Increased catalase activity in the gamma-irradiated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is shown to be associated with an active turnover of RNA. The rapidly labeling fraction of RNA from the irradiated cells has been separated after pulse-labeling with32 P by a column chromatographic procedure. Appearance of this RNA component was also observed during catalase synthesis induced by aeration and H2 O2 addition. Such a relationship was not obtained for cytochrome oxidase, which was induced only by aeration but not by other treatments. Variation in the responses of these two enzymes to gamma irradiation has been discussed.

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