death of Mahmoud Latifi in 2005. Alborz. Iran.
875. TUIC
Terhan University Ichthyological Collection, Karaj. Current as: TUIC (fishes). Alborz. Iran.
876. ZM-CBSU
Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection of Biology Department, Shiraz. Formerly: Pahlavi University. Obsolete as: ZM-CBSUZG (fishes). Current as: ZM-CBSU (fishes, herps). Also as: CBSU (herps). Fars. Iran.
877. FCKG
Fish Collection of Kiavash Golzarianpour, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad-e Kāvus. Current as: FCKG (fishes). Golestān. Iran.
878. ZMGU
Zoological Museum of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Current as: ZMGU (herps). Also as: GUZM. Golestān. Iran.
879. GUIC
Ichthyological Museum, Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara. Current as: GUIC (fishes). Guilan. Iran.
880. ZMHU
Zoological Museum of Hamedan University, Hamadān. Current as: ZMHU (herps). Hamadan. Iran.
881. DHZC
Department of the Environment of Hormozgan Province Zoological Collection. Current as: DHZC (herps). Hormozgan. Iran.
882. DEZC
Department of the Environment of Isfahan Province Zoological Collection, Isfahan. Current as: DEZC (herps). Isfahan. Iran.
883. IUT-IM
Isfahan University of Technology Ichthyology Museum, Isfahan. Current as: IUT-IM (fishes). Isfahan. Iran.
884. ICSTZM
International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Zoological Museum, Kerman. Obsolete as: ZCSK. Current as: ICSTZM (herps). Also as: ICSTZ (herps). Kerman. Iran.
885. ZMSBUK
Zoological Museum of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman. Current as: ZM-SBUK (fishes), ZMSBUK.HD (herps). Kerman. Iran.
886. RUZM
Razi University Zoological Museum, Kermanshah. Current as: RUZM (herps). Kermanshah. Iran.
887. YUZM
Yasouj University Zoological Museum, Yasuj. Current as: YUZM (herps). Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Iran.
888. FCFUK
Fish collection, Fish Department, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj [Senneh]. Current as: FCFUK (fishes). Kurdistan. Iran.
889. FTHM
Private collection of Farhang Torki, Nurabad [Noor Abad]. Note: cited as Farhang Torki Herpetological Museum (FTHM) and Farhang Torki Ecology and Herpetology Center for Research (FTEHCR). Current as: FTHM (herps). Also as: FTHR (herps). Lorestan. Iran.
890. MKQ
Private collection of Mahdi Kazemi, Qom. Qom. Iran.
891. ERP
Private collection of Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani. Note: associated with Hakim Sabzevari University (SUHC). Current as: ERP (herps). Razavi Khorasan. Iran.
892. SUHC
Hakim Sabzevari University (HSU), Herpetological Collection, Sabzevar. Formerly: branch of Tarbiat Moallem University (SUZM, TMUS), Tehran. Obsolete as: SUZM, TMUS. Current as: SUHC (herps). See also: ERP. Razavi Khorasan. Iran.
893. ZMCMU
Zoological Museum of Chabahar Maritme University, Chabahar. Current as: ZMCMU (fishes). Sistan and Baluchestan. Iran.
894. IMNRF-UT
Ichthyological Museum, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran. Current as: IMNRF-UT (fishes). See also: ZUTC (Zoological Museum). Tehran. Iran.
895. MMTT
Muzeye Melli-e Tarikh-e Tabiei, Tehran. Also known as: Muzeh-e Melli-ye Tarikh-e Tabi'i [National Museum of Natural History]. Note: founded in 1973; now part of Iran Department of the Environment. Current as: MMTT. Tehran. Iran.
896. VMFC
Private fish collection of Vatandoust and Mousavi-Sabet. Tehran. Iran.
897. ZUTC
Zoological Museum, University of Tehran Collection, Tehran. Current as: ZUTC. Also as: TUZM. See also: IMNRF-UT (fishes). Tehran. Iran.
898. INHRCM
Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Al-Waziriya, Baghdad. Formerly: Iraq Museum of Natural History (IMNH, IMNHB). Includes: collection assembled by A.D. Niazi and staff at the Natural History Museum of the University of Baghdad. Note: some fossils in INHRCM, others in Department of Earth Science (Geology), College of Science. Obsolete as: IMNH, IMNHB, IRAQ. Current as: INHRCM (herps, fossils). Iraq.
899. KMNH
Kurdistan Museum of Natural History, Salahaddin University, Erbil (SUE), Kurdistan. Current as: KMNH. Iraq.
900. UBI
University of Basrah, Marine Science Center, Basrah. Iraq.
901. NMI
National Museum of Ireland (Natural History), Dublin. Current as: NMI (fossils). Also as: NMING (fossils), NMINH (fishes, Natural History Division). Ireland.
902. TCD
Trinity College of Dublin, Geological and Zoological Museums. Includes: Huxley and Wright fossils (fishes and amphibians) that were moved to the National Musem of Ireland in 1959 and returned in 1994. Current as: TCD (fossils). Ireland.
903. SFRS
Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa. Current as: SFRS (fishes). Israel.
904. TAU
Tel Aviv University Zoological Museum (TAU), part of Steinhardt Museum of Natural History (SMNH), Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv. Obsolete as: TAUM, UTAI, ZMTAU. Current as: TAU (fishes, herps). Also as: SMNHTAU. Israel.
905. HUJ
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Zoological Museum, Jerusalem. Obsolete as: HUJF. Current as: HUJ-F (fishes), HUJ-R (herps), HUJ-PAL (fossils). Israel.
906. MCSNB
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “Enrico Caffi”, Bergamo. Obsolete as: MCSN. Current as: MCSNB (fossils). Also as: MCSNBG (fossils). Bergamo. Italy.
907. MCGS
Museo Archeologico e Naturalistico “Giuseppe Scarabelli”, Imola. Also known as: Museo Civico Giuseppe Scarabelli. Note: founded in 1857. Current as: MCGS (fossils). Bologna. Italy.
908. MGGC
Museo Geologico “Giovanni Capellini”, Università di Bologna, Bologna. Also known as: Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia (MB, MGPC); Capellini Museum. Note: founded 8 March 1860, dedicated to Giovanni Capellini in 1911; some artifacts and fossils transferred to Palazzo Poggi (PP) in 2000. Current as: MGGC (fossils). See also: MZUB (fishes, herps), PP (herps). Bologna. Italy.
909. MZUB
Museo di Zoologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna. Includes: Collezione/Museo di Anatomia Comparata (MACB) assembled by Antonio Alessandrini (1786–1861). Obsolete as: IBI. Current as: MZUB (fishes, herps). Also as: MZ (two herp specimens attributable to Ulisse Aldrovandi collection). See also: MGGC (fossils), PP (herps). Bologna. Italy.
910. PP
Museo Ulisse Aldrovandi in the Palazzo Poggi, Bologna. Includes: part of Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) collection including world's oldest herpetological museum specimens; fossils formerly held by Capellini Museum (MGGC). Current as: PP (herps). See also: MGGC (fossils), MZUB (fishes, herps). Bologna. Italy.
911. MCSNBS
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali, Brescia. Current as: MCSNBS (fossils). Brescia. Italy.
912. IZUCS
Collezione Zoologica, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Island of Sardinia. Obsolete as: MZUC. Current as: IZUCS. See also: MDLCA (fossils). Cagliari. Italy.
913. MDLCA
Museo Sardo di Geologia e Paleontologia “Domenico Lovisato”, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche (DSCG), Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia. Formerly: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (DSTC), combined with other departments in 2012 to form DSCG. Obsolete as: DSTC (fossils). Current as: MDLCA (fossils). See also: IZUCS (fishes, herps). Cagliari. Italy.
914. MSTC
Museo di Scienze della Terra, Università di Catania, Catania. Current as: MSTC (fossils). Catania. Italy.
915. CLC
Museo Universitario dell'Università “G. D'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti. Current as: CLC (fossils, Capasso-registered collection). Chieti. Italy.
916. MCSNFE
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Ferrara. Includes: herpetological collection of Guido Campadelli (Collezione Campadelli) donated in 2005. Current as: MCSNFE (herps). Ferrara. Italy.
917. IGF
Museo di Storia Naturale, collezioni della Sezione di Geologia e Paleontologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze [Florence]. Formerly: Institute of Geology, Firenze [Florence]. Obsolete as: MGPF, MGPUF, MGUF. Current as: IGF (fossils). Also as: MSNFI IGF (fossils). See also: MZUF (fishes, herps). Firenze [Florence]. Italy.
918. ISMF
Istituto [Scuola] di Sanità Militare di Firenze, Firenze [Florence]. Firenze [Florence]. Italy.
919. MZUF
Museo di Storia Naturale, collezioni della Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Università di Firenze, Firenze [Florence]. Also known as: Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze; Museo Zoologico La Specola. Formerly: Imperiale e Reale Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale (IMRC, IRMC, MRF). Includes: new herpetological collection of Benedetto Lanza (NHCL). Obsolete as: IMRC, IRMC, MF, MRF, MZF, NHCL. Current as: MZUF (fishes, herps). See also: IGF (fossils). Firenze [Florence]. Italy.
920. IZUG
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università di Genova [University of Genoa], Genova [Genoa] Note: DISTAV derived from merger of multiple institutes and departments including Dipartimento del Territorio e delle sue Risorse (DTRG), Istituto di Scienze Ambientali Marine and Istituto di Zoologia. Current as: IZUG. Also as: DTRG (sharks). Genova [Genoa]. Italy.
921. MSNG
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” [Civic Museum of Natural History], Genova [Genoa]. Includes: Collection of Marquis Giacomo Doria (MSNGD). Obsolete as: MCG, MCSNG. Current as: MSNG (fishes, herps). Also as: MCSN (insects). Genova [Genoa]. Italy.
922. MPCM
Museo Paleontologico Cittadino di Monfalcone, Monfalcone. Current as: MPCM (fossils). Gorizia. Italy.
923. MNHM
Museo di Storia Naturale della Maremma [Maremma Natural History Museum], Grosseto. Current as: MNHM. Grosseto. Italy.
924. IZA
Istituto di Zoologia, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila. Note: status unknown; some specimens moved to Università di Napoli Federico II (CMSNF/MZN). L'Aquila. Italy.
925. CNHM
Museo di Storia naturale del Salento, Calimera. Also known as: Civic Museum of Natural History in Calimera. Current as: CNHM (fossils). Lecce. Italy.
926. MAUS
Museo dell'Ambiente dell'Università del Salento [Museum of the Environment, University of Salento], Campus Ecotekne, Monteroni di Lecce. Current as: MAUS (fossils). Lecce. Italy.
927. MSNL
Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo, Livorno. Current as: MSNL (sharks). Livorno. Italy.
928. ISPRA
Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Laboratory of Milazzo ichthyological collection, Milazzo, Island of Sicily. Current as: ISPRA (fishes). Messina. Italy.
929. MFV
Museo della Fauna, Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Messina, Messina. Note: Università di Messina formerly associated with Istituto di Idrobiologia in Ganzirri (IIG); institute apparently no longer exists and status of collections unknown. Current as: MFV-ME (mollusks). Messina. Italy.
930. CSI
Acquario e civica stazione Idrobiologica, Milano [Milan]. Milano [Milan]. Italy.
931. MPUM
Museo Paleontologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano [Milan]. Current as: MPUM (fossils). Milano [Milan]. Italy.
932. MSNM
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano [Milan]. Note: partially destroyed in August 1943 during World War II. Includes: extant collection assembled by Giorgio Jan (1791–1866). Obsolete as: MCSN. Current as: MSNM. Also as: BES (fossils). Milano [Milan]. Italy.
933. IPUM
Inventario Paleontologia Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, UNIMORE, Modena. Current as: IPUM (fossils). See also: IZUM (herps). Modena. Italy.
934. IZUM
Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena. Formerly: Università di Modena until 1998. Note: descended from Museo di Storia Naturale del ducato Estense established in 1776. Includes: collections donated by Francesco Testi to Istituto e Museo di Zoologia/Istituto di Zoologia e de Anatomia comparata (IZUM) ca. 1913–1915. Current as: IZUM (herps). Also as: MZAC, MSNM (sharks, Museo di Storia Naturale). See also: IPUM (fossils). Modena. Italy.
935. CMSNF
Centro Musei delle Scienze Naturali e Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli [Naples]. Formerly: Museo Zoologico della Regia Università degli Studi, founded in 1813; Regio Museo Zoologico (RMZ). Includes: fishes from Instituto di Zoologia, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (IZA); herps from university gabinetto di anatomia comparata (GAC) and gabinetto di anatomia generale et patologica (GAGP). Obsolete as: MZUN, RMZ, UNZM. Current as: CMSNF (fossils), MZN (fishes & herps, Museo Zoologico). Napoli [Naples]. Italy.
936. SZN
Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Napoli [Naples]. Current as: SZN. Napoli [Naples]. Italy.
937. MGP
Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia, Centro di Ateneo per i Musei, Università degli Studi di Padova [University of Padua], Padova. Current as: MGP (fossils). Also as: MGP-PD (fossils). See also: MZP. Padova [Padua]. Italy.
938. MZP
Museo di Zoologia, Centro di Ateneo per i Musei, Università di Padova [Università degli Studi di Padova; University of Padua], Padova. Also known as: Museo di Zoologia di Padova. Includes: Gabinetto di Storia Naturale assembled by Antonio Vallisneri, Jr., and his father, Antonio Vallisneri, Sr.; Vallisneri collection donated to University of Padova ca. 1734. Obsolete as: IGB (Instituto Gabinetto), ZMUP. Current as: MZP (fishes). Also as: MZUP (arachnids). See also: MPG (fossils). Padova [Padua]. Italy.
939. MRST
Museo Regionale di Palazzo d'Aumale, Collezione Naturalistica, Terrasini. Also known as: Museo Regionale di Storia Naturale di Terrasini. Current as: MRST. Palermo. Italy.
940. MZUP
Museo Zoologia Pietro Doderlein, Università di Palermo, Palermo. Obsolete as: MZDP, MZP, MZPA. Current as: MZUP. Palermo. Italy.
