Arachis species have potential for enhancing cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm as forages and cover crops. This study's objective was to evaluate a range of Arachis species for biological nitrogen fixation capacity. Several Arachis species are tetraploids, and it has been shown that tetraploidy may play an important role in nodule initiation. Species were first tested under natural field conditions and then in the greenhouse using three Bradyrhizobium strains that had been previously shown to be effective on peanut. Nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity determined by acetylene reduction, and shoot dry weight were measured as indicators of nitrogen fixation capacity. In the field, tetraploid species produced significantly more nodules than the diploids, but total dry matter accumulation was independent of the number of nodules or rate of fixation. In the greenhouse, no significant differences were observed among the bradyrhizobial strains. Arachis hypogaea and A. monticola showed significantly higher measures of nitrogen fixation capacity for all measured traits than the diploid species. However, autotetraploid plants of A. villosa did not have significantly more nodules than diploids of the same accession; the autotetraploids consistently had higher nitrogenase activity. Arachis pusilla never formed a symbiotic relationship with the bradyrhizobial strains used.

Recently, the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) industry has expressed a greater need for higher percentages of fancy pods and extra large kernels (ELK), especially for use in large-seeded in-shell products. Genetic control of these traits has been reported to range in complexity from simple inheritance to the inclusion of multiple modifier genes. This study was conducted to determine the general combining ability (GCA) effects of 50 peanut genotypes on pod and seed size. Each genotype was used five times as a female parent and five times as a male parent in a partial diallel crossing program. F 1 hybrids were grown and their pods were harvested for measurements of pod and seed size. The F 2 generation was planted the following year and similar measurements were recorded using the single pod descent procedure. Individual F 2 plants were harvested and pod and seed characteristics measured for segregation information within four crosses. General combining ability effects were not well correlated between generations (r=0.53-0.56) or with the same traits measured on pure-line parents (r=0.32-0.42). PI 298845, PI 314897, PI 325079, Jenkins Jumbo, and Fla 393-8-1-1-1-1-1-2 had consistently large positive GCA effects on pod and seed weight. F 2 segregation patterns indicated that some crosses exhibit predominantly additive gene action while one cross (PI 270818 / PI 269111) showed dominance toward smaller pods. Transgressive segregation occurred for pod and seed size traits in four crosses. Substantial genetic variability for pod and seed size remains in the peanut germplasm collection.

Recurrent selection procedures are becoming more popular as a means of population improvement in self-pollinated crops. Four cycles of recurrent selection for yield in a broad-based peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) population have been completed. The objectives of this study were to determine (a) progress made after four cycles of recurrent selection for fruit yield and (b) if sufficient variability remained in the population to permit further improvements in yield from additional cycles of selection. The 40 highest yielding lines from 100 random-paired matings, were intercrossed to produce each successive cycle, resulting in a selection intensity of 40%. Bulked seed of the parental lines from each cycle were evaluated for yield to determine progress made after four cycles of selection. The observed variation in yield among entries was mainly due to differences among cycle means. Differences among cycle means were also detected for pod length, but not for any of the other fruit traits measured. The response to selection for yield was linear with a significant (p = 0.01) and positive regression coefficient (b = 190.7 kg ha -1 ). Selection based on fruit yield did not significantly change the means for any of the fruit traits measured. Significant estimates of genetic variability among entries within the cycle 4 population for yield and all fruit traits measured suggest that continued progress from additional cycles of selection should be expected in this population. Greater progress from selection may have resulted had a higher selection intensity been applied. However, estimates of genetic variability would be expected to decrease with each cycle of selection as the selection intensity increases and as the genetic base of the original population narrows. In the use of a broad-based population and a relatively low selection intensity, we chose to accept a lower rate of progress/cycle for yield in order to maintain a greater level of genetic variability within the recurrent selection population.

The mature seeds of 61 U. S. peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, one breeding and six exotic peanut lines representing three botanical types were surveyed for 25 enzyme systems using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The genotypes assayed showed no variation for most of the enzymes. For catalase and malate dehydrogenase, variability was present but not reproducibly within genotypes. Only three enzymes—glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI)—were consistently polymorphic. Each of the three enzymes displayed two different banding patterns. With three exceptions, the distribution of the zymograms for GOT and PHI reflected the taxonomic relatedness of Spanish and Valencia botanical type peanuts which are members of the subspecies A. hypogaea L. ssp. fastigiata Waldron when compared with Virginia botanical varieties which belong to the subspecies hypogaea. IDH showed only one banding pattern for the Spanish- and valencia-type peanuts (one exception), whereas the virginia-type cultivars varied for this enzyme reflecting the narrow genetic base of most Spanish cultivars and the broader germplasm base used for the development of Virginia cultivars. The limited amount of variability appears to restrict the applicability of isozymes as genetic markers in the cultivated peanut.

