With their introduction into Australia beginning in the early nineteenth century deer have joined a long list of introduced species, many of which have become significant pests. Unlike rabbits, feral pigs, foxes and others, deer have not been considered to have had significant adverse environmental or socio-economic impacts in Australia until quite recently. There are long-standing wild populations in several states that have been managed for many years as a valuable resource for hunting rather than as a pest. In very recent times a perception has developed that wild deer numbers are increasing in Australia, with a wider distribution. The basis for these concerns will be examined, with a review of wild deer management in Australia.