In this article, we examine how social movement activists draw on the hydrosocial dynamics of the watershed unit to build a river protection network in resistance to extractivist development. We apply a critically engaged activist anthropological focus, and drawing on four years of collaborative fieldwork, we describe how activists formed a hydrosocial movement to reconfigure Chile as an interconnected territory of living watersheds. In 2014, the Patagonia Without Dams movement successfully stopped the development of a mega-dam complex in Chilean Patagonia, catalyzing a major upheaval in environmental politics. The Free-Flowing Rivers Network harnessed momentum from Patagonia Without Dams and jumped scales from place-based campaigns that defend singular rivers against dams to translocal actions that protect watersheds from an array of extractive industries. We show how this movement bridged rural and urban conflict zones, seeking to protect watersheds from forms of extractivism beyond dams, including mining and irrigation projects. By focusing on the Free-Flowing River Network’s efforts to translate its political-ecological platform into policy, we show how hydrosocial territories may be established, defended, expanded, and stabilized through strategies that explicitly connect water and society.
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Fall 2023
Research Article|
August 24 2023
FROM WATERSHED MOMENT TO HYDROSOCIAL MOVEMENT: PATAGONIA WITHOUT DAMS AND THE FREE-FLOWING RIVERS NETWORK IN CHILE
James J. A. Blair;
James J. A. Blair
James J. A. Blair is Associate Professor in Geography and Anthropology at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Blair holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology from The Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is the author of Salvaging Empire: Sovereignty, Natural Resources, and Environmental Science in the South Atlantic (Cornell University Press, 2023). In addition to his research on energy, water, and environmental justice in the Americas, Blair has professional experience in environmental policy as an International Advocate for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Grant M. Gutierrez currently serves as the Duwamish Valley Program Coordinator at the City of Seattle, focused on equitable development and environmental justice for communities living along the banks of the Duwamish River. Gutierrez received a Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society (EEES) from Dartmouth College, where he was trained as a political ecologist. His research draws on participatory ethnographic methods, watershed restoration, floodplain management, and environmental justice. Ramón Balcázar M. is a Ph.D. student in Rural Development at the Autonomous Metropolitan University of Mexico—UAM and Coordinator at OPSAL (Plurinational Observatory of Andean Salt Flats). Taking a participatory approach, his militant research is situated at the intersection between multilateral climate policies and the subsequent expansion of green extractivism throughout Indigenous/rural territories in the Andean Puna. Areas of expertise are rural development, agroecology, neoextractivism, climate justice, socioenviron-mental movements, just transition, and post-development.
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Grant Gutierrez;
Grant Gutierrez
James J. A. Blair is Associate Professor in Geography and Anthropology at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Blair holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology from The Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is the author of Salvaging Empire: Sovereignty, Natural Resources, and Environmental Science in the South Atlantic (Cornell University Press, 2023). In addition to his research on energy, water, and environmental justice in the Americas, Blair has professional experience in environmental policy as an International Advocate for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Grant M. Gutierrez currently serves as the Duwamish Valley Program Coordinator at the City of Seattle, focused on equitable development and environmental justice for communities living along the banks of the Duwamish River. Gutierrez received a Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society (EEES) from Dartmouth College, where he was trained as a political ecologist. His research draws on participatory ethnographic methods, watershed restoration, floodplain management, and environmental justice. Ramón Balcázar M. is a Ph.D. student in Rural Development at the Autonomous Metropolitan University of Mexico—UAM and Coordinator at OPSAL (Plurinational Observatory of Andean Salt Flats). Taking a participatory approach, his militant research is situated at the intersection between multilateral climate policies and the subsequent expansion of green extractivism throughout Indigenous/rural territories in the Andean Puna. Areas of expertise are rural development, agroecology, neoextractivism, climate justice, socioenviron-mental movements, just transition, and post-development.
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M. Ramón Balcázar
M. Ramón Balcázar
James J. A. Blair is Associate Professor in Geography and Anthropology at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Blair holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology from The Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is the author of Salvaging Empire: Sovereignty, Natural Resources, and Environmental Science in the South Atlantic (Cornell University Press, 2023). In addition to his research on energy, water, and environmental justice in the Americas, Blair has professional experience in environmental policy as an International Advocate for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Grant M. Gutierrez currently serves as the Duwamish Valley Program Coordinator at the City of Seattle, focused on equitable development and environmental justice for communities living along the banks of the Duwamish River. Gutierrez received a Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society (EEES) from Dartmouth College, where he was trained as a political ecologist. His research draws on participatory ethnographic methods, watershed restoration, floodplain management, and environmental justice. Ramón Balcázar M. is a Ph.D. student in Rural Development at the Autonomous Metropolitan University of Mexico—UAM and Coordinator at OPSAL (Plurinational Observatory of Andean Salt Flats). Taking a participatory approach, his militant research is situated at the intersection between multilateral climate policies and the subsequent expansion of green extractivism throughout Indigenous/rural territories in the Andean Puna. Areas of expertise are rural development, agroecology, neoextractivism, climate justice, socioenviron-mental movements, just transition, and post-development.
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Human Organization (2023) 82 (3): 288–303.
Citation
James J. A. Blair, Grant Gutierrez, M. Ramón Balcázar; FROM WATERSHED MOMENT TO HYDROSOCIAL MOVEMENT: PATAGONIA WITHOUT DAMS AND THE FREE-FLOWING RIVERS NETWORK IN CHILE. Human Organization 1 September 2023; 82 (3): 288–303. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.3.288
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