941. MPP
Museo Paleontologico Parmense, Parma. Note: originated as sezione paleontologica del Gabinetto di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Parma. Current as: MPP (fossils). Parma. Italy.
942. MSNPV
Museo di Storia Naturale, Università di Pavia, Pavia. Also known as: Museo di Pavia, Lombardy (MPI). Obsolete as: MCNPV, MZUP. Current as: MSNPV (fishes, herps, fossils). Pavia. Italy.
943. GS
Galleria di Storia Naturale di Casalina (Deruta) [Natural History Gallery of Casalina], Casalina. Includes: historical collections of the Museo Zoologico della Libera Università di Perugia and Museo di Scienze Naturali del Seminario Arcivescovile di Perugia. Current as: GS (fish), GSDNA (fish DNA). Perugia. Italy.
944. MCSNP
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Piacenza. Also known as: Museo di Storia Naturale. Assigned here: MCSNP. Piacenza. Italy.
945. MSNUP
Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Pisa [Natural History Museum of the University of Pisa], Calci. Also known as: Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio di Calci (MSNT), Museo di Storia Naturale di Pisa (MSNP). Obsolete as: MSNT, PUM. Current as: MSNUP (fossils). Also as: MSNP (invertebrates, fossils). Pisa. Italy.
946. ITCAM
Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Archimede, Modica. Current as: ITCAM (fossils). Ragusa. Italy.
947. MSF
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali, Faenza. Also known as: Malmerendi Museum of Natural Science. Current as: MSF (fossils). Ravenna. Italy.
948. MCRE
Musei Civici di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia. Current as: MCRE (fossils). Reggio Emilia. Italy.
949. CVSRSN
Società Romana di Scienze Naturali, Roma [Rome]. Current as: CVSRSN (herps). Also as: SRSN (herps). Roma [Rome]. Italy.
950. MCZR
Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma [Rome]. Includes: herp collections donated by Massimo Capula between 1975–2009, Claudio Bagnoli in 2007 and Sergio Zerunian in 2007; herp collections acquired in 2007–2008 from Istituto di Zoologia “F. Raffaele”, Sapienza Università di Roma, and in 2009 from Laboratorio Centrale di Idrobiologia. Note: collection temporarily associated with Giardino Zoologico di Roma (MZGZ) from ca. 1932 to 1980s. Obsolete as: MZGZ. Current as: MCZR (fishes, herps). Also as: MCZRVR (reptiles). See also: MDBR (Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo), MPUR (fossils). Roma [Rome]. Italy.
951. MDBR
Museo di Anatomia Comparata “Battista Grassi”, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin (BBCD), Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” [Sapienza University of Rome], Roma [Rome]. Formerly: Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo until 2010. Includes: Marco Bologna Collection (MBC). Current as: MDBR (herps). Also as: MACR (sharks). See also: MCZR (Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma), MPUR (fossils). Roma [Rome]. Italy.
952. MPUR
Museo Paleontologia Università Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” [Sapienza University of Rome], Roma [Rome]. Note: currently part of Museo Universitario di Scienze della Terra (MUST). Current as: MPUR (fossils). See also: MCZR (fishes, herps), MDBR (Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo). Roma [Rome]. Italy.
953. MZURT
Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata [Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy], Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma [Rome]. Includes: Marco A. Bologna Collection. Note: founded in 2001–2002 in Department of Biology, transferred to Department of Environmental Biology in 2008. Current as: MZURT (insects). Roma [Rome]. Italy.
954. MUSNAF
Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Accademia dei Fisiocritici, Siena. Current as: MUSNAF (fossils). Siena. Italy.
955. DMMI
Dolomythos-Museum, Innichen [San Candido]. Also known as: DoloMythos—The Natural Heritage of Humanity Museum; Museo Dolomythos. Note: fossils cited according to locality, as in PZIF (fossils from Piz da Peres, Furkel Pass). Assigned here: DMMI (fossils). South Tyrol. Italy.
956. MGR
Museo Geologico di Redagno, Bolzano [Bozen]. Current as: MGR (fossils). South Tyrol. Italy.
957. PZO
Museo di Scienze Naturali dell'Alto Adige [Museum of Natural Sciences of South Tyrol], Bolzano [Bozen]. Also known as: Natur-Museum Bozen (NMB), Naturmuseum Südtirol (NMS). Includes: fossils from Kühwiesenkopf (KUH or KÜH). Obsolete as: NMB. Current as: PZO (fossils). Also as: NMS (fossils). South Tyrol. Italy.
958. IAMC-CNR
Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Taranto. Taranto. Italy.
959. CBD
Private collection of G.A.C Balma & G.B. Delmastro, Torino [Turin]. Also known as: Collezione Ittiologica Balma-Delmastro. Torino [Turin]. Italy.
960. MCCI
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Torino [Turin]. Note: distinct from Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino (MRSN). Obsolete as: MCC, MCSNC, MSNC. Current as: MCCI (fishes, herps). Torino [Turin]. Italy.
961. MDHC
Massimo Delfino Herpetological Collection, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino [University of Turin], Torino [Turin]. Current as: MDHC (herps). See also: MRSN. Torino [Turin]. Italy.
962. MRSN
Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Torino [Turin]. Includes: historical collections owned by Università degli Studi di Torino [University of Turin], but housed and managed by MRSN, specifically Museo di Zoologia (MZUT), Museo di Anatomia Comparata (MACUT) and Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia (MGPT-PU); recent collections assembled after MRSN established in 1978. Obsolete as: IMZUT, MRSNT, MSNT, MSNTO, MUZT, PU. Current as: MRSN (modern collections), MACUT & MZUT (Università di Torino historical collections), MGPT-PU (fossils). See also: MDHC. Torino [Turin]. Italy.
963. MTSN
Museo delle Scienze di Trento (MUSE), Trento. Formerly: Museo civico di storia naturale di Trento (1922–1964); Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali (1964–2013). Current as: MTSN (herps). Also as: MUSE (fossils). Trentino. Italy.
964. MCSNT
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste [Civic Museum of Natural History of Trieste], Trieste. Obsolete as: MCSN, MCST (insects), MSNT (fossils). Current as: MCSNT. Trieste. Italy.
965. MFSN
Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine. Current as: MFSN (fossils). Udine. Italy.
966. MCSNIO
Civico Museo Insubrico di Storia Naturale, Induno Olona. Current as: MCSNIO (fossils). Also as: CMISNIO (fossils). Varese. Italy.
967. MSNVE
Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, Venezia [Venice]. Formerly: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. Obsolete as: MSNV, MVEN (formally replaced). Current as: MSNVE. Venezia [Venice]. Italy.
968. MSND
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Domodossola, Domodossola. Also known as: Museo di Storia Naturale “G.G. Galletti” di Domodossola. Note: founded in 1875. Current as: MSND (herps). Verbano-Cusio-Ossola. Italy.
969. IGVR
Museo Geopaleontologico di Camposilvano, Velo Veronese. Current as: IGVR (fossils). Verona. Italy.
970. MCSNV
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Verona. Includes: Museo Zangheri della Romagna. Obsolete as: MCSN. Current as: MCSNV (fossils). Also as: MCVR (Lepidoptera), MSNV (Coleoptera), MSNVR (decapods). Verona. Italy.
971. MCV
Museo Naturalistico Archeologico, Musei Civici Vicenza, Vicenza. Current as: MCV (fossils). Vicenza. Italy.
972. FAT
Museo Illustrissimi Comitis Francisci Annibalis Turriani. Note: no longer extant; specimens apparently not at Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino (MRSN) or Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW). Italy.
973. AKPM
Akita Prefectural Museum, Akita. Current as: AKPM (fishes). Akita. Japan.
974. ACAP
Aquaculture Center of Aomori Prefecture [Aomoriken Suisan Zoshoku Senta], Higashitsugaru. Current as: ACAP (fishes). Aomori. Japan.
975. APM
Aomori Prefectural Museum, Aomori. Aomori. Japan.
976. CBM
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. Current as: CBM-ZF (fishes). See also: CMNH. Chiba. Japan.
977. CMNH
Fish Collection of Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Yoshio. Note: located in Yoshio, separate from collection in Chiba city. Current as: CMNH-ZF (fishes). See also: CBM. Chiba. Japan.
978. NMJH
National Museum of Japanese History, Sakura. Also known as: Rekihaku. Current as: NMJH (fossils). Chiba. Japan.
979. EUB
Ehime University, Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Science, Matsuyama. Ehime. Japan.
980. MGHSJ
Matuyama Girl's High School, Matuyama. Ehime. Japan.
981. FPDM
Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama. Includes: fossil collection transferred from Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences (HMNS) following its closure in 2015. Current as: FPDM (fossil fishes, herps). Fukui. Japan.
982. FUE
Fukuoka University of Education, Munakata. Current as: FUE (amphibians). Fukuoka. Japan.
983. JNC
Private collection of Jun Nakajima, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu. Current as: JNC (fishes). Also as: JNCP. Fukuoka. Japan.
984. KMNH
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushyu. Current as: KMNH (fishes), KMNH VP (Department of Vertebrate Paleontology). Fukuoka. Japan.
985. LFBKU
Kyushu University, Laboratory of Fishery Biology, Fukuoka. Formerly: Kyushu Imperial University. Fukuoka. Japan.
986. QUYK
Private collection of Yuichi Kano, Kyushu University, Fukuoka. Current as: QUYK (fishes, herps). Fukuoka. Japan.
987. IMCF
Iwaki City Museum of Coal and Fossils, Iwaki. Note: questionably the same as Iwaki Museum of Natural History (IMNH). Current as: IMCF (fossils). Fukushima. Japan.
988. GPM
Gifu Prefectural Museum, Seki. Current as: GPM (fossils). Gifu. Japan.
989. MFM
Mizunami City Fossil Museum, Mizunami. Current as: MFM (fossils). Gifu. Japan.
990. GMNH
Gunma Museum of Natural History, Tomioka. Current as: GMNH PV (fossils). Gumna. Japan.
991. JSC
Japan Snake Center, Ota. Gunma. Japan.
992. HNSM
Hiwa Natural Sciences Museum, Hiwa. Current as: HNSM (fossils). Hiroshima. Japan.
993. IABHU
Institute for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima. Current as: IABHU (amphibians). See also: ZIHU. Hiroshima. Japan.
994. ZIHU
Hiroshima University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences [formerly Zoological Institute], Hiroshima. See also: IABHU (amphibians). Hiroshima. Japan.
995. AMP
Ashoro Museum of Paleontology, Ashoro. Current as: AMP (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
996. BIHM
Bihoro Museum, Abashiri. Current as: BIHM (fishes). Hokkaido. Japan.
997. HCM
Hakodate City Museum, Hakodate. Formerly: Hakodate Museum. Note: some historical specimens lost. Hokkaido. Japan.
998. HMC
Hidaka Mountain Center, Hidaka. Current as: HMC (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
999. HMG
Hobetsu Museum, Mukawa. Current as: HMG (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1000. HMH
Historical Museum of Hokkaido, Sapporo. Current as: HMH (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1001. HUMZ
The Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, and Fisheries Science Center, Hakodate. Formerly: Hokkaido University, Marine Zoology Laboratory. Obsolete as: HUNHM. Current as: HUMZ (fishes). See also: UHR (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1002. MCM
Mikasa City Museum, Mikasa. Current as: MCM (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1003. NFL
Numata Fossils Laboratory, Numata. Current as: NFL (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1004. NM
Nakagawa Museum, Nakagawa. Current as: NM (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1005. OM
Obira Museum, Obira. Current as: OM (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1006. SMAC
Sapporo Museum Activity Center, Sapporo. Current as: SMAC (fossils). Hokkaido. Japan.
1007. UHR
The Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo. Current as: UHR (fossils). See also: HUMZ. Hokkaido. Japan.
1008. TMBS
Tatsuo Tanaka Memorial Biological Laboratory, Ako, Miyake-jima, Izu Islands. Note: lab closed, collection transferred to National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT). Hyogo. Japan.
1009. GSJ
Geological Survey of Japan, Geological Museum, Tsukuba. Current as: GSJ (fossils). Ibaraki. Japan.
1010. INM
Ibaraki Nature Museum, Bando. Current as: INM (fishes). Ibaraki. Japan.
1011. TKD
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba. Current as: EESUT (fossils, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences), IBUT (Institute of Biological Sciences), IGUT, TKD (fossils, Institute of Geoscience). Ibaraki. Japan.
1012. SBEI
Museum of the Shiramine Board of Education, Hakusan City. Current as: SBEI (fossils). Ishikawa. Japan.
1013. FSKU
Kitasato University, School of Fisheries Sciences, Sanriku [now part of Ōfunato], Kesen. Current as: FSKU (fishes). Iwate. Japan.
1014. IPMM
Iwate Prefectural Museum, Morioka. Current as: IPMM (fossils). Iwate. Japan.
1015. KAUM
Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto. Includes: fishes donated from Kagoshima University Faculty of Fisheries except T. Ozawa larval fish collection (disposed of in 2003). Obsolete as: KMJ (herps). Current as: KAUM-I (fishes), KAUM-II (fish images), KAUM-VE (vertebrates including herps but not fishes), KGU (fossils). Kagoshima. Japan.
1016. KPM
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara. Includes: fishes fromt Izu Oceanic Park (IOP, IOPM), Ito, Shizuoka. Current as: KPM-NFA (amphibians), KPM-NI (fishes), KPM-NR (Image Database of Fishes). Kanagawa. Japan.
1017. YCM
Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka. Current as: YCM-P (fishes). Kanagawa. Japan.
1018. YNUGI
Geological Institute, Yokohama National University, Yokohama. Current as: YNUGI (fossils). Kanagawa. Japan.
1019. BSKU
Kochi University, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi. Formerly: Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science until April 2017. Includes: material from Usa Marine Biological Laboratory and Kochi University, Faculty of Agriculture (FAKOU). Obsolete as: FAKOU, ZIKU. Current as: BSKU (fishes). See also: KCU (fossils). Kochi. Japan.
