There is a serious need to develop effective mitigators against accidental radiation exposures. In radiation accidents, many people may receive nonuniform whole-body or partial-body irradiation. The lung is one of the more radiosensitive organs, demonstrating pneumonitis and fibrosis that are believed to develop at least partially because of radiation-induced chronic inflammation. Here we addressed the crucial questions of how damage to the lung can be mitigated and whether the response is affected by irradiation to the rest of the body. We examined the widely used dietary supplement genistein given at two dietary levels (750 or 3750 mg/kg) to Fischer rats irradiated with 12 Gy to the lung or 8 Gy to the lung + 4 Gy to the whole body excluding the head and tail (whole torso). We found that genistein had promising mitigating effects on oxidative damage, pneumonitis and fibrosis even at late times (36 weeks) when drug treatment was initiated 1 week after irradiation and stopped at 28 weeks postirradiation. The higher dose of genistein showed no greater beneficial effect. Combined lung and whole-torso irradiation caused more lung-related severe morbidity resulting in euthanasia of the animals than lung irradiation alone.
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1 December 2011
Research Article|
October 20 2011
Mitigation of Lung Injury after Accidental Exposure to Radiation
J. Mahmood
;
J. Mahmood
aOntario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, and the Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bFaculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
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S. Jelveh
;
S. Jelveh
cRadiation Medicine Program and STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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V. Calveley
;
V. Calveley
aOntario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, and the Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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A. Zaidi
;
A. Zaidi
aOntario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, and the Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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S. R. Doctrow
;
S. R. Doctrow
dPulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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R. P. Hill
R. P. Hill
1
aOntario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, and the Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
eDepartments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1Address for correspondence: Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: hill@uhnres.utoronto.ca.
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Radiat Res (2011) 176 (6): 770–780.
Article history
Received:
January 07 2011
Accepted:
September 26 2011
Citation
J. Mahmood, S. Jelveh, V. Calveley, A. Zaidi, S. R. Doctrow, R. P. Hill; Mitigation of Lung Injury after Accidental Exposure to Radiation. Radiat Res 1 December 2011; 176 (6): 770–780. doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RR2562.1
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