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Guohua Hou
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Journal Articles
Journal:
Journal of Coastal Research
Journal of Coastal Research (2020) 37 (2): 349–363.
Published: 01 December 2020
Abstract
ABSTRACT Liu, S.; Gao, M.; Hou, G., and Jia, C., 2021. Groundwater characteristics and mixing processes during the development of a modern estuarine delta (Luanhe River Delta, China). Journal of Coastal Research, 37(2), 349–363. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Luanhe River Delta (LRD) is divided into two parts, the ancient LRD and the modern LRD (MLRD), and has formed since 7000 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP). The MLRD developed from 2500 cal yr BP. Influenced by paleoclimatic changes and human activity, its groundwater environment is complex. In this study, groundwater monitoring methods, hydrochemistry, and isotopes are used to determine the groundwater characteristics and mixing processes during MLRD development. The groundwater dynamics show seasonal variations. The groundwater salinity distribution features vertical zones and is the same as the stratal distribution. The saline groundwater formation involves evaporation, condensation, hydrolysis, dissolution of evaporated salts, and mixing of groundwater with different qualities and hydrochemical compositions. Brackish water and saline water are the result of mixing between fresh and highly saline waters in deep groundwater based on the hydraulic conditions and the dispersion effect. The formation of the MLRD, which can be described as natural reclamation, provides good groundwater flow and mixing channels. Based on hydrochemical data, the mixing model, and the hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, salinity in shallow groundwater is influenced by seawater intrusion and saline water intrusion. The concentrations of sodium and chloride can indicate the intrusion degree. Precipitation and other freshwater inputs provide the main recharge sources that lead to freshening of the shallow groundwater. Close to the sea, the water exchange between groundwater and seawater is intense, which can lead to similar hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and local seawater. Saline water intrusion in deep groundwater is more serious than that in shallow groundwater because there is no other freshwater recharge to deep groundwater.
Journal Articles
Journal:
Journal of Coastal Research
Journal of Coastal Research (2016) (74 (10074)): 157–165.
Published: 01 March 2016
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gao, M. S.; Hou, G. H., and Guo, F., 2016. Conceptual model of underground brine formation in the silty coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China. There were three major transgression-regression events since the late Pleistocene in the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China. The three marine facies were correspondingly formed. Large amount of underground brine has been found in the late Pleistocene aquifers. A multi-source fluvial delta sedimentary system where the processes of replenishment, migration, filtration, storage, capping condition act together may be more dominant for the formation of underground brine. The dissolved salinity in the liquid of surface microtopography such as lagoon, paleochannel and tidal creek was originated from marine sediment and influenced partly by normal seawater over the time interval, which ran across the bar during the process of storm surge sometimes, but the water body in the sediment only came from fresh groundwater in the fluvial delta. In order to better understand and utilize the underground brine resources, we proposed a conceptual model about the formation of underground brine. Underground brine evolution can be categorized into two stages with six processes. The first stage could be the early regression period. Taking microrelief as a control condition of brine generated reactor, dissolved components were fractionated under the effect of pump evaporation combined with ion exchange between sediment and pore water, leading to the mineral composition changes in groundwater. As a result, underground brine was generated in the tidal flat and delta front under the effect of backflow-infiltration. The saline brine flushed into the tidal flat and the delta front under the effect of backflow-infiltration and remained stable with high degree of mineralization for a long time. The second stage would be the end period of regression. Brine-producing reservoir was formed by a combined effect of both long-term evaporation and seasonal fluvial material input. When lateral terrestrial deposit covered the early brine layer, the underground brine was then formed. Therefore, the three underground brine layers were results of three large scale sea-land changes.