Thrombomodulin as a Marker of Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury

Cultured confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells were irradiated in vitro with⁶⁰ Co γ rays at doses from 0 to 50 Gy. After irradiation thrombomodulin was measured at different times over 6 days in the supernatants of endothelial cell culture medium, on the surface of the cells, and within the cells. At 24 h after irradiation, an increase in the release of thrombomodulin from irradiated endothelial cells and an increase in the number of molecules and the activity of thrombomodulin on the surface of the cells were observed; these reactions were dependent on radiation dose. The capacity of the cells to produce and release thrombomodulin was decreased from 2 to 6 days after exposure to⁶⁰ Co γ rays. Our data indicate that radiation can injure endothelial cells, and that thrombomodulin may be used as a marker of radiation-induced injury in endothelial cells. The interrelationship between the dysfunction of irradiated endothelial cells and the pathological mechanisms of acute radiation disease is also discussed.