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The 2007 forum on the biology and conservation of Australasian bats provided a snapshot of the issues and state of knowledge at that time, now recorded for posterity in this book. As we went to press in 2011, the ‘International Year of the Bat’ provided an opportunity for bat researchers and managers to publicise some of the pressing conservation issues facing bats. No story exemplifies these more than the recent extinction of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi. In his reflective book on forest pattern and ecological process, ecologist David Lindenmayer emphasised the complementarity between species-oriented and ecosystem-oriented research approaches. This applies to all of Australasia's bat fauna. The conclusion we draw is that basic research on both individual species and the ecosystems in which they dwell is required to underpin management actions, and that this research must be integrated with community education, sound policy and a commitment to act on research and monitoring outcomes.

Beeton, R. J. S. 2010. Arresting the decline, stabilising the residual, and creating the restored: where science meets politics and the law. Theme edition of Australian Zoologist, “Ecology meets Physiology”, a Gordon Grigg festschrift, edited by L. Beard, D. Lunney, H. McCallum and C. Franklin. Australian Zoologist 35: 331-340.
Beeton, B., Burbidge, A., Grigg, G., How, R., McKenzie, N. and Woinarski, J. 2009. Revised Interim Report, Christmas Island Expert Working Group to Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, 28 June 2009.
Beeton, B., Burbidge, A., Grigg, G., Harrison, P., How, R., Humphreys, B., McKenzie, N. and Woinarski, J. 2010. Final Report of the Christmas Island Expert Working Group to the Minister for Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts, 1 April 2010.
Corbett, L., Crome, F. and Richards, G. 2003. Fauna survey of mine lease applications and National Park Reference Areas, Christmas Island, August 2002. Appendix G in Phosphate Resources Limited's Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed Christmas Island Phosphate Mines.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (cited as DSEWPC) 2011 Pipistrellus murrayi in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.
Dondini, G. and Vergari, S. 1995. Rearing and first reproduction of the Savi's pipistrelle Pipistrellus savii at Group of Study and Conservation Chiroptera, Florence. International Zoo Yearbook 34: 143-146.
Eales, L.A., Bullock, D.J. and Slater, P.J.B. 1988. Shared nursing in captive pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus)? Journal of Zoology, London 216: 584-587.
Jackson, S. 2003 Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
James, D. J. 2005. Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi: An interim assessment of conservation status and threats. A report to Parks Australia North, Christmas Island.
James, D. J. and Retallick, K. 2007. Research into the conservation status and threats of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi, 2004-2006. Parks Australia North Christmas Island Biodiversity Monitoring Programme: Report to Department of Finance & Administration and Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra.
Kelly, A., Goodwin, S., Grogan, A. and Mathews, F. 2008. Post-release survival of hand-reared pipistrelle bats ( Pipistrellus spp.). Animal Welfare 17: 375-382.
Kleiman, D. G. 1969. Maternal care, growth rate, and development in the noctule ( Nyctalus noctula), pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus), and serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus) bats. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 187-211.
Lindenmayer, D. 2009 Forest pattern and ecological process: a synthesis of 25 years of research. CSIRO publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Lollar, A. and Schmidt-French, B. 1998 Captive Care and Medical Reference for the Rehabilitation of Insectivorous Bats. Bat World, Mineral Wells, Texas.
Lumsden, L. 2009. The Christmas Island Pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus murrayi) at risk of extinction within six months! (http://batcall.csu.edu.au/abs/ChristmasIsland/PipistrellusmurrayiJan_09.htm, last accessed 3.10.10).
Lumsden, L. and Cherry, K. 1997. Report on a preliminary investigation of the Christmas Island pipistrelle, Pipistrellus murrayi, in June-July 1994, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research. Unpublished report to Parks Australia North, Christmas Island.
Lumsden, L., Silins, J. and Schulz, M. 1999. Population dynamics and ecology of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi on Christmas Island. Report for Parks Australia North - Christmas Island. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Lumsden, L., Schulz, M., Ashton, R. and Middleton, D. 2007. Investigation of threats to the Christmas Island Pipistrelle. A report to the Department of the Environment and Water Resources. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Lumsden, L. and Schulz, M. 2009. Captive breeding and future in-situ management of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi. Unpublished report. Arthur Rylah Institute, Victoria.
Lunney, D. 1989. Priorities for bat conservation. Analysis of the responses to a Questionnaire in July 1989 by the participants of the Eighth International Bat Research Conference. Australian Zoologist 25: 71-8.
Lunney, D., Matthews, A., Stein, J. A. and Lunney, H. W. M. 2003. Australian bat research: the limitations of The Action Plan for Australian Bats in determining the direction of research. Pacific Conservation Biology 8: 255-260.
O'Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 2003. Invasional ‘meltdown’ on an oceanic island. Ecology Letters 6: 812-817.
