The radiosensitization characteristics of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been investigated in a single cell irradiated with monoenergetic beams of protons of various energies using TOPAS-nBio, an advanced toolkit of TOPAS. Both direct and indirect effects against single-strand breaks (SSBs) are investigated and their double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been calculated. A single spherical cell interaction with a detailed DNA structure has been modeled and simulated under different conditions such as particle sizes and concentrations of GNPs, their biodistributions and associated proton energies. The physical interaction among protons, suspension water and GNPs has been simulated using a dual physics approach, while the interaction between water radiolysis and OH radicals was considered in the chemical process to save computational time. The present simulations involve irradiating the cell geometry with a dose of 1 Gy. The range of DSBs (Gy−1 Gbp−1) obtained was 2.1 ± 0.09 to 21.74 ± 0.4 for all GNPs of sizes 6–50 nm the proton energies in the range of 5–50 MeV. Regardless of proton energy and GNP size, the calculations showed that the contribution of indirect and hybrid DSBs remains higher in all simulation types than that of direct DSBs. New simulation outcomes of the indirect DSBs illustrate a percentage increase, while we cannot get an increase in the direct and hybrid DSBs in most cases when compared with no GNPs cases. The indirect DSBs provide the highest enhancement factor of 1.89 at 30 nm GNPs in size for 30 MeV protons energy, and the direct and hybrid DSBs indicate a slight increase in enhancement. The work indicates that the use of GNPs increased indirect DNA DSBs, while hybrid DSBs show only a slight increase in enhancement, and no enhancement is shown in direct DNA DSBs. It is significant to consider other mechanisms such as DNA damage repair when investigating DNA damage.
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November 2024
REGULAR ARTICLES|
November 08 2024
Direct and Indirect Effects for Radiosensitization of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy
Sobia Zareen;
Sobia Zareen
aModeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Sajid Bashir;
Sajid Bashir
bDepartment of Medical Physics, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM) Cancer Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Aamir Shahzad;
Aamir Shahzad
1
cModeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
1Correspondence to: Dr. Aamir Shahzad, (Associate Professor), PhD and PostDoc, Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; emails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Dr. Guogang Ren, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; email: [email protected].
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Muhammad Kashif;
Muhammad Kashif
dDepartment of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Guogang Ren
Guogang Ren
1
eSchool of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
1Correspondence to: Dr. Aamir Shahzad, (Associate Professor), PhD and PostDoc, Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; emails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Dr. Guogang Ren, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; email: [email protected].
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Radiat Res (2024) 202 (5): 795–806.
Article history
Received:
September 29 2023
Accepted:
October 04 2024
Citation
Sobia Zareen, Sajid Bashir, Aamir Shahzad, Muhammad Kashif, Guogang Ren; Direct and Indirect Effects for Radiosensitization of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy. Radiat Res 1 November 2024; 202 (5): 795–806. doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-23-00199.1
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