The effectiveness of early generation testing for yield improvement in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated in an attempt to increase the efficiency of an on-going recurrent selection program by reducing the time required for evaluation and selection. The objectives of the study were to (1) determine if the number of years required per cycle of selection could be reduced; and (2) estimate the amount of genetic variability remaining in the population for yield and four agronomic traits after four cycles of recurrent selection. Sixty-eight random-mated crosses, among the 40 highest yielding lines from the cycle 3 population, were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits in 1985 (S 0:1 ), 1986 (S 0:2 ), and 1987 (S 0:3 ). The results were compared to determine if early generation performance accurately predicts the performance of cross bulks in later generations. No significant correlations were found for yield of entries in the S 0:3 and S 0:2 or in the S 0:3 and S 0:1 ; however, there was a significant correlation between yield of entries in the S 0:2 and S 0:1 generations. No correlations were found between yield and any of the agronomic traits measured in the S 0:3 ; however, significant correlations were found in the S 0:2 between yield and most traits measured. Significant correlations were also found for entries in the S 0:3 and S 0:2 generations for each agronomic trait measured except number of seed per 20 pods. Early generation testings appears to be useful for selection of certain agronomic traits, but of limited value when selecting for yield. A decrease in genetic variation for yield in the population from the S 0:1 to the S 0:3 generation was observed; however, the number of crosses equal to or exceeding the yield of the check cultivar increased in later generations. All agronomic traits measured, except number of seed per 20 pods, showed significant genetic variation remaining in the population in both the S 0:2 and S 0:3 generations. The greater the genetic variation remaining in the population for a given trait, the more likely it is that further improvement of that trait will be realized with additional cycles of selection.

The stability or shelf-life of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) oil is related to the fatty acid content of the oil, with the major factor being the ratio of oleic (C18:1) to linoleic (C18:2) acid (O/L ratio). To obtain information needed for development of cultivars with improved oil quality, eight parents representing a range in oleic and linoleic content were crossed in diallel. Individual F 1 seeds (F 1 embryos) from the greenhouse and F 2 bulk seed from the 56 crosses grown in the field were analyzed to determine levels of the eight major fatty acids. General combining ability (GCA) was consistently more important than specific combining ability (SCA) in both generations, suggesting that additive effects are important in the inheritance of fatty acid composition. Maternal effects were significant in the F 1 but dissipated in the F 2 ; thus the differences in the environment provided by the maternal parent was more critical to oil composition than heritable extranuclear factors. Reciprocal effects were significant in both generations suggesting an interaction between nuclear and extranuclear factors. Correlations between GCA effects and self means for O/L ratio were nonsignificant. Since no significant correlations were found between percent oil and any of the fatty acids or related variables, selection for improved fatty acid composition should not affect the oil content of seed. Of the lines studied, NC 7, NC-Fla 14, and 73–30 should be used as parents in a breeding program for oil quality.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) may be improved by genetically manipulating the host plant. This requires an understanding of the inheritance of the traits involved in nitrogen fixation. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of several N 2 fixation-related traits for two peanut crosses based on Mather and Jink's fixation-related traits for two peanut crosses based on Mather and Jink's additive-dominance model, and to determine if epistasis was important in the inheritance of these traits. A generation means analysis usingparents, reciprocal F 1 s and F 2 s, and two back-cross generations was conducted for both crosses. Plants of different generations were grown in modified Leonard jars in the greenhouse for about 60 days at which time nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and specific activity were measured. Means of the traits for the generations from both crosses (Robut 33-1 x NC 4 and Robut 33-1 x Argentine) showed significant differences. Reciprocal differences were found for most traits measured in the cross of Robut 33-1 x Argentine, a cross of Virginia x Spanish botanical types. Lack of fit of the additive-dominance model indicated significant epistasis for inheritance of nodule number, nodule weight, top dry weight, and nitrogenase activity in both crosses. Three types of digenic interactions (additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance) were found. The presence of nonadditive genetic effects suggests that early generation selection would be ineffective.

