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The NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 provides for the listing on schedules of threatened species, populations, ecological communities and of key threatening processes. The definitions of these concepts are discussed. The implicit component parts of the definition of species are analysed and differences between legal and science based approaches are discussed. Issues arising from application of the concept of endangered ecological community are discussed in the light of the interpretations provided by the Court of Appeal. Listing is a means to an end, and not an end in itself. The importance of listing to the promotion of the development of conservation measures for threatened species is discussed. The potential for the implementation of Threat Abatement Plans to play a major role in biodiversity conservation is stressed.

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