1020. FAKU
Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Yoshida (main campus), Sakyo. Formerly: Kyoto Imperial University (1897–1947). Note: FAKU established in 1947 by Kiyomatsu Matsubara (1907–1968) in the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Maizuru campus; expanded to Yoshida campus upon relocation of Department of Fisheries in 1972 and continued at Maizuru campus in newly established Fisheries Research Station; Yoshida campus collection moved to Kyoto University Museum (KUM) in 2001 (FAKU 60000–99999, ≥200000 and FAKU P) which also houses specimens formerly at Kyoto University Seto Marine Biological Laboratory (SMBL) and Otsu Hydrobiological Station (OHS); Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Aquatic Natural History Museum, houses other part of FAKU collection (FAKU 1000∼59999 and 100000∼199999 [ex FRSKU]) including some specimens formerly at MIKU. Obsolete as: FRSKU, KUM. Current as: FAKU (fishes). See also: KUHE (herps), KUZ (Department of Zoology), MIKU, SMBL. Kochi. Japan.
1021. KCU
Kochi University, Kochi. Current as: KCU (fossils). See also: BSKU (Recent fishes). Kochi. Japan.
1022. KSHS
Kochi Senior High School, Kitabata, Kochi City. Note: Takeshi Yamakawa fish collection at KSHS transferred to National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT) in 2012. Also as: HSHS. See also: NSMT. Kochi. Japan.
1023. KCM
Kumamoto City Museum, Kumamoto. Current as: KCM (fossils). Kumamoto. Japan.
1024. MDM
Mifune Dinosaur Museum, Mifune. Current as: MDM (fossils). Kumamoto. Japan.
1025. KUHE
Kyoto University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies. Current as: KUHE (herps). See also: FAKU (fishes), KUZ (Department of Zoology). Kyoto. Japan.
1026. KUZ
Kyoto University, Department of Zoology Museum, Kyoto. Current as: KUZ. Also as: KUZR. See also: FAKU (fishes), KUHE (herps). Kyoto. Japan.
1027. FRLM
Fish Collection of the Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, Wagu, Shima. Current as: FRLM (fishes). Mie. Japan.
1028. MPM
Mie Prefectural Museum, Tsu. Note: original Mie Prefectural Museum opened in 1953 and closed in 2014; current museum opened on new site in 2014. Current as: MPM (fishes). Also as: MPMQ. Mie. Japan.
1029. TUM
Tohoku University Museum, Sendai. Obsolete as: TU (fossils). Current as: TUM (fossils). Miyagi. Japan.
1030. MUFS
Division of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki. Obsolete as: FLMU (Fisheries Laboratory), MUDF. Current as: MUFS (fishes). Miyazaki. Japan.
1031. MSFM
Matsumoto Shiga Fossil Museum, Matsumoto. Current as: MSFM (fossils). Nagano. Japan.
1032. FFNU
Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki. Obsolete as: FNU. Current as: FFNU (fishes). Nagasaki. Japan.
1033. NUFES
Nagasaki University Fisheries Experimental Station, Nagasaki. Note: marine laboratory transferred from School of Medicine to Faculty of Fisheries in 1961; reorganized into Marine Research Institute in 1997; discontinued in 2005 with establishment of Institute for East China Sea Research in 2005; status of collections unknown. See also: FFNU. Nagasaki. Japan.
1034. SNFR
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Nagasaki. Nagasaki. Japan.
1035. KUN
Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi. Formerly: Kinki University until 2016. Obsolete as: FAK (in use 1964–2000) and FKUN (in use 2000–2008 for Department of Fisheries). Current as: KUN-P (fishes). Nara. Japan.
1036. NUSMBS
Niigata University, Faculty of Science, Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata. Niigata. Japan.
1037. SICC
Sado Island Community Center, Sado. Current as: SICC (fossils). Niigata. Japan.
1038. KHPC
Private collection of Kazuo Hoshino, Ōita. Current as: KHPC (fishes). Ōita. Japan.
1039. OCF
Okinawa Churashima Foundation Research Center, Kunigami. Includes: fish collection cataloged at the University of the Ryukyus by Mr. Tetsuo Yoshino first using the code URB and later URM, URM-P and URM-PL. Current as: OCF-P (fishes, although specimens formerly deposited at the University of the Ryukyus still cited as URM-P). See also: RUMF. Okinawa. Japan.
1040. OPM
Okinawa Prefectural Museum & Art Museum, Naha. Okinawa. Japan.
1041. RUMF
Ryukyu University Museum (Fujukan), Nishihara. Also known as: Museum of the University of the Ryukyus. Note: status of collections originally associated with Ryukyu University Department of Zoology (URB, URM) and College of Agriculture and Home Economics (URJ, 1954–1958) at RUMF not investigated. Obsolete as: MUR. Current as: RUMF-ZV (fishes, herps), RUMF-GF (fossils). See also: OCF (fishes). Okinawa. Japan.
1042. SMLVO
Subtropical Marine Laboratory, Iriomote Marine Research Centre [formerly Station], Tokai University, Iriomote Island. Okinawa. Japan.
1043. URJ
College of Agriculture and Home Economics, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Ryukyu Islands. Note: official name from 1954–1958; eventually became College of Agriculture in 1967; URJ assigned by Wallach et al. (2014). See also: RUMF. Okinawa. Japan.
1044. YMHF
Yaese Museum of History and Folklore, Yaese. Current as: YMHF-MA (fossils). Okinawa. Japan.
1045. KSNHM
Natural History Museum, Kishiwada. Current as: KSNHM (fossils). Osaka. Japan.
1046. MIKU
Misaki Marine Biological Institute, Misaki-Koen. Note: founded in 1958, closed ca. 1970; collection included fishes from 1958 Amami (Kagoshima) Expedition by K. Matsubara; most specimens lost, some transferred to Kyoto University Museum and Maizuru Fisheries Research Station (FAKU). Collection distinct from Misaki Marine Biological Station of the University of Tokyo. See also: FAKU. Osaka. Japan.
1047. OKU
Osaka Kyoiku University, Department of Arts and Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences. Osaka. Japan.
1048. OMNH
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka. Current as: OMNH (fishes, herps, fossils). Osaka. Japan.
1049. LBM
Lake Biwa Museum, Oroshimo, Kusatsu. Current as: LBM (fishes). Shiga. Japan.
1050. SSOFM
Shimane Nature Museum of Mt. Sanbe, Shimane. Formerly: Sanbe Shizenkan Open Field Museum. Also as: SAHIMEL. Shimane. Japan.
1051. FSFRL
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Research Agency, Shimizu, Shizuoka. Formerly: Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory (FSFL). Note: fishes transferred to National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT) ca. 2009. Shizuoka. Japan.
1052. HVMSH
Heda Shipbuilding Local Data/Bottom Feeder Museum, Heda [town merged with Numazu]. Shizuoka. Japan.
1053. IORD
Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, Shimizu. Note: some fishes transferred to National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT). See also: MSM, TMFE. Shizuoka. Japan.
1054. MSM
Marine Science Museum, Tokai University, Shimizu. Current as: MSM. Also as: MSMTU (crustaceans). See also: IORD, TMFE. Shizuoka. Japan.
1055. SPMN
Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka. Current as: SPMN (fishes). Shizuoka. Japan.
1056. TMFE
Elasmobranchii Collection, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shimizu, Shizuoka. Obsolete as: TUMF. Current as: TMFE (fishes). See also: IORD, MSM. Shizuoka. Japan.
1057. TKPM
Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Tokushima. Current as: TKPM (fishes). Tokushima. Japan.
1058. ABE
Private collection of Tokiharu Abe. Note: some fish types were housed at Tokyo fish market; collection to be transferred to The University Museum, University of Tokyo (ZUMT). Tokyo. Japan.
1059. BLIP
Biological Laboratory, Imperial Palace, Tokyo. Obsolete as: BLIH (Imperial Household), LIAIP (Laboratory of Ichthyology, Akasaka Imperial Palace), LICPP (Laboratory of Ichthyology, The Crown Prince's Palace). Current as: BLIP (fishes). Tokyo. Japan.
1060. IBRP
Institute for Breeding Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo. Tokyo. Japan.
1061. MTUF
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Museum of Fishery Sciences, Tokyo. Formerly: Museum of Tokyo University of Fisheries (TUF), descended from the Imperial Fisheries Institute (IFI). Obsolete as: TUF, TUFIL, TUFLFB (Laboratory of Fishery Biology). Current as: MTUF (fishes). Tokyo. Japan.
1062. NIPR
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo. Tokyo. Japan.
1063. NSMT
National Museum of Nature and Science, Ueno Park, Tokyo. Formerly: National Science Museum, Ueno Museum, Tokyo Museum, Tokyo Science Museum, Tokyo Zoological Museum (TZM). Includes: fishes from National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (FSFL/FSFRL) and Tatsuo Tanaka Memorial Biological Laboratory (TMBS), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo; Takeshi Yamakawa's fish collection transferred from Kochi Senior High School (KSHS) in 2012. Obsolete as: NMNS, NSMT-PL (typographic error), TZM. Current as: NSMT-P (fishes), NSM-PV (fossils). Tokyo. Japan.
1064. ORIT
University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute, Tokyo. Note: most fish types now at The University Museum, University of Tokyo (ZUMT). Tokyo. Japan.
1065. THUg
Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo. Obsolete as: TUTg (Teikyo University of Technology). Current as: THUg (fossils). Tokyo. Japan.
1066. WIRI
Watanabe Ichthyological Research Institute, Tokyo. Current as: WIRI (fishes). Tokyo. Japan.
1067. ZUMT
The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. Formerly: Tokyo Imperial University (TIU, 1897–1947); University Storage Center for Research Materials (FUMT, 1966–1997). Includes: specimens formerly in the Fisheries Bureau of the Imperial Department of Agriculture and Commerce and most fish types from University of Tokyo Ocean Research Institute (ORIT). Obsolete as: FUMT (Department of Fisheries), MUT, TIU, UMUTZ, ZIUT, ZMUT. Current as: UMUT (fossils), ZUMT (fishes, herps). Tokyo. Japan.
1068. TOYA
Toyama Science Museum, Toyama. Current as: TOYA-P (fishes). Toyama. Japan.
1069. KMPC
Kushimoto Marine Park Center, Kushimoto-chu, Nishimuro-gun, Kii Peninsula. Wakayama. Japan.
1070. SMBL
Kyoto University Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Shirahama, Nishimuro District. Note: established in 1922, integrated into Field Science Education and Research Center (FSERC) in 2003; collection developed by Chuichi Araga; most specimens transferred to Kyoto University Museum and recataloged under FAKU. See also: FAKU. Wakayama. Japan.
1071. WMNH
Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Kainan. Current as: WMNH (fishes). Wakayama. Japan.
1072. SUF
National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki. Formerly: Shimonoseki University of Fisheries (1963–1994), among others. Current as: SUF. Also as: NFUS (crustaceans). Yamaguchi. Japan.
1073. YFTC
Yamanashi Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Ushiku, Kai. Yamanashi. Japan.
1074. MSSA
Marine Science Station, Aqaba. Jordan.
1075. UJ
University of Jordan, Amman. Current as: UJZM (Zoological Museum), UJA (fossils, Department of Geology). Jordan.
1076. YU
Jordanian Natural History Museum, Al Yarmouk University, Irbid. Current as: YUPS (Palaeontology-Selachii, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences). Jordan.
1077. DBQA
Museum of Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty [formerly Alma-Ata and Verny]. Current as: DBQA (herps). Also as: KNU (fishes). Kazakhstan.
1078. IZK
Institute of Zoology, Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences [Kazakh Academy of Sciences], Almaty [formerly Alma-Ata and Verny]. Current as: IZK (fossils). Also as: IZASK, ZIA (Zoological Institute). Kazakhstan.
1079. BAR
Kipsaraman Museum, Baringo. Note: affiliated with National Museums of Kenya (NMK). Current as: BAR (fossils). Kenya.
1080. BK
Bio-Ken Snake Farm, Watamu. Kenya.
1081. NMK
National Museums of Kenya, Directorate of Research and Collections, Zoology Department, Nairobi. Formerly: Coryndon Museum (1930–1964). Obsolete as: KNM (fossils). Current as: NMK FW (fishes) and NMK (herps, fossils). Kenya.
1082. NHMK
Kuwait Science and Natural History Museum, Safat, Kuwait City. Formerly: Natural History Museum, Kuwait; Educational Science Museum. Note: opened to public in 1972 under auspice of Crown Prince Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah. Current as: NHMK (cetaceans). Also as: KNHM. Kuwait.
1083. IBKB
Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek. Kyrgyzstan.
1084. LARReC
Living Aquatic Resources Research Centre, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane. Obsolete as: DFV (Division of Fisheries), LARRI. Current as: LARReC (fishes). Vientiane. Laos.
1085. NEM
Nam Lik Eco Village Museum, Ban That-Wang Monh. Also known as: Namlik Ecovillage. Current as: NEM (herps). Vientiane. Laos.
1086. NUOL
National University of Laos (NUoL), Zoological Collection, Vientiane. Current as: NUOL (fishes, herps). Also as: FES (mammals, Faculty of Environmental Sciences). Vientiane. Laos.
1087. LDM
Latvijas Dabas muzejs [Latvian Museum of Natural History], Riga. Includes: natural history collections of the Himsel Museum, Riga. Note: descended from museum of Riga Naturalist Society founded in 1845. Current as: LDM (fossils). Also as: LMNH (entomology). Latvia.
1088. AUBM
American University of Beirut, Natural History Museum, Beirut. Current as: AUBM (fishes). Also as: AUB (mammals). Lebanon.
1089. LNM
Lesotho National Museum, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment, Maseru. Lesotho.
1090. UT
University of Tripoli [Al-Fateh University], Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Paleontological Collections, Tripoli. Note: some fossils temporarily held at Université de Poitiers, France (UP); fossils housed at University of Tripoli sometimes cited by site only. Current as: UT (fossils), DT (fossils from Dur At-Talah site, Libya), Z7I (fossils from Zallah 7 Incision locality, Libya). Libya.
1091. KNP
El Kouf National Park natural history collection. Current as: KNP (herps). Libya.
1092. MBRC
Marine Biology Research Centre, Tajura, Tripoli. Current as: MBRC (herps). Libya.