Means of yield and qualitative traits are assessed in multi-location tests in the final stages of breeding line evaluation. Due to large environmental variation and genotype x environment interactions, it is often desirable to compare stability of lines over a range of environments. The objective of this study was to use various stability parameters to try and determine the stability of experimental breeding lines. Using data from regional advanced peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding line yield trials conducted over 3 years and four locations in Virginia and North Carolina, the stability of peanut cultivars and breeding lines was compared. Stability variance was found to be highly correlated (0.91–1.00) with covariate adjusted stability variance. In many instances, the stability-variance parameters produced similar results to pairwise regressions and dissimilarity measures when compared with standard cultivars. However, the distance parameters and regressions provided more precise information on relative responses in varying environments of two advanced breeding lines being considered for release. This allowed for direct comparison to cultivars targetted for replacement. NC 18411 had equal mean yields and qualitative traits but better stability than breeding line NC 18423. Regression analysis indicated that NC 18423 performed best in good environments but worse than most other cultivars in poor environments. Means and stability of value per kilogram and value per hectare were highly correlated with percentage of sound mature kernels and yield (0.92–0.99), respectively. A comparison of means and stability parameters was effective in discerning superiority of peanut breeding lines for potential release and use by growers.

The peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) generally is considered promiscuous since it forms symbioses with a diverse group of Bradyrhizobium. However, specific cultivar-strain combinations like Robut 33–1 and strain NC92 have resulted in significant yield increases, suggesting that host-strain combinations may be selected for superior nitrogen fixation and yield. The objectives of this study were to measure nitrogen fixation-related traits during the growing season and evaluate the interactions between host peanut genotypes and Bradyrhizobium strains under field conditions in North Carolina. A factorial experiment with four cultivars and five inoculants was conducted in two years at two locations (Clayton and Lewiston) in North Carolina. Traits measured during the growing season were nodule number and weight, root weight (1983 only), shoot weight, pod weight, nitrogenase activity and specific nitrogenase activity. In 1984, fruit yield was measured at harvest. Results indicated that cultivars and strains were different for most traits in 1983 at Clayton but significant host-strain interactions occurred only for nodule weight at 60 days after planting (DAP) and root weight at 132 DAP. In 1984, Clayton results indicated cultivar-strain interactions for all traits at 73 DAP and for several traits at 109 DAP. At Lewiston only cultivar differences were important. The Clayton fields had low populations of native Bradyrhizobium while Lewiston had a high level of the bacteria. Inoculation produced substantial yield increases at Clayton but not at Lewiston. Robut 33–1 inoculated with strain NC92 did not yield more than with other strains. Further study is needed to explain why repeated increases in yield were obtained with Robut 33–1/NC92 in tropical studies but not in North Carolina. The possibility still exists that superior cultivar-strain combinations can be identified.

Recurrent selection provides an established methodology for host improvement which should be applicable to increasing N 2 fixation. This study was conducted to evaluate response to three cycles of phenotypic selection for fresh plant weight, nodule number and dry weight, and acetylene reduction when individual peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were evaluated in the greenhouse using a mixture of four Bradyrhizobium strains as inoculum. The F 2 generation derived from a single cross, Florigiant x CES 101, constituted the base population. In each of three cycles the 20 superior individuals were selected and randomly intermated to generate the subsequent cycle for selection. The 20 selections from each cycle were bulked and evaluated with the original parents in two greenhouse trials to evaluate response to selection. No variability for fresh plant weight, nodule number or dry weight, or acetylene reduction was detected among cycles. Realized heritability estimates were 0.01 ± 0.02, 0.05 ± 0.03, −0.06 ± 0.06, and 0.31 ± 0.32 for fresh plant weight, nodule number, nodule dry weight, and acetylene reduction, respectively. Agronomic traits of the same entries were evaluated in one field study. No variability for these traits was detected among cycles. Insufficient control of environmental variation was suggested as a possible cause of lack of response to selection.

Twenty peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) populations in F 2 generation from an M x N mating design involving five late leafspot ( Cercosporidium personatum) -resistant female parents and four adapted male parents were evaluated for late leafspot resistance with a detached leaf culture technique. Agronomic traits were evaluated in the field. Objectives were 1) to identify the best parent for agronomic traits and the best source of resistance to late leafspot, 2) determine the correlations among components of resistance, 3) determine the correlations of resistance and agronomic traits, and 4) estimate heritability of late leafspot resistance. General combining ability was highly significant for agronomic traits and for most measurements of late leafspot resistance. Specific combining ability was significant for pod length and seed size. Of the male parents, NC 6 and NC 7 produced the best progenies for both agronomic traits and late leafspot resistance. Components of resistance to late leafspot among resistant female parents were not significantly different. NC 17090 produced the best progenies for pod yield and seed yield. NC 17135 produced progenies with good agronomic traits. Correlations among components of resistance to late leafspot indicated that lines with increased latent period, decreased lesion number, lesion size and defoliation, and reduced spore production can be selected. However, high yielding plants tended to be susceptible to late leafspot. Broadsense heritability for components of resistance was low to moderate (0.13–0.68). Narrow-sense heritability for parameters of resistance was consistently low (0.0–0.128). Selection for late leafspot resistance in the F 2 populations was not effective.