Pennay, M., Law, B. and Lunney, D. 2011. Review of the distribution and status of the bat fauna of NSW and the ACT. Pp. 226-256 in The biology and conservation of Australasian bats, edited by B. Law, P. Eby, D. Lunney and L. Lumsden. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
Schulz, M. and Lumsden, L. F. 2004. National Recovery Plan for the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
Tidemann, C. 1985. A study of the status, habitat requirements and management of the two species of bats on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Report to Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
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References

Beeton, R. J. S. 2010. Arresting the decline, stabilising the residual, and creating the restored: where science meets politics and the law. Theme edition of Australian Zoologist, “Ecology meets Physiology”, a Gordon Grigg festschrift, edited by L. Beard, D. Lunney, H. McCallum and C. Franklin. Australian Zoologist 35: 331-340.
Beeton, B., Burbidge, A., Grigg, G., How, R., McKenzie, N. and Woinarski, J. 2009. Revised Interim Report, Christmas Island Expert Working Group to Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, 28 June 2009.
Beeton, B., Burbidge, A., Grigg, G., Harrison, P., How, R., Humphreys, B., McKenzie, N. and Woinarski, J. 2010. Final Report of the Christmas Island Expert Working Group to the Minister for Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts, 1 April 2010.
Corbett, L., Crome, F. and Richards, G. 2003. Fauna survey of mine lease applications and National Park Reference Areas, Christmas Island, August 2002. Appendix G in Phosphate Resources Limited's Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed Christmas Island Phosphate Mines.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (cited as DSEWPC) 2011 Pipistrellus murrayi in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.
Dondini, G. and Vergari, S. 1995. Rearing and first reproduction of the Savi's pipistrelle Pipistrellus savii at Group of Study and Conservation Chiroptera, Florence. International Zoo Yearbook 34: 143-146.
Eales, L.A., Bullock, D.J. and Slater, P.J.B. 1988. Shared nursing in captive pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus)? Journal of Zoology, London 216: 584-587.
Jackson, S. 2003 Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
James, D. J. 2005. Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi: An interim assessment of conservation status and threats. A report to Parks Australia North, Christmas Island.
James, D. J. and Retallick, K. 2007. Research into the conservation status and threats of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi, 2004-2006. Parks Australia North Christmas Island Biodiversity Monitoring Programme: Report to Department of Finance & Administration and Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra.
Kelly, A., Goodwin, S., Grogan, A. and Mathews, F. 2008. Post-release survival of hand-reared pipistrelle bats ( Pipistrellus spp.). Animal Welfare 17: 375-382.
Kleiman, D. G. 1969. Maternal care, growth rate, and development in the noctule ( Nyctalus noctula), pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus), and serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus) bats. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 187-211.
Lindenmayer, D. 2009 Forest pattern and ecological process: a synthesis of 25 years of research. CSIRO publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Lollar, A. and Schmidt-French, B. 1998 Captive Care and Medical Reference for the Rehabilitation of Insectivorous Bats. Bat World, Mineral Wells, Texas.
Lumsden, L. 2009. The Christmas Island Pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus murrayi) at risk of extinction within six months! (http://batcall.csu.edu.au/abs/ChristmasIsland/PipistrellusmurrayiJan_09.htm, last accessed 3.10.10).
Lumsden, L. and Cherry, K. 1997. Report on a preliminary investigation of the Christmas Island pipistrelle, Pipistrellus murrayi, in June-July 1994, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research. Unpublished report to Parks Australia North, Christmas Island.
Lumsden, L., Silins, J. and Schulz, M. 1999. Population dynamics and ecology of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi on Christmas Island. Report for Parks Australia North - Christmas Island. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Lumsden, L., Schulz, M., Ashton, R. and Middleton, D. 2007. Investigation of threats to the Christmas Island Pipistrelle. A report to the Department of the Environment and Water Resources. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria.
Lumsden, L. and Schulz, M. 2009. Captive breeding and future in-situ management of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi. Unpublished report. Arthur Rylah Institute, Victoria.
Lunney, D. 1989. Priorities for bat conservation. Analysis of the responses to a Questionnaire in July 1989 by the participants of the Eighth International Bat Research Conference. Australian Zoologist 25: 71-8.
Lunney, D., Matthews, A., Stein, J. A. and Lunney, H. W. M. 2003. Australian bat research: the limitations of The Action Plan for Australian Bats in determining the direction of research. Pacific Conservation Biology 8: 255-260.
O'Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 2003. Invasional ‘meltdown’ on an oceanic island. Ecology Letters 6: 812-817.
Pennay, M., Law, B. and Lunney, D. 2011. Review of the distribution and status of the bat fauna of NSW and the ACT. Pp. 226-256 in The biology and conservation of Australasian bats, edited by B. Law, P. Eby, D. Lunney and L. Lumsden. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
Schulz, M. and Lumsden, L. F. 2004. National Recovery Plan for the Christmas Island Pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
Tidemann, C. 1985. A study of the status, habitat requirements and management of the two species of bats on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Report to Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
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