Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition of peri-implant tissues initiated by a bacterial challenge, resulting in a nonlinear and accelerated loss of supporting bone.1 Clinically, it is characterized by inflammation, increased probing depths, and bleeding on probing or suppuration.1 Considering the shift in the number of patients rehabilitated with dental implants in the last few years, the number of patients presenting peri-implant disease also increased.2 The mean prevalence of peri-implantitis is estimated to be 22% of the subjects with osseointegrated implants, representing a growing public health problem.3,4
Usually, peri-implantitis is a silent pathologic condition with discrete signs not noted by the patients, making the diagnosis late.5 Host response is individual, and different profiles of inflammation modulators can influence the disease’s establishment.6 Furthermore, some risk factors are related to the risk of developing peri-implantitis, such as a history of periodontitis, poor plaque control, a...
