ABSTRACT Kim, B.-J.; Lee, D.E.; Ro, Y.-J., and Jeong, K.-Y., . Weather-driven coastal dynamics in a tide-dominated area: cases of spring 2016 in the West Coast Korea. Analyses of current dynamics recorded using multilayer current meters in spring 2016 (15 April–17 May, 32 d) at two stations near Kkotji Beach in Anmyeon-do, Yellow Sea, Korea, are presented. Harmonic analysis is applied to identify tidal characteristics in the study area. A slightly rotational current pattern is detected at ST01, while oscillations predominantly in north–south orientation are detected at ST02. Nontidal residual currents and the concurrent surface atmosphere data are analyzed together. Residual currents converge (diverge) between ST01 and ST02 following the increase (decrease) in thickness between two stations. Using advanced statistical methods, the spatial patterns of such dynamic events are shown with their association with surface atmosphere. Complex correlation analysis reveals that residual currents are significantly correlated with abrupt surface wind fluctuations associated with extratropical cyclones. The characteristics of residual currents and surface wind vectors are further analyzed, using complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF). The first residual current mode (R1) accounts for 46.8% of the total variation, while the second mode (R2) accounts for 24.9%. R1 represents a wind-induced component in the longshore direction, while R2 represents a bottom-driven component in the opposite direction. Both the modes correlate significantly with the first wind mode (W1, longshore wind), which leads the associated residual current modes by a few hours. Spectral analysis indicates that the two significant periods of surface wind and residual current modes are well matched to each other, exhibiting cycles of 1.6 and 4 days.

ABSTRACT Oh, H.M.; Hwang, S.M.; Kim, S.M.; Kang, T.S.; and Jeong, K.Y., 2018. Systematic Coastal Field Survey Method and Coastal Structures Management Status in the Korean Coast. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research , Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1461–1465. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study analyzes the management status of the Korean coastal structures and suggests coastal field survey methods for a more efficient and systematic coastal management. In order to maximize efficiency, the coastal field survey was divided into three steps. On Survey (I), the topography, structures, industrial structure and etc. were surveyed by using various thematic maps and afterwards the target sites for Survey (II) were chosen. On Survey (II), by visiting the target sites firsthand, the exteriors of terrains, coastal concrete structures were examined, and local residents were interviewed. On Survey (III), timeworn structures that clearly needed maintenance and structures that had more than two faults - cracks, rebar exposure, loss and subsidence -, which were identified during Survey (II), had the round hardness test using the Schmidt hammer. Based on the compressive strength results from the test, all structures were classified into five numerical grades As a result of Survey (I), 2,861 sites for Survey (II) were chosen. Results of Survey (II) identified target structures for Survey (III): 10 in Gangwon (8%), 35 in Gyeongnam (5%), 12 in Gyeongbuk (6%), 10 in Busan (7%), 0 in Ulsan (0%), 22 in Incheon & Gyeonggi (14%), 145 in Jeonnam (14%), 13 in Jeonbuk (19%), 5 in Jeju (3%), 51 in Chungnam (22%). According to the Survey (III) results, 85.2% of the target structures were classified as grade 4 or 5, therefore demonstrating that the three step survey method in this study is appropriate and accurate. This survey method could improve the efficiency of coastal management.

