ABSTRACT
Modular methods based on the use of prefabricated structures are increasingly popular for construction projects as they contribute to sustainability by reducing waste and maintenance costs as well as improving time efficiency. For short-term international events, the use of relocatable modular buildings is a potential solution to the problem of “White Elephant” structures built specially for the events that serve no useful purpose once the event is over. This paper focuses on a representative relocatable modular project created for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in South Korea using a single case study approach to develop an in-depth understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of relocatable modular construction from a practitioner’s perspective and examine how this approach supports sustainability and the Olympic legacy. Important considerations are identified for each of the five main stages: 1) planning, 2) design and engineering, 3) manufacturing, 4) construction and 5) disassembly and reconstruction. These findings show how the use of relocatable modular facilities can be a useful approach for international events.
REFERENCES
Ahn,
Y.H.,
Kim
K.-T.
2014
).
Sustainability in modular design and construction: a case study of ‘The Stack’
,
International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development
,
5
,
250
–
259
.
Aye,
L.,
Ngo
T.,
Crawford,
R.H.
Gammampila
R.
Mendis
P.
2012
).
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy analysis of prefabricated reusable building modules
,
Energy and Buildings
,
47
,
159
–
168
.
Aziz,
R.F.,
Hafez
S.M.
2013
).
Applying lean thinking in construction and performance improvement
,
Alexandria Engineering Journal
,
52
,
679
–
695
.
Basu,
A.
2012
).
The Economic & Financial Performance of Relocatable Buildings in the U.S. Modular Building Industry
,
Modular Building Institute Educational Foundation
.
BC Housing
.
(
2010
).
BC Housing Annual Report 2009/10, Board of Commisioners
,
BC Housing
,
British Columbia, Canada
.
BC Housing
.
(
2014
).
Modular and Prefabricated Housing: Literature Scan of Ideas, Innovations, and Considerations to Improve Affordability
,
BC Housing
,
BC Real Estate Institute, Manufactured Housing Association of BC, and the Real Estate Foundation of BC, British Columbia, Canada
.
Boukas,
N.,
Ziakas
V.
Boustras
G.
2013
).
Olympic legacy and cultural tourism: Exploring the facets of Athens’ Olympic heritage
,
International Journal of Heritage Studies
,
19
,
203
–
228
.
Carriker,
M.,
Langar
S.
2014
).
Factors affecting large scale modular construction projects
,
Proceedings of the 50th ASC Annual International Conference
,
March 2014
,
Washington D.C.
Chan,
A.P.C.,
Scott
D.
Chan
A.P.L.
2004
).
Factors affecting the success of a construction project
,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
130
,
153
–
155
.
Chen,
Y.
2015
).
Legacy creation strategy in Olympic cities
,
International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development
,
3
,
74
–
87
.
Choi,
C.,
Cho
S.H.
Oh
M.-S.
2016
).
Corrosion properties of high-corrosion-resistance galvanized steel sheet, Posmac®
,
Meeting Abstracts MA2016-02
,
1362
.
Chua,
D.K.H.,
Kog
Y.C.
Loh
P.K.
1999
).
Critical success factors for different project objectives
,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
125
(
3
),
142
–
150
.
Couto,
A.,
Couto
J.P.
2010
).
16. Guidelines to improve construction and demolition waste management in Portugal
,
in:
Pomffyová
M.
(Ed),
Process Management
,
InTech
Croatia
(pp.
285
–
308
).
Crowther,
P.
2018
).
Re-valuing construction materials and components through design for disassembly
,
in
Crocker
R.,
Saint
C.,
Chen
G.
Tong
Y.
(Eds.)
Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy
,
Emerald Publishing
(pp.
309
–
321
).
De La Torre,
M.L.
1994
).
A Review and Analysis of Modular Construction Practices, MSc. thesis, Lehigh University. Diez, R., M. Abderrahim., V M Padron, & Balaguer, C. (2007). Automod3: The integration of design and planning tools for automatic modular construction
,
International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems
,
4
,
457
–
468
.
Eastman,
C.M.,
Teicholz
P.,
Sacks
R.
Liston
K.
2011
)
BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors
,
2nd Edn,
John Wiley & Sons
.
Elnaas,
E.
2014
).
The Decision To Use Off-Site Manufacturing (OSM) Systems for House Building Projects in the UK
,
PhD dissertation, University of Brighton, UK.