1093. NHMT
Assaraya Alhamra Museum [The Red Castle or The Red Fort], Tripoli. Also known as: Assaray Al-hamra Museum; Libyan Museum of Natural History; Museo Libico di Storia Naturale. Note: Founded in 1919 during Italian occupation, renamed Classical Museum in 1930s, became The Libyan Museum in 1948 during British occupation; opened to public as Assaraya Alhamra Museum; vandalized 20 August 2011 during civil war; current status of collections unknown. Current as: NHMT (fossils). Libya.
1094. ZCT
Zoological Collection at Taraghen [Traghan], Murzuq District. Includes: herp specimens deposited by Adel A. Ibrahim. Current as: ZCT (herps). Libya.
1095. MNHNL
Nationalmusée fir Naturgeschicht [Musée national d'histoire naturelle, National Museum of Natural History], Luxembourg. Obsolete as: MHNL, MNHNLU. Current as: MNHNL (fossils). Luxembourg.
1096. MMNHS
Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje. Also as: MHNNS. Macedonia.
1097. CAD
Private collection of Charles A. Domergue (herps). Note: presumably in Madagascar. Madagascar.
1098. CNRO
Centre National de Recherches Oceanographiques, Nosy-Be [Nossi-bé]. Madagascar.
1099. IRSM
Institut de Recherche Scientifique de Madagascar (1946–1957), Antananarivo [Tana]. Note: fishes mostly transferred to Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Madagascar.
1100. UADBA
Université d'Antananarivo, Département de Biologie Animale, Antananarivo [Tana]. Obsolete as: ZIAU (Zoological Institute). Current as: UADBA (fishes, herps). Also as: UA and UAN (fossils). Madagascar.
1101. MFRU
Malawi Fisheries Research Unit, Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Environmental Affairs, Monkey Bay. Current as: MFRU. Also as: MFU. Malawi.
1102. MOM
Top Mandala [Old Museum Building], National Museums of Malawi, Blantyre. Formerly: Nyasaland Museum. Note: Museums of Malawi consists of five facilities, Top Mandala, Chichiri Museum, Lake Malawi Museum, Regional Mzuzu Museum and Gallery and Mtengatenga Postal Hut Museum; Top Mandala Museum serves as storage for collections and administrative headquarters for federal Department of Museums and Monuments. Current as: MOM, MOM-Hepe (herps). Also as: MMCM (entomology). Malawi.
1103. UMBC
University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe. Malawi.
1104. LRCUKM
Langkawi Research Center of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Pulau Langkawi (island). Current as: LRCUKM (herps). See also: UKMHC (herps). Kedah. Malaysia.
1105. IMRKL
Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
1106. NMM
National Museum Malaysia [Muzium Negara], Kuala Lumpur. Formerly: Selangor State Museum (SM, SSMKL), member of Federated Malay States Museums (FMSM), partially destroyed 10 Mar 1945 during WWII, although some Duncker specimens survived at The Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK). Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
1107. UMKL
University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences, Museum of Zoology, Kuala Lumpur. Also as: BIRCUM. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
1108. FRIM
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. Also known as: Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia. Current as: FRIM (herps). Kuala Lumpur/Selangor. Malaysia.
1109. FRIGL
Fisheries Research Institute, Glami Lemi, Jelebu. Current as: FRIGL (fishes). Negeri Sembilan. Malaysia.
1110. DWNP
Zoological Museum, Institute for Biodiversity (IBD), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), Lanchang. Current as: DWNP (fishes, herps). Pahang. Malaysia.
1111. FRI
Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Gelugor. Penang. Malaysia.
1112. USMHC
Universiti Sains Malaysia Herpetological Collection, School of Biological Sciences, Gelugor. Current as: USMHC (herps). Penang. Malaysia.
1113. FRC
Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sepilok. Sabah. Malaysia.
1114. FRCL
Fisheries Research Centre [Pusat Penyelidikan Perikanan], Likas, Kota Kinabalu. Sabah. Malaysia.
1115. IPMB
Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo, Aquarium & Marine Museum of University Malaysia Sabah [Universiti Malaysia Sabah], Kota Kinabalu. Also known as: Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI). Obsolete as: BMRI. Current as: IPMB. Also as: UMSB (not confirmed). See also: ITBC. Sabah. Malaysia.
1116. ITBC
Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Zoological Collection [BORNEENSIS], Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu. Current as: ITBC. Also as: BORN (amphibians), UMSB (not confirmed). See also: IPMB. Sabah. Malaysia.
1117. MUS
Muzium Sabah [Sabah Museum], Jalan Muzium, Kota Kinabalu. Also known as: Sabah State Museum (SSM). Formerly: North Borneo Museum, Sandakan. Obsolete as: SBM, SM, SSM. Current as: MUS (bony fishes, herps), SMEC (elasmobranchs) with registration no. for zoological specimens preceded by NH. Sabah. Malaysia.
1118. SP
Sabah Parks Natural History Museum [Kinabalu Park Museum], Kinabalu Conservation Center at Kinabalu Park Headquarters. Obsolete as: SPM. Current as: SP (fishes, herps). Sabah. Malaysia.
1119. IPPS
Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan Sarawak [Fisheries Research Institute Sarawak (FRIS)], Kuching. Sarawak. Malaysia.
1120. SBC
Sarawak Biodiversity Center, Kuching. Note: founded in 1998. Sarawak. Malaysia.
1121. SMK
Muzium Sejarah Semulajadi [Sarawak Natural History Museum], Kuching. Also as: SM. Sarawak. Malaysia.
1122. SRC
Sarawak Research Collections, Forest Research Center, Kuching. Current as: SRC (herps). Also as: FRCS (arachnids). Sarawak. Malaysia.
1123. SRWK
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching. Current as: SRWK-P (fishes). Also as: UNIMAS (fishes). Sarawak. Malaysia.
1124. UKMHC
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Herpetological Collection, Bangi. Also known as: National University of Malaysia. Current as: UKMHC (herps). Also as: HC (herps). See also: LRCUKM (Langkawi Research Center). Selangor. Malaysia.
1125. UMT
South China Sea Biodiversity Museum at Institute of Oceanography, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. Current as: UMT (fishes). Terengganu. Malaysia.
1126. CNRST-SUNY
Joint collection of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Bamako, Republic of Mali, and Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. Note: fossils belonging to the Republic of Mali to be transferred to American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in 2019. Current as: CNRST-SUNY (fossils). Mali.
1127. MMB
National Museum of Malí, Bamako. Also known as: Musée national du Mali. Current as: MMB (fossils). Mali.
1128. CBRG
Conservation Biology Research Group Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida. Current as: CBRG/F. (fishes). Malta.
1129. NMNHM
National Museum of Natural History, Mdina. Includes: some sharks from Guido Lanfranco collection. Assigned here: NMNHM. Malta.
1130. NHMI
Natural History Museum and Institute, Port Louis. Mauritius.
1131. UAA
Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Museo de Zoología, Aguascalientes. Aguascalientes. Mexico.
1132. UABC
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada. Current as: CI-UABC (fishes), CMMEX (herps), CVUABC (vertebrates). Also as: UABC (fishes). Baja California. Mexico.
1133. CIBN
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz. Obsolete as: CIBM. Current as: CIBN (fishes). Also as: CIB (fishes). Baja California Sur. Mexico.
1134. CICIMAR
Colección Ictiológica del Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz. Current as: CICIMAR-CI (fishes, non-ichthyoplankton), CICIMAR (ichthyoplankton). Also as: CI, CI-CICIMAR. Baja California Sur. Mexico.
1135. UABCS
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz. Current as: MHN-UABCS (fishes). Also as: MZUABCS (fishes). Baja California Sur. Mexico.
1136. ECO-SC
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Includes: herp collection formerly at Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones En Recursos Bióticos (INIREB). Obsolete as: CFSHER (herps). Current as: ECO-SC-P (fishes), ECO-SC-H (herps). Also as: ECOSC (fishes). Chiapas. Mexico.
1137. IHN
Instituto de Historia Natural de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Formerly: Museo de Zoología de Tuxtla Gutiérrez (MZTG). Obsolete as: MZTG. Current as: IHN (herps). Chiapas. Mexico.
1138. MZ-UNICACH
Universidad de Ciencias y Artes del Estado de Chiapas, Museo Zoológico, Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Obsolete as: MZ-ICACH, MZ-P-UNICACH. Current as: MZ-UNICACH (fishes, herps). Also as: UNICACH-MZ. Chiapas. Mexico.
1139. BMCHIHUAHUA
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Current as: BMCHIHUAHUA (fishes). Chihuahua. Mexico.
1140. CCVUACJ
Colección Científica de Vertebrados (CCV), Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ). Current as: CCVUACJ (herps). Chihuahua. Mexico.
1141. CHFCB
Colección Herpetológica Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango. Current as: CHFCB (herps). Durango. Mexico.
1142. CIIDIR-DGO
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Durango, Durango. Durango. Mexico.
1143. MADUG
Museo de Historia Natural “Alfredo Dugès”, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato. Includes: fishes and herps studied by Alfredo Augusto Delsescautz Dugès (1826–1910). Obsolete as: ADM. Current as: MADUG-IC (fishes, Colección Ictiológica), MDUG (herps). Guanajuato. Mexico.
1144. CIB-UAEH
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Pachuca. Obsolete as: CIB. Current as: CI-CIB (fishes, Colección Ictiológica), CH-CIB (herps), UAHMP (fossils, Museo de Paleontología). Also as: CIB-UAEH (herps). Hidalgo. Mexico.
1145. ITAH
Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes. Hidalgo. Mexico.
1146. COHERP-UAG
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Colección Herpetológica, Guadalajara. Current as: COHERP-UAG. Also as: UAG (herps). Jalisco. Mexico.
1147. IMECBIO
Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto Manantlán de Ecología y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Colección de Vertebrados. Formerly: Colección Zoológica del Laboratorio Natural Las Joyas de la Sierra de Manantlán. Current as: IMECBIO. Also as: LNLJ. Jalisco. Mexico.
1148. CNAR
Colección Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City. Includes: herps from Dirección General de Fauna Silvestre Secretaria de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecología, Coyoacán (DGFSSEDUE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales, Unidad Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz (ENEPI) and Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chapultepec (MNHNM). Obsolete as: IBH, IBHUNAM, IBM. Current as: CNAR (herps). See also: MZFC. Mexico City. Mexico.
1149. CNPE-IBUNAM
Colección Nacional de Peces, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City. Includes: fishes from Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chapultepec (MNHNM) and Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales, Unidad Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz (ENEPI). Obsolete as: CNP-IBUNAM, IBUNAM-CNPE, IBUNAM-P, UNAM, UNAM-CNP, UNAM-CNPE. Current as: CNPE-IBUNAM (preferred for citation in publications although IBUNAM currently used to catalog fishes). Mexico City. Mexico.
1150. ENCB
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City. Obsolete as: IPN, IPN-ENCB, IPNM. Current as: ENCB (herps), ENCB-IPN-P (fishes, Colección Nacional de Peces Dulceacuícolas Mexicanos), ENCB-IPN-LEM (fishes, Colección de Peces del Laboratorio de Ecología Marina). Mexico City. Mexico.
1151. ENEPZ
Museo Zoológico de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales, Zaragoza, Campus II, Mexico City. Mexico City. Mexico.
1152. GECM
Geographical and Exploring Commission of the Republic of México collection of the World Exhibition in New Orleans, LA, 1879–1885. Note: original collection destroyed by fire 29 Aug 1884, second collection Oct 1884–Jan 1885. Mexico City. Mexico.
1153. IGM
Colección Nacional de Paleontología, Museo María del Carmen Perrilliat, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City. Obsolete as: IGM-CMR (Recent fishes). Current as: IGM (fossils), CMRC (fishes, Colección de Material Reciente para Comparación; Also as CMR, UNAM (IGM-CMR)). Mexico City. Mexico.
1154. INIBP
Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP), Santa Cruz Atoyac, Mexico City. Formerly: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Biológico Pesqueras (1962–1971). Also as: EBMP-INP, INP, LBT (Laboratorio Biológico). Mexico City. Mexico.
1155. MNHNM
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chapultepec, Mexico City. Also known as: Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México; currently Museo de Historia Natural y Cultura Ambiental. Note: various collections transferred to CNPE-IBUNAM (fishes) and CNAR (herps). Mexico City. Mexico.
1156. MZFC
Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FC-UNAM), Mexico City. Current as: MZFC (herps). Also as: MZFC-HE (herps). See also: CNAR. Mexico City. Mexico.
1157. UBIPRO
Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz. Formerly: Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales, Unidad Iztacala (ENEPI). Note: historical collections associated with ENEPI transferred to CNAR (herps), CNPE-IBUNAM (fishes), other Mexican institutions (fishes in part) or destroyed (fishes in part). Obsolete as: CIFES-I, CPFESI (fishes). Current as: CIFI (fishes, Colección Ictiológica, Laboratorio de Ictiología), LEUBIPRO (herps, Laboratorio de Ecología). Also as: CLAC-FESI (Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada, Chondrichthyes and other marine fishes), UBIPRO (herps). See also: CNAR. Mexico City. Mexico.
1158. CPUM
Colección de Peces de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia. Obsolete as: CP-UMSNH, UMSNH (fishes). Current as: CPUM (fishes). See also: INIRENA (herps). Michoacán. Mexico.
1159. INIRENA
Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia. Current as: INIRENA (herps). Also as: UMSNH. See also: CPUM (fishes). Michoacán. Mexico.
1160. UAEM
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (CIB-UAEM), Chamilpa, Cuernavaca. Obsolete as: EBUM. Current as: CICIB-UAEM (fishes, Colección Ictiológica “Dr. Edmundo Díaz Pardo”), CARUM (herps, colección de anfibios y reptiles). Also as: UAEM (fishes). Morelos. Mexico.
1161. FCT
Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, campus Linares. Current as: FCT. See also: UANL. Nuevo León. Mexico.
1162. UANL
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza. Obsolete as: UNL (fishes). Current as: UANL. Also as: FCB-UANL (fishes, Colección Ictiológica). See also: FCT (campus Linares). Nuevo León. Mexico.
