ABSTRACT
Low-income homeowners often face higher utility bills due to the poor condition of their homes, leading to increased energy and water consumption. This study examines the feasibility of low-cost renovations for these homes using optimization modeling. Twenty-three self-implementable retrofits were identified, with their costs and economic and environmental benefits calculated. An optimization model was then developed to find the best retrofits within a homeowner's budget, aimed at minimizing Global Warming Potential (GWP) and maximizing energy savings. The model was applied to a low-income home in Illinois, USA, with results showing that even small investments can yield significant savings and quick payback, along with reduced GWP. For example, a $200 investment can save over $500 and cut 2.6 tons of carbon emissions, while $2000 can lead to over 43% energy savings and a 65% reduction in emissions. The study further emphasizes that water conservation is as critical as energy conservation in creating sustainable homes.