The placement of endosseous implants in the posterior maxilla often involves considering the location and anatomy of the maxillary sinus. Generally, implants in the posterior maxilla require a minimum vertical height of 10–12 mm to achieve long-term predictable results. Tatum described a lateral approach to the maxillary sinus whereby one should elevate the sinus membrane and graft subantrally as a modified Caldwell-Luc procedure. If the maxillary sinus is not as pneumatized, Summers described a less invasive 1-step procedure whereby the sinus floor is upfractured utilizing progressive osteotomes. This technique utilizes a crestal approach and requires concave-tipped osteotomes of progressing diameters to allow the movement of a mass of bone beyond the original sinus floor thereby elevating the mucosal lining. These techniques with some modifications are widely used today and are considered highly reliable.4,5  Improper placement of endosseous implants and displacement of properly placed...

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