1163. CIDOAX
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán. Obsolete as: CIIDIR Oaxaca (fishes). Current as: CIDOAX (fishes). Also as: CPC-CIIDIR OAXACA (fishes, Colección de Peces Continentales), CRP-CIIDIR (fishes, Colección Regional de Peces). Oaxaca. Mexico.
1164. UMAR
Colección Ictiológica, Laboratorio de Ictiología y Biología Pesquera, Universidad del Mar, campus Puerto Ángel, San Pedro Pochutla. Current as: UMAR (fishes). Also as: CP-UMAR (fishes, Colección de Peces). Oaxaca. Mexico.
1165. EBUAP
Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla. Current as: EBUAP (herps). Puebla. Mexico.
1166. ECO-CH
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chetumal. Obsolete as: ECOCHH (herps). Current as: ECO-CH (fishes), ECO-CH-LP (larval fishes), ECO-CH-H (herps). Also as: ECOCH. Quintana Roo. Mexico.
1167. IIZD
Colección de Vertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí. Mexico.
1168. CI-ICMYL
Colección Ictiológica del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mazatlán. Current as: ICMyl-MAZ. Also as: CIICMYL-P, I-ICMYL (fishes). Sinaloa. Mexico.
1169. CIAD
Colección de Referencia de Peces (CRP), Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental del Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Mazatlán. Current as: CIAD (fishes). Sinaloa. Mexico.
1170. CES
Colección Herpetológica Centro Ecológico de Sonora, Hermosillo. Sonora. Mexico.
1171. USON
Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo. Current as: USON (fishes). Sonora. Mexico.
1172. CAR-ITCV
Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles, Instituto Technológico de Ciudad Victoria (ITCV), Ciudad Victoria. Current as: CAR-ITCV (herps). Also as: ITCV, ITT (herps). Tamaulipas. Mexico.
1173. CARIE
Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., El Haya, Xalapa [Jalapa]. Current as: CARIE (herps). Veracruz. Mexico.
1174. EBMTV
Estación de Biología Marina, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz (ITV). Veracruz. Mexico.
1175. IBH-LT
Estación de Biología Tropical de Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), near San Andrés Tuxtla. Note: herp collection to be incorporated into CNAR. Obsolete as: CAR-EBTT, UNAM-LT (herps). Current as: IBH-LT (herps). Veracruz. Mexico.
1176. IIB-UV
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Enríquez. Obsolete as: MZUV (Museo de Zoología). Current as: IIB-UV (herps, mammals). See also: VER. Veracruz. Mexico.
1177. INIREB
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones En Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa [Jalapa]. Note: herp collection transferred to El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECO-SC). Veracruz. Mexico.
1178. ITSZ
Colección Científica de Flora y Fauna Silvestre del Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zongolica, Zongolica. Current as: ITSZ (herps). Veracruz. Mexico.
1179. VER
Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Ciecias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Tuxpan. Current as: VER-PEC (fishes). See also: IIB-UV. Veracruz. Mexico.
1180. CINV-NEC
Colección Ictiológica (CI) del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Mérida [Mérida Campus], Mérida. Note: established in 1986 and maintained within Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Peces. Current as: CINV-NEC (fishes). Yucatán. Mexico.
1181. UADY
Colecciones Zoológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CCBA), Mérida. Current as: UADY (fishes, Colección Ictiológica Regional). Also as: CZOO-CCBA-UADY (fishes). Yucatán. Mexico.
1182. UMDI
Colección Ictiológica Regional de Referencia (CIRR), Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Unidad Académica Sisal [Sisal Campus], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Sisal. Current as: CIIR UMDI (fishes). Yucatán. Mexico.
1183. GPMTSU
Geological and Paleontological Museum, Taras Shevchenko Transnistria State University, Tiraspol. Note: university descended from Institute for Public Education of Moldova founded in Tiraspol in 1930, although Tiraspol State University in Chişinău (TSU) is the legal successor of that institute. Obsolete as: SIPT (State Pedagogical Institute, Tiraspol). Current as: GPMTSU (fossils). Moldova.
1184. NMENHM
National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History, Chişinău [Kishinev]. Formerly: National Museum of Natural History of Chisinau (1926–1937), Regional Museum of Bessarabia (1937–1940), State Museum of History and Study of the Motherland (1957–1983), among others. Current as: NMENHM (fossils). Moldova.
1185. TSU
Tiraspol State University, Department of Geography, Chişinău [Kishinau, Kishinev]. Note: considered legal successor to Institute for Public Education of Moldova, founded in Tiraspol in 1930 and renamed Moldovan Pedagogical Institute (1933–1939). Current as: TSU (fossils). Moldova.
1186. MOM
Musée Oceanographique de Monaco. Current as: MOM (fishes). Monaco.
1187. BIUB
Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Biological Institute, Ulaanbaatar [Ulan Bator]. Current as: BIUB (herps). Mongolia.
1188. MPC
Mongolian Paleontological Center, Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar [Ulan Bator]. Current as: MPC (fossils). Also as: GI DPS (fossils), IGM or MGI (Geological Institute), MPS. Mongolia.
1189. NHMM
Prirodnjački muzej Crne Gore [Natural History Museum of Montenegro], Podgorica. Note: collections originally associated with Republican Institute for Nature Protection established in 1961. Montenegro.
1190. UMFSP
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro [Univerzitet Crne Gore], Podgorica. Obsolete as: BIP (Biological Institute, Podgorica), BZF, BZT, FSUM (Faculty of Sciences). Current as: UMFSP (fishes). Montenegro.
1191. OCP
Office Chérifien des Phosphates, Service Geologique, Khouribga. Current as: OCP (fossils). Béni Mellal-Khénifra. Morocco.
1192. FSAC
Département of Géologie (Paléontologie), Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca. Current as: FSAC (fossils). Casablanca-Settat. Morocco.
1193. MHNM
Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Marrakesh. Current as: MHNM (fossils). Marrakesh-Safi. Morocco.
1194. MUAP
Musée Universitaire d'Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Oujda. Current as: MUAP (fossils). Oriental. Morocco.
1195. ISCM
Institut scientifique de Rabat, Rabat. Formerly: Institut Scientifique Chérifien (ISCR). Also as: ISCR, ISR (herps). Rabat-Salé-Kénitra. Morocco.
1196. SGM
Service Géologique du Maroc, Direction de la Géologie, Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines, Rabat. Current as: SGM (fossils). Also as: CPSGM (Collections Paléontologiques). Rabat-Salé-Kénitra. Morocco.
1197. DBAEU
Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Abdelmalek Essaâdi University], Tétouan. Current as: DBAEU (herps). Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima. Morocco.
1198. EBM
Estação de Biologia Marítima da Inhaca, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Inhaca Island. Current as: EMB. Also as: EBMI. Mozambique.
1199. GNP
Collection of the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Laboratory, Gorongosa National Park. Current as: GNP (herps). Mozambique.
1200. JPT
Private collection of J.P. Tello, Maputo [formerly Lourenço Marques]. Note: herp collection questionably destroyed. Mozambique.
1201. UEMM
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Museu de História Natural, Maputo [formerly Lourenço Marques]. Formerly: Museu Provincial, then Museu Dr. Álvaro de Castro. Also as: LMM (Lourenço Marques Museum), MHNMM. Mozambique.
1202. SEABRI
Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity Research Group, Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Forest Research Institute (FRI), Yezin. Current as: SEABRI (fishes). Myanmar.
1203. ZMYU
Zoological Museum, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yangon University, Kamayut Township, Yangon. Formerly: University of Rangoon. Myanmar.
1204. GSN
National Earth Science Museum, Geological Survey of Namibia, Windhoek. Includes: fossil collections from Sperrgebiet. Note: established in 1995. Current as: GSN (fossils). Namibia.
1205. NMNW
National Museum of Nambia, Windhoek. Formerly: Staatsmuseum Windhoek. Includes: Helmut Finkeldey collection, Windhoek (HF). Note: many uncataloged herp specimens stolen (denoted by “B” prefix in Broadley & Wüster 2004). Obsolete as: NMN, NMWN, SMWN. Current as: NMNW (herps). Namibia.
1206. SMS
Swakopmund Museum, Swakopmund. Namibia.
1207. CDZMTU
Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Zoology Museum, Kirtipur, Kathmandu. Obsolete as: ZICT (Zoological Institution Committee). Current as: CDZMTU (gastropods) Also as: TUK, TZC (fishes). See also: NHMTU. Nepal.
1208. NHMTU
Natural History Museum of Nepal, Swoyambhu [Soyambhu], Kathmandu. Note: founded in 1975 and managed by Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University; fishes collected by D. Edds (1984–1986) found desiccated in 1996. Current as: NHMTU (fishes). Also as: NHM (herps). See also: CDZMTU. Nepal.
1209. AG
Academie Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen. Note: destroyed by fire in 1906. Groningen. Netherlands.
1210. TM
Teylers Museum, Haarlem. Also known as: Teylers Strichtina Museum. Current as: TM. Also as: TMH, TSMHN. North Holland. Netherlands.
1211. ZMA
Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Also known as: Zoological Museum Amsterdam. Note: collections officially part of Naturalis Biodiversity Center and relocated to RMNH, Leiden in 2012. See also: RMNH. North Holland. Netherlands.
1212. NME
Natuurmuseum Enschede, Enschede [Eanske]. Obsolete as: ME. Current as: NME (fossils). Overijssel. Netherlands.
1213. TW
De Museumfabriek, Enschede [Eanske]. Formerly: Museum TwentseWelle [Twentse Welle Museum]. Current as: TW (fossils). Overijssel. Netherlands.
1214. MG
Museo Laurentii Theodori Gronovii, Lugdunum Batavorum [Leiden]. Also known as: Museum Gronovianum, Museo Lugdunensi Batavorum (MLB). Note: no longer extant; some fishes at NHMUK. South Holland. Netherlands.
1215. NMR
Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam, Rotterdam. Current as: NMR. South Holland. Netherlands.
1216. RMNH
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Note: established in 2013 as merger of Naturalis–Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie; RMNH, RNHL), Zoölogisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam (ZMA), and branches of National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden; RMNH/RNHL preceded by Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Pays-Bas (MHNPB, MPB). Includes: collections from Universiteit Utrecht Zoological Museum (UZ). Obsolete as: NMNHL (National Museum for Natural History, Leiden), MHNPB, MPB, RNHL. Current as: RMNH or ZMA (i.e., original ZMA catalog numbers retained). Also as: NBC (fossils). South Holland. Netherlands.
1217. UU
Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht [University of Utrecht], Utrecht. Note: Universiteit Utrecht Zoological Museum (UZ) incorporated into RMNH. Current as: UU (fossils). Also as: UUGI (fossils, Geological Institute), UUN (fossils, Department of Earth Sciences). Utrecht. Netherlands.
1218. AIM
Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland. Formerly: Auckland Institute and Museum until 1996. Includes: herpetological collection of Joan Robb, University of Auckland (AUZ). Current as: AIM (fishes, herps; retained for consistency). Auckland. New Zealand.
1219. AU
The University of Auckland, Geological Collections, Auckland. Current as: AU (fossils). Auckland. New Zealand.
1220. CMC
Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Current as: CMC (fishes). Also as: CM (herps, fossils), CM Zfr (fossils). Canterbury. New Zealand.
1221. KA
Edward Percival Field Station, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Kaikoura. Canterbury. New Zealand.
1222. KHM
Kaikoura Historical Museum, Kaikoura. Current as: KHM (fossils). Canterbury. New Zealand.
1223. NIWA
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch. Canterbury. New Zealand.
1224. WRM
Whanganui Regional Museum, Whanganui [Wanganui]. Manawatu-Wanganui. New Zealand.
1225. OMNZ
Otago Museum, Dunedin. Obsolete as: OM. Current as: OMNZ (fishes, herps, fossils). Otago. New Zealand.
1226. OU
Geology Museum, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin. Current as: OU (fossils). Otago. New Zealand.
1227. SMAG
Southland Museum and Art Gallery, Invercargill. Southland. New Zealand.
1228. WO
Waitomo Museum of Caves, Waitomo Caves. Current as: WO (fossils). Waikato. New Zealand.
1229. NMNZ
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington. Formerly: Colonial Museum founded in 1865, renamed Dominion Museum (DM) in 1907, then National Museum of New Zealand (1972–1992). Includes: collections from Victoria University of Wellington (VUW, VUZ) and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ecology Division (ED). Current as: DM (fossils), NMNZ P. (fishes). Wellington. New Zealand.
1230. NPC
National Paleontological Collection, GNS Science, Lower Hutt. Also known as: GNS Science Paleontological Collection. Note: descended from New Zealand Geological Survey (NZGS, 1865–1990), DSIR Geophysics Division (1951–1990), Institute of Nuclear Sciences (1959–1992), DSIR Geology and Geophysics (1990–1992) and Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (1992–2005). Obsolete as: NZGS. Current as: NPC (fossils). Also as: GNS (fossils). Wellington. New Zealand.
1231. NZOI
New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington. Note: currently National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA); fishes possibly sent to Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NMNZ). Wellington. New Zealand.
1232. VUW
Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington. Includes: National Frozen Tissue Collection (NFTC). Note: herp collection formerly deposited in Department of Zoology (VUZ) transferred to Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NMNZ). Wellington. New Zealand.
1233. MHUL
Museo Herpetológico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León. Current as: MHUL (herps). Nicaragua.
1234. MNBH
Musée National Boubou-Hama, Niamey. Also known as: Musée National du Niger, National Museum of Niger. Obsolete as: MNN (fossils). Current as: MNBH (fossils). Niger.
1235. UI
University of Ibadan, Faculty of Science, Zoological Institute, Ibadan. Also as: ZM/UI. Nigeria.
1236. CMIZASDPRK
Custody Museum, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang. Also as: MIZASP. North Korea.
1237. HIFIRE
Havforskningsinstituttet [Institute of Marine Research], Bergen. Current as: HIFIRE (fishes). Hordaland. Norway.
1238. ZMUB
Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen. Formerly: Bergens Museum, founded in 1825. Obsolete as: BMN. Current as: ZMUB (fishes, herps), ZMBN (invertebrates, birds). Hordaland. Norway.
