... Worldwide coral reefs are declining in health due to anthropogenic impacts including widespread bleaching or corals which often leads to death of the coral colony. Not only are we witnessing impacts on the cover of live coral and fish populations, but also we are losing the tremendous diversity...

... Coral reef ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to global climate change, owing to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reef-building scleractinian corals. Severe coral bleaching often kills scleractinian coral, leading to longer-term declines in habitat...

.... In marine environments, organisms are exposed to persistently high densities of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, which can affect habitat-formers like corals and seagrasses. On temperate rocky reefs, the dominant habitat-formers are seaweeds. Here we review recent work on a chemically defended seaweed...