The management and conservation of birds in eucalypt forests managed for timber production has emphasized the retention of trees with hollows (habitat trees) and the reservation of old-growth forest in reserves and corridors for species requiring mature forest or hollows for nesting. Although these measures are important, they may not provide the full range of resources required by the eucalypt forest avifauna. In addition to using tree hollows as nest sites, forest birds have specific requirements for nesting materials (e.g., spider web, lichen), for nest sites other than tree hollows, for foraging sites, and for kinds of prey. Nest and foraging sites, nesting materials and prey may be associated with mature or overmature trees, but not exclusively with habitat trees. Ensuring that these resources are available requires modification of existing wildlife management programmes and needs to begin with the recognition by forest managers that forest ecosystems are complex and each species has different requirements. A priority is the identification of an agreed set of goals and objectives for the conservation and management of forest wildlife by conservationists, forest managers and wildlife biologists.