1239. ZMUO
Zoologisk Museum [Robert Colletts hus], Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) [University of Oslo], Oslo. Includes: specimens from Zoologisk museum, Kristiania (ZMK). Current as: ZMUO (fishes, herps), PMO (fossils, Paleontological Museum). Also as: NHMO, UZMO. Oslo. Norway.
1240. TMU
Tromsø Museum, Universitetsmuseet, Universitetet i Tromsø—Norges arktiske universitet, Tromsø. Obsolete as: TSZV, ZMUT. Current as: TMU (fishes). Troms. Norway.
1241. NTNU
Vitenskapsmuseet, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet i Trondheim, Trondheim. Also known as: Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Formerly: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS), Museet (1926–1984); University of Trondheim until 1996. Obsolete as: VSM. Current as: NTNU-VM (vertebrates). Trøndelag. Norway.
1242. OMMSFC
Omani Aquarium and Marine Science and Fisheries Centre, Muscat. Current as: OMMSFC (fishes). Also as: MSFC (cetaceans). Oman.
1243. ONHM
Oman Natural History Museum, Al Khuwair, Muscat. Current as: ONHM (herps). Oman.
1244. SQU
Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Muscat. Current as: SQU (herps). Oman.
1245. QGM
Museum of Earth Sciences, Quetta. Also known as: Quetta Geological Museum. Note: established ca. 1957 as Departmental Museum of Geological Survey of Pakistan; presumably includes fossils cited as GSP-UM (Geological Survey of Pakistan–University of Michigan collection, Quetta). Assigned here: QGM (fossils). Balochistan. Pakistan.
1246. QMP
The McMahon Museum, Quetta. Also known as: Quetta Museum (Wall 1911), but distinct from Quetta Museum established in 1971 with Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. Note: museum built in 1904–1906; named after Sir Arthus Henry McMahon in 1911–1912; destroyed by earthquake 31 May 1935. Current as: QMP (snakes). Balochistan. Pakistan.
1247. GSP
Geological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad. Current as: GSP (fossils). See also: QGM. Capital Territory. Pakistan.
1248. H-GSP
Harvard-Geological Survey of Pakistan Project. Note: specimens to be deposited at Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH). Current as: H-GSP (fossils). Capital Territory. Pakistan.
1249. PMNH
Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad. Current as: PMNH. Capital Territory. Pakistan.
1250. GCM
Government College University, Department of Zoology, Lahore. Also as: GCMNH. Punjab. Pakistan.
1251. MSK
Private collection of Muhammed Sharif Khan, Chenab Nagar [Rabwah]. Punjab. Pakistan.
1252. PU
University of the Punjab, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore. Current as: PUPC (fossils). Punjab. Pakistan.
1253. CEMB
Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi. Note: uncertain whether collections are separate from Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre (MRCC). Current as: CEMB-P (fishes). Sindh. Pakistan.
1254. ZSP
Zoological Museum, Zoological Survey Department of Pakistan (ZSD), Nishtar, Karachi. Also known as: Zoological Survey of Pakistan. Sindh. Pakistan.
1255. IUG
Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza City. Current as: BD/IUG (herps, Biology Department). Gaza Strip. Palestine.
1256. PMNH
Palestine Museum of Natural History, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem. Note: established in 2014. Current as: PMNH (herps). West Bank. Palestine.
1257. UNACHI
Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI), San José de David. Current as: MUPADI (fishes, Museo de Peces de Agua Dulce e Invertebrados), MHCH (herps, Museo Herpetologica de Chiriquí). Chiriquí. Panama.
1258. CoZEM
Colección Zoológica Dr. Eustorgio Méndez, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama City. Formerly: Colección de Referencia del Laboratorio Conmemorativo Gorgas, founded in 1957. Current as: CoZEM (fishes, herps). Panamá. Panama.
1259. MVUP
Museo de Vertebrados, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City. Obsolete as: UP. Panamá. Panama.
1260. STRI
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón. Note: houses and maintains herp collection of Circulo Herpetologico de Panama (CHP). Panamá. Panama.
1261. KFRS
Kanudi Fisheries Research Station, Konedobu. Note: associated with National Fisheries Authority (previously Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources), descended from Department of Primary Industry (DPI); station abandoned with some specimens transferred to University of Papua and New Guinea (UPNG). Also as: DPI, FO. Papua New Guinea.
1262. PNGM
Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby. Current as: PNGM. Also as: PNGNM. Papua New Guinea.
1263. UPNG
University of Papua and New Guinea, Natural Sciences Resource Centre, Port Moresby. Includes: specimens salvaged from Kanudi Fisheries Research Station (DPI, FO, KFRS). Current as: UPNG (fishes, herps). Papua New Guinea.
1264. MHNIB
Museo de la Tierra Guaraní de Itaipu Binacional, Hernandarias. Current as: MHNIB (fishes). Also as: MAI (Museo Ambiental de Itaipú, herps). Alto Paraná. Paraguay.
1265. CEBM
Estación Biológica de la Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú. Canindeyú. Paraguay.
1266. CZCEN
Colección Zoológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FACENA), Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo. In error as: CZFCEN. Current as: CZCEN (fishes, herps). See also: MSUNA. Central. Paraguay.
1267. MNHNP
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo [near Asunción]. Obsolete as: MHNP. Current as: MNHNP (fishes, herps). Central. Paraguay.
1268. MSUNA
Museo de Zoología “Francisco Schade”, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo. See also: CZCEN. Central. Paraguay.
1269. IIBP
Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción. Note: includes herps from Colección Biológica Arnoldo de Winkelried Bertoni. Gran Asunción. Paraguay.
1270. CZPLT
Colección Zoológica Para la Tierra, Santa Rosa del Aguaray. Current as: CZPLT (herps). San Pedro. Paraguay.
1271. MUSA
Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa. Includes: collection of Dr. Alfredo Corzo Masías from University of Arequipa Department of Zoology (UADZ). Obsolete as: U.A., UADZ. Current as: MUSA (herps). Arequipa. Peru.
1272. MHNC
Museo de Historia Natural del Cusco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco. Obsolete as: MHNCP, UNSAAC. Current as: MHNC (herps). Also as: GZ (herps, Gabinete de Zoología). Cusco. Peru.
1273. MUBI
Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco. Current as: MUBI. Cusco. Peru.
1274. CORBIDI
Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad, Lima. Current as: CORBIDI (herps). Lima. Peru.
1275. IMARPE
Instituto del Mar del Perú, Callao, Lima. See also: LCT-IMARPE (Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes). Lima. Peru.
1276. INSDAV
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Division de Animales Venenosos, Lima. Current as: INSDAV (herps). Lima. Peru.
1277. MUSM
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima. Also known as: Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” (MHNJP). Obsolete as: MHNJP, MHNSM, UNMSM. Current as: MUSM (fishes, herps, fossils). Lima. Peru.
1278. URP
Museo de Historia Natural “Vera Alleman H.”, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima. Current as: URP (amphibians). Lima. Peru.
1279. IIAP
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos. Current as: GGU-IIAP (herps, Giussepe Gagliardi collection), IIAP (fishes, herps). Loreto. Peru.
1280. MZUNAP
Museo de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos. Obsolete as: UNAP (fishes). Current as: MZUNAP. Loreto. Peru.
1281. LCT-IMARPE
Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Tumbes. Current as: LCT-IMARPE (fishes). See also: IMARPE (Lima). Tumbes. Peru.
1282. UPMIN
University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Mindanao Island. Davao. Philippines.
1283. AQDM
Aquaculture Department Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), Tigbauan, Panay Island. Iloilo. Philippines.
1284. UPVMI
Museum of Natural Sciences, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao. Current as: UPVMI (fishes). Iloilo. Philippines.
1285. UPLB
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Los Baños. Current as: UPLB (fishes). Laguna. Philippines.
1286. BSMP
Bureau of Science (BSM), Manila, Luzon. Note: completely destroyed Jan 1945 during World War II. Metro Manila. Philippines.
1287. PNM
National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Luzon. Obsolete as: NMPH, PNMI. Current as: PNM (fishes, herps). Also as: NMCR (crustaceans). Metro Manila. Philippines.
1288. STUM
University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila. Metro Manila. Philippines.
1289. UPMSI
Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. Also as: P1L (corals), PBRC (Philippine Biodiversity Resource Center, mollusks). Metro Manila. Philippines.
1290. SU-RBG
Rodolfo B. Gonzales Museum of Natural History, Biology Department, Silliman University, Dumaguete City. Formerly: Silliman University Biology Museum (SUBM). Includes: marine herps (e.g., seasnakes) transferred from SUML. Obsolete as: SUBM, SUP. Current as: SU-RBG (fishes, herps). Also as: SURBG. See also: SUAKCREM, SUML. Negros Oriental. Philippines.
1291. SUAKCREM
Silliman University Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Dumaguete. Note: limited collection of fishes and herps that may eventually be transferred to SU-RBG and SUML. Current as: SUAKCREM (fishes, herps). Negros Oriental. Philippines.
1292. SUML
Silliman University Marine Laboratories, Institute of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Dumaguete. Also known as: Silliman University Fish Collection. Note: established as university research facility in 1974 and renamed Dr. Angel C. Alcala Environment and Marine Science Laboratories in 2009; some fishes transferred to PNM as types; marine herps transferred to SU-RBG. Current as: SUML-FI MUR (marine fishes). See also: SU-RBG, SUAKCREM. Negros Oriental. Philippines.
1293. WPU-PPC
Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City Campus, Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island. Current as: WPU-PPC (fishes). Palawan. Philippines.
1294. ISEA
Muzeum Przyrodnicze Instytutu Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierząt (ISEZ), Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences], Kraków [Cracow]. Formerly: Institute of Systematic and Experimental Zoology (ZZSD) until 1989. Current as: ISEA (entomology, birds), ZZSiD (fossils). Also as: ISEZ, ZZS, ZZSD. Lesser Poland. Poland.
1295. ZMJU
Muzeum Zoologiczne Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University], Kraków [Cracow]. Obsolete as: KM (herps). Current as: ZMJU. Lesser Poland. Poland.
1296. HTW
Muzeum Geologiczne, Instytutu Nauk Geologicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski [Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wroclaw], Wrocław [Breslau]. Also known as: Henryk Teisseyre Geological Museum. Note: holotype of Python euboicus attributed by Römer (1870) to mineralogical museum (ZPWM) is apparently lost. Current as: HTW (fossils). See also: MNHUW (Recent fishes, herps), ZPAL (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1297. IZPAN
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii, Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Formerly: Zoological Cabinet of predecessors to University of Warsaw including Royal University of Warsaw (1819–1831), Main School (1862–1869), and Imperial University of Warsaw (1869–1915); National Museum of Natural History, Zoology Department [Narodowe Muzeum Przyrodnicze, Dział Zoologiczny (NMPW)] (1919–1921); Polish State Museum of Natural History (1921–1928), renamed State Zoological Museum [Państwowe Muzeum Zoologiczne (PMZW)] in 1928; became part of the Zoological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1952. Includes: Muzeum Zoologiczne Branickich (MZBW); part of Zoologische Sammlung zu Stettin [Szczecin] (ZSS) salvaged in 1945. Obsolete as: NMPW, PMZW, ZPPAN. Current as: IZPAN. Also as: MIZ (birds), MZPW (birds). See also: ZPAL (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1298. MEPAN
Muzeum Ewolucji, Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Museum of Evolution, Polish Academy of Sciences], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Note: public display part of both IZPAN and ZPAL; fluid-preserved fishes cited as MEPAN presumably at IZPAN. See also: IZPAN (fishes, herps), ZPAL (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1299. MNHUW
Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego [Museum of Natural History, University of Wroclaw], Wrocław [Breslau]. Also known as: Władysław Rydzewski Museum of Natural History. Formerly: Zoologisches Museum der Universität Breslau [Zoological Museum Breslau]. Includes: collections of Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst (1777–1857), although at least half destroyed during WWII. Current as: MNHUW (herps). Also as: MNHW, MPUW (birds), NMHW (fishes), UWZM (herps). See also: HTW (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1300. MUZ PIG
Muzeum Geologiczne Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego [Geological Museum of the Polish Geological Institute], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Current as: MUZ PIG (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1301. MWGUW
Muzeum Geologiczne im. Stanisława Józefa Thugutta, Wydział Geologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego [Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Formerly: Muzeum Wydziału Geologii (1961–2008). Includes: fossils associated with IGPUW (Institute of Geology). Current as: MWGUW (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1302. MZBW
Muzeum Zoologiczne Branickich [Branicki Zoological Museum], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Note: established in 1887; after WWI, transferred to National Museum of Natural History (NMPW), now Museum and Institute of Zoology (IZPAN), Warsaw. See also: IZPAN. Mazovia. Poland.
1303. UPW
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław [Breslau]. Current as: UPW (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
1304. ZPAL
Instytut Paleobiologii, Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Note: some fossils stored at Wrocław University, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Paleozoolgy [Zakład Paleozoologii] and cited as ZPALWr (Also as ZPALUWr, ZPUW, ZPW). Current as: ZPAL (fossils). See also: IZPAN (fishes, herps). Mazovia. Poland.
1305. HML
Hel Marine Station [formerly Laboratory], Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk [Stacja Morska Instytutu Oceanografii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego], Hel. Also as: HEL. Pomeranian. Poland.
1306. MPT
Muzeum Przyrody i Techniki [Museum of Nature and Technology (MNtS)], Starachowice. Formerly: Museum of History of Material Culture (MHkM). Current as: MPT.P (fossils). Świętokrzyskie. Poland.
1307. ZSS
Zoologische Sammlung zu Stettin, Szczecin [Stettin]. Note: collection damaged during WWII, remaining part transferred to IZPAN in 1945. West Pomeranian. Poland.
1308. MCM
Museu Carlos Machado, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island. Current as: MCM (fishes). Azores. Portugal.
1309. UAç
Universidade dos Açores [University of the Azores], Departamento de Ciências Agrárias (DCA), Angra do Heroísmo, island of Terceira, and Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas (DOP), Horta, island of Faial. Note: fish specimens vouchered separately at DOP and Anatomy Laboratory of DCA; DOP restructured in 2015, split between Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia and new Okeanos R&D center in Horta. Current as: Uaç-DCA (fishes, Dept. Ciências Agrárias), Uaç-DOP (fishes, Dept. Oceanografia e Pescas). Also as: DOP/UA. Azores. Portugal.
