ABSTRACT Species in the Adelophryne genus consist of diminutive, agile, and secretive frogs that inhabit forest leaf litter and have direct development. Species richness within Adelophryne was previously underestimated, and several new species have recently been described. Here, we describe a new species of Adelophryne from the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Paraíba. The new species is characterized by its small body size, small and distinct tympanum, toes with subarticular tubercles, fingers mucronate, three phalanges in the Finger IV, and an advertisement call composed of one single pulsed note with a high dominant frequency. The new species is phylogenetically related to other Adelophryne species of the Northern Atlantic Forest Clade and is endemic to the “Pernambuco Endemism Center” in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot.

We describe herein a new species of Vitreorana from the Cerrado biome at Serra da Canastra National Park, Vargem Bonita, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Morphological and molecular data from one nuclear gene (proopiomelanocortin) show that the new species belongs to the genus Vitreorana , with a strong support of posterior probability of Bayesian inference. Vitreorana franciscana sp. nov. is characterized by its slender body; snout subovoid in dorsal view; outer tarsal and ulnar ridges with low and small, thickened tubercles; cloacal ornamentation composed of an aggregation of small, thickened tubercles, with two elevations on each side of anal opening forming a slight flap, all highlighted by white pigment; and reticulated arrangement of melanophores on dorsum. Furthermore, we describe the calling repertoire and provide data on natural history of the new species.