Book Review Open Access

How can a single textbook bridge the gap between foundational conservation genetics and the genomics revolution? In the latest edition of Conservation and the Genomics of Populations, Allendorf and colleagues achieve just that. This timely update brings fresh perspectives, tools, and case studies to a field rapidly evolving alongside genomic technologies. As the third edition of a widely respected publication, this book is poised to remain an indispensable resource for students and seasoned researchers alike. Building on its predecessors, this edition moves the book forward by incorporating the rapidly expanding field of genomics in conservation settings (Theissinger et al. 2023; Hogg 2024). A new chapter on population genomics highlights advances that have reshaped how we understand genetic diversity, demographic histories, and conservation priorities in light of these new types of data. There is also an increased focus on disease, in particular highlighting the concept that human health and well-being is undoubtedly tied to the well-being of our natural world. With its broad scope and integration of foundational concepts, cutting-edge genomics, and pressing global challenges, Conservation and the Genomics of Populations offers insights and tools that are both timely and transformative.

In this new edition, the authors integrate diverse perspectives, techniques, and applications, successfully building on the reputation of previous editions as an essential resource for understanding population genomics. Notably, this edition features contributions from 41 guest authors, bringing interdisciplinary insights and practical examples that reflect the dynamic, collaborative nature of the field. This integrative approach mirrors the innovative nature of conservation genomics, where advancement so often arises from the intersection of viewpoints and techniques. In addition to showcasing diverse voices, the authors emphasize case studies and data that describe various species and ecosystems. With the increasing accessibility and affordability of genetic and genomic technologies and the rapid development of analytical tools, the focus shifts away from detailing specific programs or methods to fostering a conceptual understanding of population genomic theory. This approach is particularly beneficial for those that are new to the field, as it lays the groundwork for exploring hypotheses in conservation. To aid in this learning process, the text highlights newly introduced terms in bold, colored font, accompanied by comprehensive context and definitions that make complex concepts accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds. Overall, the incorporation of new views and techniques, plus a focus on the fundamentals, makes the book useful to many scientists interested in population genetics.

The timing of this book’s publication, during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores its relevance in informing how we manage ecosystems and disease. The text connects the dots between biodiversity conservation and human health, aligning with the One Health and Planetary Health frameworks. The chapters on wildlife diseases are particularly compelling, covering topics such as pathogen detection (Emerging Diseases and Parasites), transmission tracking (Invasive Species and Pathogens), and the use of genomic tools to identify immunity-related genes (Gene Editing and Gene Drive). These sections illustrate how genetic research can inform practical solutions to mitigate the impact of emerging diseases. However, there are moments where the book’s breadth outpaces its depth. For example, rapidly advancing areas such as epigenomics could benefit from more detailed discussion, and some additional case studies, such as the role of migratory birds in spreading avian influenza and its implications for disease transmission and population connectivity, could be explored. However, this does little to detract from the book’s overall utility as both a teaching resource and a professional reference.

Even with its expanded emphasis on new and emerging topics, Allendorf and his colleagues’ current edition of Conservation and the Genomics of Populations remains accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds and levels of expertise. With its extensive glossary, practical appendices, and approachable writing style, it is equally valuable for experienced scientists seeking a refresher and for students learning foundational concepts. Practical sections, such as Conservation Genetics in Practice and How Do I Become a Conservation Geneticist?, offer actionable insights for translating research into policy and charting a successful career in this dynamic field. By blending theoretical foundations, cutting-edge techniques, and real-world applications, Conservation and the Genomics of Populations is a text that not only informs but also inspires the next generation of scientists to address the most pressing challenges facing biodiversity today.