1310. MCUC
Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra. Formerly: Museu de Zoologia (MZC). Obsolete as: MZC. Current as MCUC (fossils), MCUC/ZOO (zoology). Coimbra. Portugal.
1311. AVG
Aquário Vasco da Gama, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Includes: Oceanographic Collection of D. Carlos I. Current as: AVG (fishes). Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1312. FCT-UNL
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa [New University of Lisbon], Costa de Caparica, Almada. Note: fossil collection originally associated with Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia (CEPUNL) established in 1975. Current as: FCT-UNL (fossils). Also as: CEPUNL (fossils, Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia). Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1313. IICT
Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Centro de Zoologia, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Formerly: Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar (JICU) ca. 1973–79. Note: collections housed at MUHNAC, but remain independent. Obsolete as: CZL. Current as: IICT (herps, birds). Also as: CZ-IICT. See also: MUHNAC. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1314. INIP
Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao das Pescas e do Mar, Algés, Oeiras. Includes: fishes formerly deposited at Centro de Biologia Piscatória, Lisboa. Note: IPIMAR and Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária (INIA) merged to become Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e das Pescas (INIAP) in 2002, which merged with Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária (LNIV) to become Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos (INRB I.P./L-IPIMAR) in 2006. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1315. MACL
Museum of the Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Also known as: Maynense Museum. Includes: remnants of historical collections at the Maynense Museum and Real Museu da Ajuda, Lisboa (e.g., Cretaceous fishes from Ceará, Brazil). Note: nearly all zoological and mineralogical material transferred to Museu de Escola Politécnica de Lisboa (now MUHNAC) in 1859. Assigned here: MACL. See also: MUHNAC. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1316. MG
Museu Geológico de Lisboa, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Also known as: Museu do Instituto Geológico e Mineiro (IGM). Formerly: Museu dos Serviços Geológicos. Current as: MG (fossils). Also as: MIGM (fossils). Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1317. ML
Museu da Lourinhã, Lourinhã. Note: founded 24 June 1984; managed by non-profit, non-governmental organization Grupo de Etnologia e Arqueologia da Lourinhã (GEAL). Current as: ML (fossils). Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1318. MUHNAC
Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Also known as: Museu Bocage (MB) since 1904. Formerly: Museu de Escola Politécnica de Lisboa (1837–1911) which became Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa in 1911; Museu Nacional de História Natural (MNHN) de Lisboa (1926–2011). Includes: nearly all zoological material transferred from museum of Academia das Ciências de Lisboa (MACL) in 1859. Note: original collection destroyed by criminal fire 18 Mar 1978, but historical archives largely survived; IICT collections housed at MUHNAC, but remain independent; current Universidade de Lisboa established in 2012 as merger of former Universidade de Lisboa (est. 1911) and Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (established 1930). Obsolete as: BML, MB, MBL, MNHNUL. Current as: MUHNAC, MUHNAC/MB06 (cartilaginous fishes), MUHNAC/MB05 (bony fishes), MUHNAC/MB04 (amphibians), MUHNAC/MB03 (reptiles). See also: IICT, MACL. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1319. SHN
Laboratório de Paleontologia e Paleoecologia, Sociedade de História Natural Torres Vedras, Torres Vedras. Current as: SHN (fossils). Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
1320. MHNF
Museu de História Natural do Funchal, Departamento de Ciência da Câmara Municipal do Funchal, Funchal. Formerly: Museu Regional da Madeira (1929–1933), Museu Municipal (História Natural) do Funchal. Also as: MMF. Madeira. Portugal.
1321. JCB
Private collection of José C. Brito, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto, Porto. Porto. Portugal.
1322. MHNCUP
Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto. Formerly: Instituto de Zoologia which incorporated the museum, Estação de Biologia Marinha and general laboratory of Universidade do Porto under the directorship of Augusto Nobre in 1921; Museu de História Natural da Universidade do Porto (MHNFCP). Note: Universidade do Porto established in 1911, descended from Academia Politécnica do Porto established in 1837. Obsolete as: MHN, MUP, MZP, MHNFCP. Current as: MHNCUP/ICT (fishes), MHNCUP/AMP (amphibians), MHNCUP/REP (reptiles). Porto. Portugal.
1323. MTCO
Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor [Muzeul Tarii Crisurilor; Cris Country Museum], Oradea. Current as: MTCO (fossils). Also as: TCM (fossils). Bihor. Romania.
1324. FGGUB
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Universitatea din Bucureşti [University of Bucharest], Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Current as: FGGUB (fossils). Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
1325. IACB
L'Institut d'Anatomie et de Chirurgie [Institue of Anatomy and Surgery], Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Note: established in late 1800s in Faculty of Medicine at University of Bucharest; deposition of holotype of Glauconia algeriensis Jacquet, 1896 not confirmed here, but presumably originally associated with IACB; holotype also questionably associated with Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stirte Biologice, Bucharest (INCDS) by Wallach et al. (2014). Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
1326. ISBB
Institutul de Biologie Bucureşti, Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Formerly: Institutul de Biologie “Traian Săvulescu” (IBTS) established in 1960, part of Institutul Central de Biologie (ICEBIOL, 1973–1990), became Institutul de Biologie Bucureşti within Academiei Române in 1990. Obsolete as: IBTS. Current as: ISBB. Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
1327. ISER
Institutul Speologie “Emil G. Racoviţă”, Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Note: founded in 1920 by Emil Racovita (1868–1947) in Faculty of Sciences at University of Cluj (now Babeş-Bolyai University); reorganized in 1956 with main headquarters in Bucharest and branch in Cluj-Napoca. Current as: ISER (biospeleological collection). Also as: ISB (fossils, paleontological collection). Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
1328. MINB
Muzeul Naţional de Istorie Naturală “Grigore Antipa”, Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Obsolete as: MHNGA, MIN G (herps), NHMB. Current as: MINB (fishes). Also as: GAMNH (birds), MGAB. Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
1329. EME
Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület [The Transylvanian Museum Society (TMS)], Cluj-Napoca. Note: founded in 1841–1842. Current as: EME (fossils). Cluj-Napoca. Romania.
1330. MZBBU
Museum of Zoology, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai [Babeş-Bolyai University], Cluj-Napoca. Current as: MZBBU (insects). See also: ISER (Institutul Speologie, Bucharest), UBB (fossils). Cluj-Napoca. Romania.
1331. UBB
Museum of Paleontology-Stratigraphy, Department of Geology, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai [Babeş-Bolyai University], Cluj-Napoca. Note: established in 1959 via merger of Victor Babeş University (name adopted in 1948) and Bolyai University (name adopted in 1945); Victor Babeş University formerly known as Hungarian University of Cluj (1872–1881), Franz Joseph University (1881–1919), Romanian University of Cluj (1919–1927), and King Ferdinand I University (1919–1948). Includes: Stratigraphic Collection of the Transylvanian Basin, Also known as Museum of the Transylvania Basin (MTB) and Transylvanian Basin Museum (TBM). Obsolete as: BBU, MTB, TBM (fossils). Current as: UBB MPS (fossils). Also as: MPS-BBU-CN (fossils). See also: ISER (Institutul Speologie, Bucharest), MZBBU (Museum of Zoology). Cluj-Napoca. Romania.
1332. MCDRD
Muzeul Civilizatiei Dacice si Romane, Deva. Current as: MCDRD (fossils). Hunedoara. Romania.
1333. GIUI
Geological Institute, University of Iaşi, Iaşi [Jassy, Iassy]. Also known as: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University. Current as: GIUI (fossils). Iaşi [Jassy, Iassy]. Romania.
1334. MNSTM
Museum of Natural Sciences, Târgu Mureş. Current as: MNSTM (fossil sharks). Mureş. Romania.
1335. MSNPN
Muzeul de Ştiinţe Naturale Piatra-Neamţ, Piatra Neamţ. Current as: MSNPN (fossils). Neamţ. Romania.
1336. BNM
Muzeul de Istorie Naturală Sibiu [Museum of Natural History Sibiu], Sibiu. Includes: Richard Breckner fossil collection. Note: part of Muzeul Naţional Brukenthal [Brukenthal National Museum]. Current as: BNM (entomology, fossils). Sibiu. Romania.
1337. AENM
Amur Natural History Museum of the Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk. Obsolete as: AEHM. Current as: AEHM (fossils). Amur Oblast. Russia.
1338. RMBH
Russian Museum of Biodiversity Hotspots, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk. Arkhangelsk Oblast. Russia.
1339. GIN
Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Current as: GIN (fossils). Central Federal District. Russia.
1340. IEE
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Also known as: Institute of Animal Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology. Note: founded in 1934. Current as: IEE (fishes), IEMEM (herps). Also as: IPEE (fishes). Central Federal District. Russia.
1341. IORAS
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Obsolete as: IOAN, IORAN, PPSIO. Current as: IORAS. Also as: IOM (fishes). Central Federal District. Russia.
1342. PIN
Orlov Paleontological Museum, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Obsolete as: PIAN. Current as: PIN (fossils). Central Federal District. Russia.
1343. VNIRO
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. Note: founded in 1933 via merger of State Oceanographic Institute (GOIN) and All-Russian Research Institute of Marine Fishery (VNIIMORKh). Current as: VNIRO (fishes). Central Federal District. Russia.
1344. ZMMU
Zoological Museum of Mikhail V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University. Formerly: Natural History Cabinet of Moscow Imperial University (1791–1930). Obsolete as: MMGU, MMSU, ZMM, ZMMGU, ZMMSU. Current as: ZMMU (fishes, herps). Central Federal District. Russia.
1345. IEC SB RAS
Institute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Formerly: Institute of Geology, East-Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences founded in 1949; renamed East-Siberian Geological Institute (1957–1962). Current as: IEC SB RAS (fossils). Irkutsk Oblast. Russia.
1346. ZMISU
Zoological Museum of Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk. Irkutsk Oblast. Russia.
1347. AtlantNIRO
Atlantic Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Kaliningrad. Current as: AtlantNIRO (fishes). Kaliningrad Oblast. Russia.
1348. MMBI
Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dal'nie [Dalnie] Zelentsy settlement. Note: founded in 1935. Current as: MMBI (fishes). Murmansk Oblast. Russia.
1349. PINRO
Nikolai M. Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Murmansk. Formerly: State Oceanographic Institute of the USSR (SOI, 1929–1933), descended from the Floating Marine Research Institute founded in 1921. Current as: PINRO (fishes). Murmansk Oblast. Russia.
1350. CCMGE
Chernyshev Central Museum of Geological Exploration, St. Petersburg [formerly Leningrad]. Also known as: F.N. Chernyshev Central Scientific Research and Geological Exploration Museum. Formerly: Central Geological Museum (1930–1935). Note: closely associated with All-Russian Geological Institute, formerly All-Union Geological Institute (VSEGEI, 1939–1992), descended from Central Geoglogical Survey Scientific Research Institute (TsNIGRI, 1929–1939). Obsolete as: AHCCCP. Current as: CCMGE (fossil vertebrates). Also as: CNIGR, TsNIGR, TsNIGRI (fossils). Northwestern Federal District. Russia.
1351. MGRI
Russian State Geological Prospecting University, Moscow. Formerly: Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute, descended from Moscow Mining Academy founded in 1918. Current as: MGRI (fossils). Northwestern Federal District. Russia.
1352. MSPGU
Zoologicheskij Muzej, Sankt-Peterburgskij Gosudarstvennyj Universitet [St. Petersburg State University (SPSU)], St. Petersburg [formerly Leningrad]. Obsolete as: MLSU. Current as: MSPGU (herps). Northwestern Federal District. Russia.
1353. ZISP
Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk [Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences], St. Petersburg [formerly Leningrad]. Formerly: Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg. Obsolete as: AIS, ZIAN, ZIAS, ZIL. Current as: ZISP (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: ZIN (fishes), ZIN PH (fossils, paleoherpetological collection). Northwestern Federal District. Russia.
1354. ISEA
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Current as: ISEA (herps). Novosibirsk Oblast. Russia.
1355. MIMB
Museum of A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Current as: MIMB (fishes, herps). Primorsky Krai. Russia.
1356. TINRO
Marine Museum of Pacific Fisheries Research Center, Vladivostok. Also known as: Pacific Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography. Obsolete as: MT. Current as: TINRO (fishes, herps). Also as: TINRO-center, TINRO-tsentr. Primorsky Krai. Russia.
1357. ZMFESU
Zoological Museum of Far Eastern State University (FESU), Vladivostok. Current as: ZMFESU (fishes, herps). Also as: DVGU. Primorsky Krai. Russia.
1358. KGU
Kalmytskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet [Kalmyk State University], Elista. Current as: KGU (fishes). Republic of Kalmykia. Russia.
1359. SGU
Saratov Chernyshevsky State University, Saratov. Current as: SGU (fossils). Saratovskaya Oblast. Russia.
1360. SNP
Sochi National Park, Scientific Department, Sochi. Includes: collections of fishes, amphibians and reptiles began in 1977 by Boris Tuniyev and formerly stored at Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve (CSBR, CSNBR, SD CSNBR). Obsolete as: CSBR, CSNBR, SD CSNBR (Scientific Department). Current as: SNP (fishes, herps). Southern Federal District. Russia.
1361. EMKSU
Eversmann Zoology Museum, Kazan State University, Kazan [Kasan]. Tatarstan. Russia.
1362. ZMTU
Zoological Museum of Tomsk State University, Tomsk. Formerly: Siberian Imperial University (founded in 1888). Note: first herpetological collections received in 1890. Current as: ZMTU (fishes, herps). Also as: DVZeE TSU (Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology). Tomsk Oblast. Russia.
1363. YKM
I.A. Goncharov Ulianovskiy Regional Studies Museum, Ulyanovsk. Current as: YKM (fossils). Ulyanovsk Oblast. Russia.
1364. VGI
Volga Humanitarian Institute, Volzhsky. Note: branch of Volgograd State University. Current as: VGI (fossils). Volgograd Oblast. Russia.
1365. VPM
Volgograd Provincial Museum, Volgograd. Also known as: Volgograd Regional Museum. Current as: VPM (fossils). Volgograd Oblast. Russia.
