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Roost trees at three Pteropus conspicillatus camps in the Australian Wet Tropics were monitored for the presence and absence of individuals over a four month period. The number of individual P. conspicillatus in roost trees varied on a variety of time scales, with seasonal changes in abundance overlain on highly variable day-to-day patterns of roost use. Although the presence of individual, high site fidelity behaviour could not be precluded, the high turnover of flying-fox numbers on a within-tree basis precludes the presence of highly stable social groups, over the duration of this study at least. Further clarification of the extent of roost fidelity within camps is likely to be a significant component for the conservation and management of flying-foxes.

Eby, P. 1991. Seasonal movements of Grey-headed flying foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), from two maternity camps in Northern New South Wales. Wildlife Research 18547 -559.
Fox, S. 2006. PhD Thesis. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University.
Garnett, S., Whybird, O., and Spencer, H. 1999. The conservation status of the spectacled flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus in Australia. Australian Zoologist 31: 38-54.
Hodgkison, R. and Balding, S.T. 2003. Fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as seed dispersers and pollinators in a lowland Malaysian rainforest. Biotropica 35: 491-502.
Hutson, A.M., Mickleburgh, S. and Racey, P.A. 2001. ‘Microchiropteran Bats: Global Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan’. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland.
Lewis, S.E. 1995. Roost fidelity of bats: a review. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 481-496.
Markus, N. and Hall, L. 2004. Foraging behaviour of the black flying-fox ( Pteropus alecto) in the urban landscape of Brisbane, Queensland. Wildlife Research 31: 345-355.
Mickleburgh, S., Racey, P.A., and Hutson, A.M. 1992. ‘Old World Fruit Bat Action Plan’. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland.
Nelson, J.E. 1965. Movements of Australian flying foxes (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 13: 53-73.
Parris, K.M., and Hazell, D.L. 2005. Biotic effects of climate change in urban environments: The case of the grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus) in Melbourne, Australia. Biological Conservation 124: 267-276.
Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. 1991. Food selection by grey-headed flying foxes ( Pteropus poliocephalus) occupying a summer colony site near Gosford, New South Wales. Wildlife Research 18: 111-124.
Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. 2001. Factors affecting the occupation of a colony site in Sydney, New South Wales by the grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus(Pteropodidae). Austral Ecology 26: 47-55.
Parsons, J.G., Cairns, A., Johnson, C.N., Robson, S.K.A., Shilton, L.A. and Westcott, D.A. 2006. Dietary variation in spectacled flying-foxes ( Pteropus conspicillatus) of the Australian Wet Tropics. Australian Journal of Zoology 54: 417-428.
Parsons, J.G., Cairns, A., Johnson, C.N., Robson, S.K.A., Shilton, L.A. and Westcott, D.A. 2007. Bryophyte dispersal by flying foxes: a novel discovery. Oecologia 152: 112-114.
Ratcliffe, F.N. 1931. Notes on the fruit bats of Australia. Journal of Animal Ecology 1: 32-57.
Shilton, L.A., Altringham, J.D., Compton, S.G. and Whittaker, R.J. 1999. Old world fruit bats can be long-distance seed dispersers through extended retention of viable seeds in the gut. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 266: 219-223.
Shilton, L.A., Latch, P.J., McKeown, A., Pert, P. and Westcott, D.A. 2008. Landscape scale redistribution of a highly mobile threatened species, Pteropus conspicillatus(Chiroptera, Pteropodidae), in response to Tropical Cyclone Larry. Austral Ecology 33: 549-561.
Sinclair, E.A., Webb, N.J., Marchant, A.D. and Tidemann, C.R. 1996. Genetic variation in the little red flying fox Pteropus scapulatus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): implications for management. Biological Conservation 76: 45-50.
Spencer, H.J., Palmer, C. and Parry-Jones, K. 1991. Movements of fruit-bats in eastern Australia, determined by using radio-tracking. Wildlife Research 18: 463-468.
Tidemann, C.R. and Nelson, J.E. 2004. Long-distance movements of the grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus). Journal of Zoology 263: 141-146.
Tidemann, C.R., Vardon, M.J., Loughland, R.A. and Brocklehurst, P.J. 1999. Dry season camps of flying foxes ( Pteropus spp.) in Kakadu World Heritage Area, north Australia. Journal of Zoology, London. 247: 155-163.
Tschapka, M. 2004. Energy density patterns of nectar resources permit coexistence within a guild of Neotropical flower-visiting bats. Journal of Zoology London 263, 7-21.
Vardon, M.J., Brocklehurst, P.S., Woinarski, J.C.Z., Cunningham, R.B., Donnelly, C.F. and Tidemann, C.R. 2001. Seasonal habitat use by flying-foxes, Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus(Megachiroptera), in monsoonal Australia. Journal of Zoology 253: 523-535.
Vardon, M.J. and Tidemann, C.R. 1999. Flying-foxes ( Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus) in the Darwin region, North Australia: patterns in camp size and structure. Australian Journal of Zoology 47: 411-423.
Wilkinson, G.S. 1992. Information transfer at evening bat colonies. Animal Behaviour 44: 501-518.
Wilkinson, G.S. and Boughman, J.W. 1998. Social calls coordinate foraging in greater spear-nosed bats. Animal Behaviour 55: 337-350.
Williams, G. and Adam, P. 1994. A review of rainforest pollination and plant-pollinator interactions with particular reference to Australian subtropical rainforests. Australian Zoologist 29: 177-212.