Ganiron,
T.U.,
Almarwae
M.
2014
).
Prefabricated technology in a modular house
,
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
,
73
,
51
–
74
.
Gassel,
F.V.,
Roders
M.
2006
).
A Modular Construction System. How to design its Production Process
,
Proceedings of Adaptables2006, International Conference On Adaptable Building Structures
,
Eindhoven The Netherlands
03–05 July 2006, 12–1
.
Gibb,
A.G.F.
1999
).
Off site fabrication: prefabrication, preassembly and modularisation
,
Whittles Publishing
.
Gibb,
A.,
Isack
F.
2003
).
Re-engineering through pre-assembly: Client expectations and drivers
,
Building Research and Information
,
31
(
2
),
146
–
160
.
Gillham,
B.
2005
).
Research Interviewing: The Range Of Techniques: A Practical Guide
,
Open University Press
,
U.K.
Goodier,
C.,
Gibb.
A.
2007
).
Future opportunities for offsite in the UK
,
Construction Manageement and Economics
,
25
(
6
),
585
–
595
.
Goulding,
J.,
Arif
M.
2013
).
Offsite Production and Manufacturing–Research Roadmap Report
,
CIB Publication
372
.
Harmelink,
D.J.
1995
).
Linear Scheduling Model: The Development of a Linear Scheduling Model With Micro Computer Applications for Highway Construction Control
,
PhD dissertation, Iowa State University.
Hodgson,
A.T.,
Shendell
D.G.,
Fisk
W.J.
Apte
M.G.
2004
).
Comparison of predicted and derived measures of volatile organic compounds inside four new relocatable classrooms.
,
Indoor Air
,
14
,
Suppl 8
,
135
–
144
.
Hosseini,
A.,
Lædre
O.,
Andersen
B.,
Torp
O.,
Olsson
N.
Lohne
J.
2016
).
Selection criteria for delivery methods for infrastructure projects
,
Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences
,
226
,
260
–
268
.
Huang,
W.-L.,
Lin
D.-H.,
Chang
N.-B.
Lin
K.-S.
2002
).
Recycling of construction and demolition waste via a mechanical sorting process
,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
,
37
,
23
–
37
.
Kamali,
M.,
Hewage
K.
Milani
A.S.
2018
).
Life cycle sustainability performance assessment framework for residential modular buildings: Aggregated sustainability indices
,
Building and Environment
,
138
,
21
–
41
.
Kent
D.C.,
Becerik-Gerber
B.
2010
).
Understanding construction industry experience and attitudes toward integrated project delivery
,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
136
,
815
–
825
.
Klang,
A.,
Vikman
P.-Å.
Brattebø
H.
2003
).
Sustainable management of demolition waste—an integrated model for the evaluation of environmental, economic and social aspects
,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
,
38
,
317
–
334
.
Lawson,
R.M.,
Ogden
R.G.
Bergin
R.
2012
).
Application of modular construction in high-rise buildings
,
Journal of Architectural Engineering
,
18
,
148
–
154
.
Lawson,
R.M.,
Ogden
R.G.,
Pedreschi
R.,
Grubb
P.J.
Popo-Ola
S.O.
2005
).
Developments in pre-fabricated systems in light steel and modular construction
,
Structural Engineer
,
83
,
28
–
35
.
Lu
N.,
Liska
R.W.
2008
).
Designers’ and general contractors’ perceptions of offsite construction techniques in the United States construction industry
,
International Journal of Construction Education and Research
,
4
,
177
–
188
.
Mályusz,
L.,
Varga
A.
2016
).
An estimation of the learning curve effect on project scheduling with working days calculation
,
Periodica Polytechnica Architecture
,
47
(
2
),
104
–
109
.
MBI.
(
2011
).
Relocatable Buildings 2011 Annual Report
,
Modular Building Institute
,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
.
MBI
. (
2017
).
Modular advantage for the commercial modular construction industry
,
RB annual statistical data., available from www.modular.org.
Metric Modular
(
2018
).
Olympic Legacy Housing Case Study
.
Mora,
E.P.
2007
).
Life cycle, sustainability and the transcendent quality of building materials
,
Building and Environment
,
42
,
1329
–
1334
.
Murtaza,
M.B.,
Fisher
D.J.
Skibniewski
M.J.