A comprehensive breeding procedure for peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) consisting of three stages — till development of a genetically broad-based virginia-type population, recurrent selection without extensive crossing for continued population improvement, and isolation of pure lines from high yielding families at each cycle of selection was initiated in 1974. Forty S 1 families in S 3 generation were selected from each cycle of selection. Only five families from cycle 0 outyielded the check cultivar. Florigiant, whereas yield of all selected families from the next two cycles exceeded the yield of Florigiant. Pure lines isolated from high yielding cycle 0 families have yielded more than Florigiant in advanced yield trials. Use of this procedure provides a systematic approach in developing higher yielding peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base.

Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F 2 -derived families from a cross between the Virginia ( Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea ) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F 2 -derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F 5 and F 6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N 2 -fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N 2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N 2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

Four parental lines with resistance to early leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and four parental lines with resistance to late leafspot caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton and the F 1 hybrid progeny from crosses between the two groups of parents were evaluated for resistance to both leafspot diseases in the greenhouse using a detached leaf technique. The subsequent F 2 plants of all crosses were evaluated in the field for resistance to early leafspot in order to estimate combining ability effects for components of partial resistance and to identify parents useful in developing lines resistant to both diseases. General combining ability, attributed largely to additive genetic variance, accounted for the largest portion of the variability among the F 1 and F 2 generations for most parameters of resistance to both early and late leafspots. Reciprocal effects and heterosis toward the susceptible parents were also significant for parameters of resistance to the two pathogens. GP-NC 343 and FESR 5-P2-B1 were the best parents for incorporating genes for resistance to both early and late leafspots. Progenies of NC 17090 had a high level of resistance to late leafspot in detached leaf tests and progeny of PI 350680 had reduced defoliation from early leafspot in the field. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 for parameters of resistance to early leafspot estimated from the pooled variances of F 2 plants of all crosses planted in the field. Parameters of resistance evaluated in the greenhouse for F 1 hybrids were compared to parameters evaluated in the field for the F 2 population by rank correlation of entry means. Latent period and sporulation of the fungus on detached leaves of F 1 generation plants correlated (r = −0.46 and 0.54, respectively) with defoliation of F 2 plants in the field.

Methods of broadening the genetic base of the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) generally involve crosses of exotic germplasm with locally adapted cultivars. Broadening the genetic base effectively requires the evaluation of a large number of crosses and lines within crosses. Mass selection within a cross in early generation, as opposed to single seed descent or bulk breeding methods, eliminates many undesirable segregates from crosses of exotic with adapted germplasm. In this study five plant introductions, representing different levels of diversity, were crossed with an adapted Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea ) breeding line. Twelve high and 12 low yielding plants in the F 2 generation of each cross were selected with a high and low selection being made from among 10 plants grown in sixteen 12-plant rows. The selected material was increased and evaluated in F 4 generation yield trials at two locations. Stratified mass selection for higher seed yield was effective for both intersubspecific crosses but was only effective for one of the three intrasubspecific crosses. Confounding effects of meat content with seed yield and the small number of F 2 plants evaluated may be partially responsible for the lack of effective selection for two of the intrasubspecific crosses. Selection for higher seed yield separated the F 2 plants into two groups for meat content with the selections for high seed yield having higher meat content. However, the high and low selections, when evaluated in the F 4 generation, were not different for meat content except for one intrasubspecific cross.

Fifty-six F 7 peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) lines previously selected for resistance to early leafspot ( Cercospora arachidicola Hori) were evaluated in the field and greenhouse for resistance to late leafspot [ Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton]. After growing in field plots for 12 weeks, differences for numbers of lesions per 15 leaves were found among the lines and between these lines and NC 3033, the susceptible control. Eleven lines with the fewest numbers of lesions and their parents were screened in the greenhouse for components of resistance. These lines had lesions that were significantly smaller, produced lesions with longer latent periods, and produced fewer conidia than NC 3033. Latent periods ranged from 23 to 26 days for the selections compared to 20 days for NC 3033. GP-NC 343 and NC 5 were the most resistant parents with latent periods of 24 days each. A rank correlation of greenhouse and field data revealed that the rank of an entry in the greenhouse for latent period, lesion area and amount of sporulation was correlated with the rank of the entry in the field. Thus, these variables could be used as measurements of resistance to predict the performance of a line in the field for this population. Lines with resistance to late leafspot can be selected from a population of lines with this parentage which have been selected for resistance to early leafspot.

