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Characterization of the whole population based on sample groups will always have a representation error, which will change with growth of the sample group size. At a certain point it will be negligible and with further sampling beyond that point the error remains practically unchanged. A graphical method is proposed to identify that point, determining minimum size of the bat sample group needed to provide reliable parasite indices. Calculations with various numbers of microbat hosts and subsequent visual inspection have shown that to obtain a reliable Abundance Index of bat fleas (Siphonaptera, Ischnopsyllidae) or bat flies (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) in winter-spring season only 35-40 bats should be examined. In summer, with many young animals in populations, the number of examinations should be increased up to 50-55. Similar results are obtained for the Infestation Index. Examination of only the necessary number of hosts allows disturbance and stress levels to be minimised, as well as time and amount of field work, without negative impact on the data reliability. This is especially important while dealing with rare and endangered species.

Corbet, G.B. 1978 The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a Taxonomic Review. London and Ithaca, British Museum (Natural History).
Hutson, A.M., Micklenburgh, S.P., Racey, P. 2001 Microchiropteran bats: global status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
McCraken, G.F. 1988. Who's endangered and what can we do? Bats 6(3): 5-9.
Nolan, V.P. 2003. Management initiatives for the sustainability of bat populations. http://users.erols.com/nolan/vivian/bats. Accessed 23 February 2004.
O'Donnell, C.F.J. 2000. Conservation status and causes of decline of the threatened New Zealand long-tailed bat Chalinolobus tuberculatus( Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammal Review 30: 89-1-6.
Polkanov, A. and Sheikin, A. 1999. Determination of minimal number of hosts to be collected for calculation of parasitological indices. Proceedings of the Kazakh Plague Control Research Institute 1: 118-121.
Schwan, T. 1984. Sequential sampling to determine the minimum number of host examinations required to provide a reliable flea ( Siphonaptera) index. J. Med. Entomol. 21(6): 670-674.
Stebbings R. 1988 The conservation of European bats. Christopher Helm, London, UK.
Tudge, C. 1994. Going bats over conservation. New Scientist 141(1916): 27-31.
Shaimardanov R.T. and Butovskyi P.M. 1981. On the conservation of bats in Kazakhstan. Biological aspects of conservation of rare animals. 1981: 115-116. [In Russian]
Strelkov P.P. 1983. Analysis of distribution of bats ( Chiroptera) in Kazakhstan. Fauna, systematic and biology of mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Acad. Sci. USSR 119: 139-150. [In Russian]
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References

Corbet, G.B. 1978 The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a Taxonomic Review. London and Ithaca, British Museum (Natural History).
Hutson, A.M., Micklenburgh, S.P., Racey, P. 2001 Microchiropteran bats: global status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
McCraken, G.F. 1988. Who's endangered and what can we do? Bats 6(3): 5-9.
Nolan, V.P. 2003. Management initiatives for the sustainability of bat populations. http://users.erols.com/nolan/vivian/bats. Accessed 23 February 2004.
O'Donnell, C.F.J. 2000. Conservation status and causes of decline of the threatened New Zealand long-tailed bat Chalinolobus tuberculatus( Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammal Review 30: 89-1-6.
Polkanov, A. and Sheikin, A. 1999. Determination of minimal number of hosts to be collected for calculation of parasitological indices. Proceedings of the Kazakh Plague Control Research Institute 1: 118-121.
Schwan, T. 1984. Sequential sampling to determine the minimum number of host examinations required to provide a reliable flea ( Siphonaptera) index. J. Med. Entomol. 21(6): 670-674.
Stebbings R. 1988 The conservation of European bats. Christopher Helm, London, UK.
Tudge, C. 1994. Going bats over conservation. New Scientist 141(1916): 27-31.
Shaimardanov R.T. and Butovskyi P.M. 1981. On the conservation of bats in Kazakhstan. Biological aspects of conservation of rare animals. 1981: 115-116. [In Russian]
Strelkov P.P. 1983. Analysis of distribution of bats ( Chiroptera) in Kazakhstan. Fauna, systematic and biology of mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Acad. Sci. USSR 119: 139-150. [In Russian]
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