Parasitological analysis of 5 sediment samples from San Bernardino, California latrine deposits spanning the time period from about 1880 to the 1930s are presented. Two sediment samples are from a latrine used by European-Americans. Three sediment samples are from latrines used by Chinese-Americans on the property of Wong Nim, an important member of the Chinese community. Two of the Chinese latrines were positive for human parasites. The human parasites encountered include the human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), the giant intestinal roundworm (Ascaris lubricoides, c.f.), and the Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis). Evidence of the liver fluke is especially important. This parasite cannot complete its life cycle outside of its endemic range in Asia because suitable intermediate hosts are not present in the American continents. Its presence signals that at least some of the Chinese-Americans who used the latrines were immigrants who were infected in Asia and then sustained infections while in the Americas.
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February 2008
RESEARCH NOTES|
February 01 2008
Chinese Liver Flukes in Latrine Sediments From Wong Nim's Property, San Bernardino, California: Archaeoparasitology of the Caltrans District Headquarters
Karl J. Reinhard;
Karl J. Reinhard
a719 Hardin Hall, School of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0987. kreinhard1@unl.edu
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Adauto Araújo;
Adauto Araújo
bEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 1480 Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Luciana Sianto;
Luciana Sianto
bEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 1480 Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Julia G. Costello;
Julia G. Costello
cP.O. Box 288, 9686 Sport Hill Road, Mokelumne Hill, California 95245
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Karen Swope
Karen Swope
dCaltrans San Bernardino District 8, 247 W. 3rd Street, San Bernardino, California 92402
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J Parasitol (2008) 94 (1): 300–303.
Citation
Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luciana Sianto, Julia G. Costello, Karen Swope; Chinese Liver Flukes in Latrine Sediments From Wong Nim's Property, San Bernardino, California: Archaeoparasitology of the Caltrans District Headquarters. J Parasitol 1 February 2008; 94 (1): 300–303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1049.1
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