1366. AIC
Adel A. Ibrahim Collection, Ha'il University, Ha'il. Current as: AIC (herps). Saudi Arabia.
1367. KAU
King Abdulaziz University Marine Museum, Jeddah. Current as: KAU (fishes). Also as: KAUMM (fishes temporarily housed at SMF, Frankfurt am Main). Saudi Arabia.
1368. SNMNH
The National Museum, Department of Natural History, Riyadh. Also known as: Saudi National Museum Natural History. Saudi Arabia.
1369. TUZC
Taif University Zoological Collection, Taif. Saudi Arabia.
1370. SNB
Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [University of Dakar], Dakar. Current as: SNB (fossils). Senegal.
1371. IFAN
Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Dakar. Formerly: Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (1938–1966). Current as: IFAN (fishes, herps). Senegal.
1372. IRD
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (ORSTOM), Hann, Dakar. Note: includes herps deposited by Jean-François Trape (Coll. JFT). Current as: IRD (herps). Senegal.
1373. DPFMGB
Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade. Obsolete as: GIU (fossils, Geology Institute). Current as: DPFMGB (fossils). See also: IBISS. Belgrade. Serbia.
1374. IBISS
University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade. Also known as: Institut za biološka istraživanja “Siniša Stanković”. Includes: herps collected by Milutin Radovanovic (1900–1968), transferred from Natural History Museum in Belgrade (NHMBEO); lizards collected by Vojislav Vasić in Afghanistan. Current as: IBISS (herps). See also: DPFMGB (fossils). Belgrade. Serbia.
1375. NHMBEO
Prirodnjački muzej, Belgrade. Also known as: Natural History Museum in Belgrade. Note: founded in 1895 as Jestastvenički muzej srpske zemlje [Natural Science Museum of Serbian Land]. Includes: osteological collection of amphibians and reptiles. Current as: NHMBEO (fossils). Belgrade. Serbia.
1376. BIKU
Department [Institute] of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac. Current as: BIKU (fishes). Also as: BIK (Biological Institute Kragujevac), FSUK (fishes, Faculty of Sciences). Šumadija. Serbia.
1377. ZRC
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM), National University of Singapore. Formerly: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (RMBR, 1998–2014) which housed the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the National Museum of Singapore (NMS, SNM; est. 1965), descended from the original Raffles Museum (established 1878). Includes: collections of the former National University of Singapore (NUS, USDZ) and Nanyang University. Obsolete as: LKCNHM, NMS, NUS, RM, RMBR, SNM, USDZ, ZRCS. Current as: ZRC (fishes, herps). Singapore.
1378. CU
Comenius University, Bratislava. Current as: CU-RY (fishes), DE (herps, Department of Ecology), KGP (fossils, Department of Geology and Palaeontology), PRIF UK (Prírodovedecká Fakulta [Faculty of Natural Sciences]). Bratislava. Slovakia.
1379. LFRH
Laboratory of Fishery Research and Hydrobiology, Slovak Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bratislava. Also as: LFRHB. Bratislava. Slovakia.
1380. SNM
Slovak National Museum [Slovenské národné múzeum], Natural Science Museum, Bratislava. Formerly: Bratislava Museum (BM), partially destroyed during WWII on 9 Sep 1944. Obsolete as: BM. Current as: SNM. Also as: SNMB. Bratislava. Slovakia.
1381. LU
Univerza v Ljubljani [University of Ljubljana], Ljubljana. Current as: LU (fishes). Also as: DBUL (Department of Biology), OBL (herps, Oddelek za Biologijo). Slovenia.
1382. PZC
Private collection of Primož Zupančič, Ljubljana. Slovenia.
1383. SMNH
Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije [Slovenian Museum of Natural History], Ljubljana. Current as: SMNH (fishes). Also as: ML (herps). Slovenia.
1384. AMG
Albany Museum, Grahamstown. Note: herp collection transferred to Port Elizabeth Museum (PEM) in 1993; fish collection transferred to South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB). Also as: AM, A.M. (herps), AMSA/P. Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1385. ELM
East London Museum, East London. Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1386. JDV
Private collection of J.D. Visser, Jeffreys Bay. Also known as: JV. Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1387. KMK
Amathole [Amatola] Museum, King William's Town. Formerly: Kaffrarian Museum (1884–1999). Note: herp collections transferred to Port Elizabeth Museum (PEM). Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1388. PEM
Port Elizabeth Museum, Bayworld complex, Port Elizabeth. Note: founded in 1856. Includes: herp collections from Albany Museum (AMG), Kaffarian Museum (KMK) and Cape Nature Conservation, Jonkershoek. Current as: PEM (herps), PEM R (reptiles). Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1389. SAIAB
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown. Formerly: Rhodes University, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (RUSI). Includes: fish collections from Albany Museum, Grahamstown (AMG) and KwaZulu-Natal Museum (NMSA; on permanent loan). Obsolete as: RUSI. Current as: SAIAB (fishes, herps). Eastern Cape. South Africa.
1390. NMB
National Museum, Bloemfontein. Obsolete as: NMBO. Current as: NMB (fishes), NMB R (reptiles). Also as: NMQR (fossils). Free State. South Africa.
1391. BP
Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Formerly: Bernard Price Institute (BPI) for Palaeontological Research until 2013. Current as: BP (fossils). Also as: BPI (fossils). See also: WUM. Gauteng. South Africa.
1392. DNMNH
Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria [Tshwane]. Formerly: Transvaal Museum (TM, TMP), Northern Flagship Institution. Note: fish types at AMG. Obsolete as: TMP, TMSA. Current as: DNMNH. Also as: TM (fossils). Gauteng. South Africa.
1393. WUM
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. See also: BP. Gauteng. South Africa.
1394. AJL
Private collection of Angelo J. Lambiris, Hillcrest. Note: to be incorporated into Durban Natural Science Museum (DNSM). KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1395. DNSM
Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban. Also known as: Durban Museum (DM). Note: founded in 1887, managed by the eThekwini Municipality. Obsolete as: DM. Current as: DNSM (fishes, herps). KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1396. DSP
FitzSimons' Snake Park, Durban. KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1397. EKZNW
Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife collections, Durban. Note: provincial agency established in 1994 via merger of the Natal Parks Board (NPB) formed in 1947 and KwaZulu Directorate of Nature Conservation formed in 1972. Obsolete as: NPB. Current as: EKZNW. KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1398. NMSA
KwaZulu-Natal Museum (KZN), Pietermaritzburg. Formerly: Natal Musem. Note: entire fish collection on permanent loan to SAIAB. Obsolete as: NM (although apparent on labels for ca. 8000 herp specimens), NMP. Current as: NMSA (all collections), NMSA HRP (herps). KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1399. ORI
Oceanographic Research Institute, South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR), Durban. KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1400. UKZN
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Note: formed in 2004 after merger of University of Natal (UND) and University of Durban-Westville (UDW); small vertebrate collection used mainly for teaching purposes (research specimens generally transferred to other museums). Also as: UND. KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1401. LRC
Private collection of L. Raw, Merrivale. Current as: LRC (herps). KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa.
1402. KNP
Skukuza Biological Reference Collection, Kruger National Park, Transvaal. Note: founded in the 1950s. Mpumalanga. South Africa.
1403. AACRG
African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom. Current as: AACRG (amphibians). North West. South Africa.
1404. MMK
McGregor Museum, Kimberley, Cape Province. Also known as: Alexander McGregor Memorial Museum. Obsolete as: K.M. and MM (herps). Current as: MMK (herps). Northern Cape. South Africa.
1405. SAM
Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town. Note: founded in 1825. Current as: SAM (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: SAMC (fishes), SAM-K (fossils). Western Cape. South Africa.
1406. SUM
Stellenbosch University, John R. Ellerman Museum of Zoology, Stellenbosch. Western Cape. South Africa.
1407. NIFS
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan [formerly Pusan]. Formerly: National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI; 2002–2015). Includes: some poorly-preserved fishes from National Fisheries Research and Development Agency (NFRDA), predecessor to NFRDI; fish collection of Keitaro Uchida. See also: JIFRI. Busan. South Korea.
1408. PKU
Pukyong National University, Department of Marine Biology, Busan [formerly Pusan]. Current as: PKU (fishes). Busan. South Korea.
1409. DESRI
Daegu Education and Science Research Institution, Daegu. Current as: DESRI (fossils). Daegu. South Korea.
1410. KPE
Kyungpook National University, Daegu [Taegu]. Current as: BEKU (fishes, Department of Biology, Teacher's College), KPE (fossils, Earth Science Department). Daegu. South Korea.
1411. KIGAM
Geological Museum of Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseon-gu. Current as: KIGAM (fossils). Daejeon. South Korea.
1412. NSMK
National Science Museum of Korea, Daejeon. Includes: presumably some fishes from Korean Institute of Freshwater Biology (KIFB). Current as: NSMK. Also as: NSM. Daejeon. South Korea.
1413. KIOLK
Korean Institute for Ocean Life, Gapyeong. Note: listed among fish collections in Korea by Kim (2004), but no such institute found in Gapyeong. Gyeonggi. South Korea.
1414. FSIU
Laboratory of Fisheries, Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon. Incheon. South Korea.
1415. NIBR
National Institute of Biological Resources, Korean Ministry of the Environment, Incheon. Note: established in 2007. Current as: NIBR-P (fishes), NIBRAM (amphibians). Incheon. South Korea.
1416. NIER
National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon. Incheon. South Korea.
1417. SUBC
Seowon University, Department of Biology, Cheongju. Formerly: Cheongju College of Education or Cheongju Normal University, descended from Cheongju Women's Junior College founded in 1968; reorganized into Seowon College in 1988 and promoted to Seowon University in 1992. Obsolete as: BCU, BCUE (Cheongju Normal University), SUC. Current as: SUBC (fishes). North Chungcheong. South Korea.
1418. SLIC
Suk Laboratory Ichthyology Collection, Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan. Current as: SLIC (fishes). North Gyeongsang. South Korea.
1419. CNUC
Chonbuk National University, College of Natural Science, Jeonju [Chonju]. Obsolete as: CNU, CNUCK, CUB, CUBK. Current as: CNUC (fishes). North Jeolla. South Korea.
1420. KNU
Kunsan National University, Gunsan [Kunsan]. Current as: BKNU (fishes, Department of Biology), KNUM (fishes, Department of Marine Living Resources). North Jeolla. South Korea.
1421. CGRB
Conservation Genome Resources Bank for Korean Wildlife, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Current as: CGRB. See also: SNU. Seoul. South Korea.
1422. EWNHM
Ewha Womens University, Natural History Museum, Seoul. Includes: fish types donated by Sang-Rin Jeon. Current as: EWNHM (fishes). Also as: EWU (amphibians). Seoul. South Korea.
1423. KIFB
Korean Institute of Freshwater Biology, Seoul. Note: institution cited by Ki-Chul Choi (1910–2002), professor at Seoul National University from 1948–1976, apparently defunct; majority of fish collection perhaps donated to National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK); some fish specimens transferred to Sang-myung University (SMU). Seoul. South Korea.
1424. SMU
Sang-myung University, College of Natural Sciences, Life Science, Seoul. Formerly: Sang-myung Women's University (SMWU, 1986–1996). Includes: some fishes from Korean Institute of Freshwater Biology (KIFB). Current as: SMU. Seoul. South Korea.
1425. SNU
Seoul National University, Seoul. Formerly: Keijo Imperial University (KIU), Kyngsng University or Kyongseong Imperial University. Note: historical collections, including fishes deposited by Tamezo Mori in the Laboratory of the Premedical Department, destroyed during Korean War (1950–1953). See also: CGRB. Seoul. South Korea.
1426. SUC
Soonchunhyang University, Collection of Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Asan. Current as: SUC (fishes). South Chungcheong. South Korea.
1427. GSNU
Laboratory of Marine Bio Education & Research Center, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong Campus, Inpyeong-dong, Tongyeong [Tongyoung]. Note: laboratory apparently associated with Institute of Marine Industry. Current as: GSNU (fishes). South Gyeongsang. South Korea.
1428. JIFRI
Jinhae Inland Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon. Note: city of Jinhae merged into Changwon in 2010. See also: NIFS. South Gyeongsang. South Korea.
1429. MHNUSC
Museo de Historia Natural da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Also known as: Museum Luis Iglesias de Ciencias Naturais. Current as: MHNUSC (fishes). A Coruña. Spain.
1430. VLS
Private collection of Víctor López Seoane (1832–1900). Note: no longer extant; some specimens donated to MNHN, NHMUK, ZISP and other museums. A Coruña. Spain.
1431. MCNA
Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz. Current as: MCNA (fishes, herps, fossils). Álava. Spain.
1432. MUPE
Museo Paleontológico de Elche, Elche. Current as: MUPE (fossils). Alicante. Spain.
1433. EEZA
Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Almería. Formerly: Instituto de Aclimatación de Almería. Current as: EEZA (herps). Almería. Spain.
1434. CEP
Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Museo-Acuario, Gijón. Asturias. Spain.
1435. UNIOVI
Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo. Formerly: Departamento de Zoología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias. Assigned here: UNIOVI. Asturias. Spain.
1436. CRARC
Centre de Recuperació d'Amfibis i Rèptils de Catalunya, Masquefa. Barcelona. Spain.
1437. CRBA
Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Barcelona. Includes: Gabinete de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Barcelona established in 1847; zoological collections formerly held in Universitat de Barcelona Department de Biologia Animal (DBAUB; formerly Zoologia, DZV) and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio). Current as: CRBA (fishes, herps). Also as: DBAUB, UBMZ, DZV (herps). Barcelona. Spain.
1438. IBE
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Barcelona. Note: jointly operated by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CSIC-UPF). Current as: IBE (herps). Also as: IBES. Barcelona. Spain.
1439. ICP
Institut Català de Paleontologia “Miquel Crusafont”, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès. Formerly: Institut de Paleontologia de Sabadell (IPS), Museo Provincial de Paleontología de Barcelona. Current as: ICP (fossils). Also as: IPS, IPSN (fossils). See also: UAB (fishes). Barcelona. Spain.
1440. IIPB
Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) de Barcelona, Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Barc