The corn earworm ( Heliothis zea Boddie) commonly causes damage to peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina. Resistance to the corn earworm has been identified in peanut and correlated with resistances to tobacco thrips ( Frankliniella fusca Hinds), potato leafhopper ( Empoasca fabae Harris), and the southern corn rootworm ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber). Development of corn earworm-resistant cultivars which might also assist in managing several insect pests could be aided by an understanding of the nature and inheritance of corn earworm resistance. This study was conducted to develop a laboratory procedure to screen for corn earworm resistance, to determine the relationship between laboratory and field measurements of resistance, to determine the chemical basis of resistance, and to determine the inheritance of resistance. Neither the laboratory measurement of larval growth after feeding of fresh leaf tissue nor after feeding on a synthetic diet containing ground freeze-dried leaf tissue consistently separated resistant and susceptible germplasms. Because of the inconsistency in laboratory tests, the relationship between lab and field results was inconsistent. Since these procedures did not always distinguish resistant and susceptible genotypes, these techniques cannot be used in lieu of field screening. However, these studies do suggest that antibiosis is a major component of corn earworm resistance. Chemical analyses indicate that a flavone glycoside is probably responsible for the antibiotic response. Neither field nor laboratory evaluations of progencies from the cross of NC 6 (resistant) and Florigiant line C (susceptible) could be used to separate plants into resistant and susceptible classes. Antibiosis did appear to be a dominant trait for this cross.

Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were evaluated in field microplots infested with Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loose) Bell and Sobers. In experiment I there were three genotypes, two inoculum densities, and two levels (0, 100 kg/ha) of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. A non-nodulating peanut genotype was less susceptible to C. crotalariae than either of its nodulating parents. Application of N to the nodulating parents decreased disease severity if inoculum density was low. Application of N to the non-nodulating line increased disease severity compared to disease in unfertilized plots of the non-nodulating line. Experiment II evaluated effects of cultivar (susceptible Florigiant, resistant NC 8C), two inoculum denities, N fertilizer [0, 100 kg/ha), and high carbon:nitrogen organic matter amendment (0, 400 kg/ha). Root rot severity was reduced if the cultivar was resistant, if inoculum density was low, and if N was applied. Soil amendment did not affect disease severity. In experiment III, planting date effects on disease severity were evaluated on resistant NC 8C and resistant NC 18016. Planting on May 2, when minimum soil temperature was below 18 C, resulted in more severe disease than planting on May 17, or May 30, 1983 when minimum soil temperature was above 18 C. Benefits of combining management tactics of resistance, preventing high inoculum densities, N management, and proper planting date are discussed.

The effect of varying levels of leaf defoliation on the nodulation and nitrogen fixation of a Virginia and a spanish-type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar was investigated in the greenhouse. Five leaf defoliation treatments - (a) control (no leaflet removal), (b) 25%, (c) 50%, (d) 75%, and (e) 100% - were carried out every 3 to 5 days throughout the growing period. All nitrogen fixation measurements were affected by the defoliation (leaflet removal) treatments. Increased leaf defoliation reduced nodule formation and N 2 fixation. The reduction in plant dry weight, nodule number, nodule dry weight, and nitrogenase activity was most severe for the 100% defoliation treatment. Correlation coefficients (r) of N 2 fixation measurements and leaf areas and weights were highly significant. The defoliation effect was similar in both experiments and cultivars; however, the Virginia type achieved higher values for all N 2 fixation measurements.

The potential for the development of large-seeded, highyielding virginia-type peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) with resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) and three insects was examined. Forty randomly selected F 2 families in F 5 generation from a cross of the CBR-resistant germplasm NC 3033 and the cultivar NC 6 were evaluated for yield, fruit traits, and resistance to CBR, thrips ( Frankliniella fusca Hinds), corn earworm ( Heliothis zea Bodie) and potato leafhopper ( Empoasca fabae Harris). Significant differences were found among families for all traits measured except corn earworm damage and number of seed. Transgressive segregation was observed for six of the nine traits measured. Heritabilities were high for pod length, pod weight, and seed weight; moderate for pod yield, CBR resistance, thrips and potato leafhopper damage and low for corn earworm damage. Large negative genotypic correlations were found between CBR resistance (percent dead and diseased plants) and traits indicative of insect resistance. Genotypic correlations between percent dead and diseased plants and yield and fruit traits were large and positive. Based on the predicted response in the other unselected traits when selection is for one trait, selection for increased CBR resistance should result in lines with decreased insect resistance, pod size and weight, seed weight, and yield. These data suggest that unfavorable linkages or pleiotropy among these traits may exist that would prevent selection of desirable genotypes from this cross.