ABSTRACT Kang, T.S.; Oh, H.M.; Lee, E.I., and Jeong, K.Y., 2018. Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Coastal Areas of Korea. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research , Special Issue No. 85, pp. 886–890. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In this study, the vulnerability to disaster in the coastal areas of Korea was assessed for the safe utilization and value enhancement of coastal areas. The framework of the coastal disaster vulnerability assessment has been adopted from the concept of climate change vulnerability of the IPCC (2001). Coastal Disaster Impact Index(CDII) is defined as a function of exposure and sensitivity, and the Coastal Disaster Vulnerability Index (CDVI) includes those as well as adaptive capacity. Indicators of exposure consisted of typhoon, surge, wave, tide, SLR and coastal erosion. Indicators of sensitivity consisted of human, property and geography. And adaptive capacity consisted of socioeconomic and governmental adaptive capacity. The parameters of these 11 indicators were gathered from government agencies, numerical model experiments and field surveys. Spatial analysis was performed by using the GIS program after passing the quality test, and analysed data were standardized and classified into 5 numerical grades. The results of the CDVI were grade 1: 2,737.3km (28.4%), grade 2: 1,667.2km (17.3%), grade 3: 1,402.3km (14.5%), grade 4: 1,758.7km (18.2%), and grade 5: 2,083.8km (21.6%) of the total 9,649.3km. The CDVI value was high in Jindo-gun and Haenamgun, when analysed with an index that includes the adaptive capacity to the disaster of the local governments and CDII. Coastal disaster vulnerability assessment results are used as reference indicators to identify the cause of coastal disasters, to establish countermeasures, to aid the decision-making process regarding the sustainable development in coastal areas, thus contributing to effective and safe coastal management.

ABSTRACT Kim, D.-Y.; Park, S.-H.; Woo, S.-B.; Jeong, K.-Y., and Lee, E.-I., 2017. Sea level rise and storm surge around the southeastern coast of Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium . Journal of Coastal Research , Special Issue No. 79, pp. 239–243. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The sea level rise around the Korean peninsula has become a significant factor that can have a catastrophic impact on low-lying coastal regions. The risk of storm surges can be intensified by rising sea levels, which will create more damaging flood conditions in coastal areas. This study focused on the long-term variations of the mean sea level (MSL) and the annual maximum surge heights (AMSH), which were influenced by global warming and strengthening typhoons. The trends of MSL and AMSH were estimated using the sea level data at eight stations along the southern and eastern coast of Korea over the past 40 years (~2014). The trend was on average +2.31 mm (exclude Pohang) and +2.59 mm per year, which were significant within the 95% confidence level based on linear regression. The areal average rise of the MSL was +2.32 mm and +2.31 mm (exclude Pohang) per year in the south and east coast of Korea. The average rise of AMSH in the southern coast (+3.71 mm/year) was higher than the eastern coast (+1.48 mm/year) because the southern coast lies in the direct path of typhoons. Statistical analysis showed that 41% ~ 58% of the AMSH occurred during the typhoon event. The AMSH were relatively low during the last decade due to the typhoon landfall frequency and reducing intensity. Overall, the surge heights (extreme sea levels) at southeastern coast of Korea are likely to be affected by geographical or regional atmospheric adjustments in accordance with global climate change.

ABSTRACT Lim, C.; Park, S.-H.; Kim, D.-Y.; Woo, S.-B., and Jeong, K.-Y., 2017. Influence of steric effect on the rapid sea level rise at Jeju Island, Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium . Journal of Coastal Research , Special Issue No. 79, pp. 189–193. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. According to a report by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), the sea level rise in west coast (1.31 mm/yr), east coast (2.69 mm/yr) and south coast (2.05 mm/yr) of Korea are different. Especially, the seas around Jeju Island show one of the most rapid increase of sea level rise in recent years. This investigation on the data from Jeju and Seogwipo tidal station indicated that the sea level rises around Jeju and near Seogwipo were 5.63 mm/yr and 3.75 mm/yr, respectively. This shows that the northern and southern parts of the island have different temporal rates of sea level rise. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the steric effect caused by density change in the water to the rate of sea level rise, by using sea temperature and salinity data measured by the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS). It is found that the trend of seawater density variation near Jeju Island changed by the time of around 2006 and so does the sea level rise, indicating that there is a meaningful correlation between sea level rise and density variation. The rate of steric height rise by the density were calculated, resulting in a 15.8% and 23.2% of sea level rise in Jeju and Seogwipo, respectively.