..., it is then equitable that the whole community, which benefits from the protection of this animal, help the fruit grower cover the cost associated with the protection. There are several ways this could be accomplished: by funding research into methods by which GHFF can be deterred from damaging crops, by making...

... compile records to show that the total cost of this relocation attempt was at least $400,000 including 640 person-hours of effort. Flying-foxes made 23 attempts in those years to return to the original camp, although the frequency of attempts declined over time. Twelve other sites were used during...

... for netting becomes more acute. However, poor returns make it hard for the grower, especially the small-scale grower, to meet the cost of exclusion netting. Low interest loans that cover the cost of netting are available through the NSW government's Rural Assistance Scheme. However, the criteria for assessing...

... landcare and related schemes are attempting to restore some of the loss of the natural values in agricultural areas. This can be extended to your own garden with surprising success, but there are costs. The costs and benefits are the subject of this paper. Costs range from being considered rather odd...

... involve observing dolphins and whales from land and boats, as well as swimming with or feeding them in controlled situations. However, while there are obvious benefits of cetacean ecotourism to local communities, there may be associated costs to the animals and their environment. Research is being...

... The Silver Gull population in the Greater Melbourne Area has expanded dramatically in response to the availability of abundant anthropogenic foods. The activities of large numbers of gulls lead to a range of conflicts with human interests. These conflicts and examples of their economic costs...

...; the lack of basic infrastructure, i.e. roads, and the remoteness from major service centres means that vehicle and fuel costs are high. Increasingly, research funding is being directed to universities for postgraduate research projects, instead of more long-term, expensive projects in research centres...

... by private markets breaks down when confronted by public goods or goods with large externalities such as clean air, national defence and forest fauna. Cost-benefit analysis is a public decision-making mechanism designed to account for all of the economic values associated with a particular resource...

... of rehabilitation success. It presents evidence that invertebrates can provide a cost-effective means of generating information on the environmental status of minesites undergoing rehabilitation. ...

..., it also imposes great costs on ecosystems. Lands, waterways, the atmosphere and biodiversity are all greatly affected at both local and global scales. In fact, current human demands exceed Earth's renewable productive capacity, an inherently unsustainable situation. Consequently, achieving humanity's...

... proportion of the total bat fauna. Most importantly, pre-logging surveys yield little data on the effectiveness of prescriptions designed to minimise potential impacts of logging, yet their implementation represents an opportunity cost for considering other options. I suggest an alternative approach...

... research, monitoring and adaptive management. Vertebrate wildlife (mainly birds and mammals) has been a major focus of this review. The main strategic research questions concern the successional effects of logging, the relative merits and costs of integration or segregation and the appropriate scale...

... of information to enhance members' understanding of the causal link between decisions and environmental outcomes and the incorporation of environmental costs and benefits in socio-economic evaluations of water use in coastal NSW. ...