Trifolium repens (white clover) is a herbaceous perennial plant that grows and spreads quickly under favorable conditions. White clover increases nitrogen and calcium concentrations in soil, thus improving the nutritional value of surrounding plants. In this experiment, the primary objective was to determine an optimal spatial distance between individuals, or in other words, an ideal plant density that maximized clover biomass. It was hypothesized that clovers planted in the lowest densities would have shorter stems and a larger leaf area on average, while more densely planted clovers would grow taller and have smaller leaflets as a result of competition for sunlight and resources. The setup consisted of randomly arranged planting trays on a rack under constant fluorescent lighting, each with one of four different seed densities ranging from low to high. The results showed that the largest clovers overall in terms of biomass were grown in the mid-range densities as...

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