Dosimetric measurement error is known to potentially bias the magnitude of the dose response, and can also affect the shape of dose response. In this report, generalized relative and absolute rate models are fitted to the latest Japanese atomic bomb survivor solid cancer, leukemia and circulatory disease mortality data (followed from 1950 through 2003), with the latest (DS02R1) dosimetry, using Bayesian techniques to adjust for errors in dose estimates and assessing other model uncertainties. Linear-quadratic models are fitted and used to assess lifetime mortality risks for contemporary UK, USA, French, Russian, Japanese and Chinese populations. For a test dose of 0.1 Gy absorbed dose weighted by neutron relative biological effectiveness, solid cancer, leukemia and circulatory disease mortality risks for a UK population using a generalized linear-quadratic relative rate model were estimated to be 3.88% Gy–1 [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 1.17, 6.97], 0.35% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –0.03, 0.78) and 2.24% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –0.17, 13.76), respectively. Using a generalized absolute rate linear-quadratic model at 0.1 Gy, the lifetime risks for these three end points were estimated to be 3.56% Gy–1 (95% BCI: 0.54, 6.78), 0.41% Gy–1 (95% BCI: 0.01, 0.86) and 1.56% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –1.10, 7.21), respectively. There was substantial evidence of curvature for solid cancer (in particular, the group of solid cancers excluding lung, breast and stomach cancers) and leukemia, so that for solid cancer and leukemia, estimates of excess risk per unit dose were nearly doubled by increasing the dose from 0.01 to 1.0 Gy, with most of the increase occurring in the interval from 0.1 to 1.0 Gy. For circulatory disease, the dose-response curvature was inverse, so that risk per unit dose was nearly halved by going from 0.01 t o 1.0 Gy weighted absorbed dose, although there were substantial uncertainties. In general, there were higher radiation risks for females compared to males. This was true for solid cancer and circulatory disease overall, as well as for lung, breast, stomach and the group of other solid cancers, and was the case whether relative or absolute rate projection models were employed; however, for leukemia this pattern was reversed. Risk estimates varied somewhat between populations, with lower cancer risks in aggregate for China and Russia, but higher circulatory disease risks for Russia, particularly using the relative rate model. There was more pronounced variation for certain cancer sites and certain types of projection models, so that breast cancer risk was markedly lower in China and Japan using a relative rate model, but the opposite was the case for stomach cancer. There was less variation between countries using the absolute rate models for stomach cancer and breast cancer, but this was not the case for lung cancer and the group of other solid cancers, or for circulatory disease.
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September 2020
Regular Article|
July 21 2020
Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error
Mark P. Little;
Mark P. Little
1
a Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778
1 Address for correspondence: Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778; email: [email protected].
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David Pawel;
David Pawel
b Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20004
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Munechika Misumi;
Munechika Misumi
Departments of c Statistics
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Nobuyuki Hamada;
Nobuyuki Hamada
e Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Harry M. Cullings;
Harry M. Cullings
Departments of c Statistics
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Richard Wakeford;
Richard Wakeford
f Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Kotaro Ozasa
Kotaro Ozasa
d Departments of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
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Radiat Res (2020) 194 (3): 259–276.
Article history
Received:
November 19 2019
Accepted:
May 24 2020
Citation
Mark P. Little, David Pawel, Munechika Misumi, Nobuyuki Hamada, Harry M. Cullings, Richard Wakeford, Kotaro Ozasa; Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error. Radiat Res 1 September 2020; 194 (3): 259–276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RR15571.1
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