PROTESTS UNDER TRUMP, 2017–2021^*

† Jeremy Pressman is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut and author of The Sword is Not Enough: Arabs, Israelis, and the Limits of Military Force (Manchester UP, 2020). Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. At Harvard, Chenoweth directs the Nonviolent Action Lab, an innovation hub that provides empirical evidence in support of movement-led political transformation. Chenoweth’s most recent book is Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021). Tommy Leung, Ph.D., is a software engineer working on internet privacy and search and a co-founder of Count Love. L. Nathan Perkins, Ph.D., is a software engineer focusing on natural-language processing and a co-founder of Count Love, https://countlove.org/. Jay Ulfelder, Ph.D., is a Carr Center Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, where he serves as program director for the Nonviolent Action Lab. Please direct all correspondence to Jeremy Pressman at [email protected].

† Jeremy Pressman is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut and author of The Sword is Not Enough: Arabs, Israelis, and the Limits of Military Force (Manchester UP, 2020). Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. At Harvard, Chenoweth directs the Nonviolent Action Lab, an innovation hub that provides empirical evidence in support of movement-led political transformation. Chenoweth’s most recent book is Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021). Tommy Leung, Ph.D., is a software engineer working on internet privacy and search and a co-founder of Count Love. L. Nathan Perkins, Ph.D., is a software engineer focusing on natural-language processing and a co-founder of Count Love, https://countlove.org/. Jay Ulfelder, Ph.D., is a Carr Center Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, where he serves as program director for the Nonviolent Action Lab. Please direct all correspondence to Jeremy Pressman at [email protected].

† Jeremy Pressman is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut and author of The Sword is Not Enough: Arabs, Israelis, and the Limits of Military Force (Manchester UP, 2020). Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. At Harvard, Chenoweth directs the Nonviolent Action Lab, an innovation hub that provides empirical evidence in support of movement-led political transformation. Chenoweth’s most recent book is Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021). Tommy Leung, Ph.D., is a software engineer working on internet privacy and search and a co-founder of Count Love. L. Nathan Perkins, Ph.D., is a software engineer focusing on natural-language processing and a co-founder of Count Love, https://countlove.org/. Jay Ulfelder, Ph.D., is a Carr Center Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, where he serves as program director for the Nonviolent Action Lab. Please direct all correspondence to Jeremy Pressman at [email protected].

† Jeremy Pressman is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut and author of The Sword is Not Enough: Arabs, Israelis, and the Limits of Military Force (Manchester UP, 2020). Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. At Harvard, Chenoweth directs the Nonviolent Action Lab, an innovation hub that provides empirical evidence in support of movement-led political transformation. Chenoweth’s most recent book is Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021). Tommy Leung, Ph.D., is a software engineer working on internet privacy and search and a co-founder of Count Love. L. Nathan Perkins, Ph.D., is a software engineer focusing on natural-language processing and a co-founder of Count Love, https://countlove.org/. Jay Ulfelder, Ph.D., is a Carr Center Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, where he serves as program director for the Nonviolent Action Lab. Please direct all correspondence to Jeremy Pressman at [email protected].

† Jeremy Pressman is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut and author of The Sword is Not Enough: Arabs, Israelis, and the Limits of Military Force (Manchester UP, 2020). Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. At Harvard, Chenoweth directs the Nonviolent Action Lab, an innovation hub that provides empirical evidence in support of movement-led political transformation. Chenoweth’s most recent book is Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021). Tommy Leung, Ph.D., is a software engineer working on internet privacy and search and a co-founder of Count Love. L. Nathan Perkins, Ph.D., is a software engineer focusing on natural-language processing and a co-founder of Count Love, https://countlove.org/. Jay Ulfelder, Ph.D., is a Carr Center Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, where he serves as program director for the Nonviolent Action Lab. Please direct all correspondence to Jeremy Pressman at [email protected].