Williams, S.G., McDonnell, M.J., Phelan, G.K., Keim, L.D., and van der Ree, R. 2006. Range expansion due to urbanization: Increased food resources attract Grey-headed flying-foxes ( Pteropus poliocephalus) to Melbourne. Austral Ecology 31: 190-198.
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References

Eby, P. 1991. Seasonal movements of Grey-headed flying foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), from two maternity camps in Northern New South Wales. Wildlife Research 18547 -559.
Fox, S. 2006. PhD Thesis. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University.
Garnett, S., Whybird, O., and Spencer, H. 1999. The conservation status of the spectacled flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus in Australia. Australian Zoologist 31: 38-54.
Hodgkison, R. and Balding, S.T. 2003. Fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as seed dispersers and pollinators in a lowland Malaysian rainforest. Biotropica 35: 491-502.
Hutson, A.M., Mickleburgh, S. and Racey, P.A. 2001. ‘Microchiropteran Bats: Global Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan’. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland.
Lewis, S.E. 1995. Roost fidelity of bats: a review. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 481-496.
Markus, N. and Hall, L. 2004. Foraging behaviour of the black flying-fox ( Pteropus alecto) in the urban landscape of Brisbane, Queensland. Wildlife Research 31: 345-355.
Mickleburgh, S., Racey, P.A., and Hutson, A.M. 1992. ‘Old World Fruit Bat Action Plan’. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland.
Nelson, J.E. 1965. Movements of Australian flying foxes (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 13: 53-73.
Parris, K.M., and Hazell, D.L. 2005. Biotic effects of climate change in urban environments: The case of the grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus) in Melbourne, Australia. Biological Conservation 124: 267-276.
Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. 1991. Food selection by grey-headed flying foxes ( Pteropus poliocephalus) occupying a summer colony site near Gosford, New South Wales. Wildlife Research 18: 111-124.
Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. 2001. Factors affecting the occupation of a colony site in Sydney, New South Wales by the grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus(Pteropodidae). Austral Ecology 26: 47-55.
Parsons, J.G., Cairns, A., Johnson, C.N., Robson, S.K.A., Shilton, L.A. and Westcott, D.A. 2006. Dietary variation in spectacled flying-foxes ( Pteropus conspicillatus) of the Australian Wet Tropics. Australian Journal of Zoology 54: 417-428.
Parsons, J.G., Cairns, A., Johnson, C.N., Robson, S.K.A., Shilton, L.A. and Westcott, D.A. 2007. Bryophyte dispersal by flying foxes: a novel discovery. Oecologia 152: 112-114.
Ratcliffe, F.N. 1931. Notes on the fruit bats of Australia. Journal of Animal Ecology 1: 32-57.
Shilton, L.A., Altringham, J.D., Compton, S.G. and Whittaker, R.J. 1999. Old world fruit bats can be long-distance seed dispersers through extended retention of viable seeds in the gut. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 266: 219-223.
Shilton, L.A., Latch, P.J., McKeown, A., Pert, P. and Westcott, D.A. 2008. Landscape scale redistribution of a highly mobile threatened species, Pteropus conspicillatus(Chiroptera, Pteropodidae), in response to Tropical Cyclone Larry. Austral Ecology 33: 549-561.
Sinclair, E.A., Webb, N.J., Marchant, A.D. and Tidemann, C.R. 1996. Genetic variation in the little red flying fox Pteropus scapulatus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): implications for management. Biological Conservation 76: 45-50.
Spencer, H.J., Palmer, C. and Parry-Jones, K. 1991. Movements of fruit-bats in eastern Australia, determined by using radio-tracking. Wildlife Research 18: 463-468.
Tidemann, C.R. and Nelson, J.E. 2004. Long-distance movements of the grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus). Journal of Zoology 263: 141-146.
Tidemann, C.R., Vardon, M.J., Loughland, R.A. and Brocklehurst, P.J. 1999. Dry season camps of flying foxes ( Pteropus spp.) in Kakadu World Heritage Area, north Australia. Journal of Zoology, London. 247: 155-163.
Tschapka, M. 2004. Energy density patterns of nectar resources permit coexistence within a guild of Neotropical flower-visiting bats. Journal of Zoology London 263, 7-21.
Vardon, M.J., Brocklehurst, P.S., Woinarski, J.C.Z., Cunningham, R.B., Donnelly, C.F. and Tidemann, C.R. 2001. Seasonal habitat use by flying-foxes, Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus(Megachiroptera), in monsoonal Australia. Journal of Zoology 253: 523-535.
Vardon, M.J. and Tidemann, C.R. 1999. Flying-foxes ( Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus) in the Darwin region, North Australia: patterns in camp size and structure. Australian Journal of Zoology 47: 411-423.
Wilkinson, G.S. 1992. Information transfer at evening bat colonies. Animal Behaviour 44: 501-518.
Wilkinson, G.S. and Boughman, J.W. 1998. Social calls coordinate foraging in greater spear-nosed bats. Animal Behaviour 55: 337-350.
Williams, G. and Adam, P. 1994. A review of rainforest pollination and plant-pollinator interactions with particular reference to Australian subtropical rainforests. Australian Zoologist 29: 177-212.
Williams, S.G., McDonnell, M.J., Phelan, G.K., Keim, L.D., and van der Ree, R. 2006. Range expansion due to urbanization: Increased food resources attract Grey-headed flying-foxes ( Pteropus poliocephalus) to Melbourne. Austral Ecology 31: 190-198.
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