1993
).
Knowledge-based approach to modular construction decision support
,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
119
,
115
–
130
.
Ozorhon,
B.
2013
).
Analysis of construction innovation process at project level
,
Journal of Management in Engineering
,
29
(
4
).
Panagiotopoulou,
R.
2014
).
The legacies of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games: A bitter-sweet burden
,
Contemporary Social Science
,
9
,
173
–
195
.
Pinto,
J.K.,
Slevin
D.P.
1987
).
Critical factors in successful project implementation
,
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-34
,
22
–
27
.
Rahman,
M.M.
2014
).
Barriers of Implementing Modern Methods of Construction
,
Journal of Management in Engineering
,
30
(
1
),
69
–
77
. 4
Riege,
A.M.
2003
).
Validity and reliability tests in case study research: a literature review with “hands-on” applications for each research phase
,
Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal
,
6
,
75
–
86
.
Roult,
R.,
Lefebvre
S.
2010
).
Planning and reconversion of Olympic heritages: The Montreal Olympic Stadium
,
The International Journal of the History of Sport
,
27
,
2731
–
2747
.
Schoenborn,
J.M.
2012
).
A Case Study Approach to Identifying the Constraints and Barriers to Design Innovation for Modular Construction
,
MSc thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Searle,
G.
2002
).
Uncertain legacy : Sydney ’s Olympic stadiums
,
European Planning Studies
,
10
,
845
–
860
.
Sev,
A.
2008
).
How can the construction industry contribute to sustainable development? A conceptual framework
,
Sustainable Development
,
17
,
161
–
173
.
Shaba,
J.K.,
Rahimian
F.P.
Goulding
J.S.
2014
)
Offsite manufacturing construction: a big opportunity for housing delivery in Nigeria
,
Procedia Engineering
,
85
,
319
–
327
.
Sharafi,
P.,
Mortazavi
M.,
Samali
B.
Ronagh
H.
2018
).
Interlocking system for enhancing the integrity of multi-storey modular buildings
,
Automation in Construction
,
85
,
263
–
272
.
Shin,
H.,
Ahn
Y.
2016
).
Modular building construction process development by benchmarking international best practices
,
Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
17
,
3
–
12
.
Somers,
T.M.,
Nelson
K.
2001
).
The impact of critical success factors across the stages of enterprise resource planning implementations
,
Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
,
Maui, HI, USA
,
06 January 2001
.
Tatum,
C.B.
1986
).
Designing project organizations: An expanded process
,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
,
112
,
259
–
272
.
Taylor,
M.D.
2010
)
A definition and valuation of the UK offsite contsruction sector
,
Construction Management and Economics
,
28
(
8
),
885
–
896
.
Tellis,
W.M.
1997
).
Application of a case study methodology
,
The Qualitative Report
,
3
(
3
),
1
–
19
.
Varma,
V.
2008
).
Advances in the production of shop drawings and their impact on constructability
,
Paper presented at 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition, ASEE
,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
,
June 2008
.
Williams,
T.
Samset
K.
2010
).
Issues in front-end decision making on projects
,
Project Management Journal
,
41
,
38
–
49
.
Xu,
X.,
Zhao
Y.
2010
).
Some economic facts of the prefabricated housing
,
available from http://zhao.rutgers.edu/Xu-Zhao-10-01-12.pdf.
Zaidah,
Z.,
Zainal
Z.
2007
).
Case study as a research method
,
Jurnal Kemanusiaan
,
9
,
1
–
6
.
Zhai,
X.,
Reed
R.
Mills
A.
2014
).
Factors impeding the offsite production of housing construction in China: An investigation of current practice
,
Construction Management and Economics
,
32
,
40
–
52
.
Zhao,
X.,
Riffat,
S.
2007
).
Prefabrication in house constructions
,
International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies
,
2
(
1
),
44
–
51
This content is only available as a PDF.
Author notes
1. Ph.D. Student, Architectural Engineering, Hanyang Univ. ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea, E-mail:[email protected]
2. Research Professor, Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea, E-mail:[email protected]
3. Ph.D. & Group Leader, POSCO Architectures & Constructions, Incheon, 21998, Republic of Korea, [email protected]
4. Associate professor, School of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Hanyang Univ. ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea, E-mail:[email protected]
© 2020 by College Publishing. All rights reserved.
2020
