...; and, 2. Cognition and learning animals quickly learn to associate rewards with the cues that predict them (associative learning) but also rapidly learn to ignore cues that cost time and energy to investigate but lead to little or no reward (habituation); and, 3. The cues themselves that impart...

... tests are conducted in captivity, and fladry is not commercially available in Australia. As with any non-lethal tools that initially frighten, but do not condition predators, the potential exists for animals to grow accustomed to, and eventually ignore, presented stimuli. The onset of such habituation...

...; Dundas et al. 2021 4 AuZstoraolilaongist volume 42 (1) 2022 Approaching wildlife with drones Factor Airspeed Timing Flight duration Frequency of flights Consecutive flights Intervals between consecutive flights Time of day Time of year Allowance of habituation periods Geographic location No. publications...

... colour for wildlife warning reflectors has been found to be effective for most mammals (Benten et al. 2018). Yet, while the blue light may be easily detected by macropods, there is no evidence that the species responds to the visual stimuli of the fence as intended and without habituation (Coulson...

... subsequent nights with the gaps above the barrier remaining blocked, the bats may have habituated to the changed conditions and potentially made greater use of the bat windows. This was outside the scope of the present study. Tobin et al. (2018) reported inter-species differences in the response of bats...

... in an Australian songbird: habituation and individual discrimination in superb fairy-wren embryos. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141154. httpsdoi.org/10.1098/ rspb.2014.1154 Constantine, M. 2006. The Sound Approach to Birding. A guide to understanding bird sound. The Sound Approach, Poole, Dorset. Dalziell...

... indications that disturbance by drones may trigger short- term (physiological) and long-term effects (Mulero- Pázmány 2017). Some animals, however, have been shown to habituate to repeated exposures (Ditmer et al. 2019). Despite limitations, drones are a new platform for aerial monitoring, which offers a wide...

... the immediate response of small mammals to dog odour (see also Banks 1998) and to avoid problems of habituation masking avoidance. Clean (no dog faeces) and scented (with dog faeces) traps were always handled and set by different people to prevent contamination of clean traps. For each captured animals, sex...

..., and ongoing experience has shown that there is a clear pathway leading to this point. Familiarisation or attraction leads to habituation or human-tolerance, and without intervention, humantolerance leads to increasingly negative and higherrisk interactions, ultimately requiring intervention or humane...

.... Kangaroos at the natural site are therefore more likely to be habituated to humans on foot when compared to kangaroos at the developed site. Animals that are more habituated to humans are less likely to adjust their activity patterns to avoid humans and would be less vigilant in close proximity to human...

... Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands). This survey was undertaken between May and June 2007 in an area of 128,000 km2 that straddles the northern WA-SA border (Lethbridge and Gee 2007). This area is believed to have one of the highest densities of feral camels in Australia. Ground surveys in some areas habitually...

...; Schroeder et al. 2020; Weston et al. 2020; Dundas et al. 2021 4 AuZstoraolilaongist volume 42 (1) 2022 Approaching wildlife with drones Factor Airspeed Timing Flight duration Frequency of flights Consecutive flights Intervals between consecutive flights Time of day Time of year Allowance of habituation...

... could not detect the stimulus, habituated to the stimulus, or responded by freezing on the road (D Angelo and van der Ree 2015; Benten et al. 2018). Similarly, reflectors did not reduce incidence of road-kills of macropods in a Before-After-ControlImpact study in Victoria (Aspinall 1994) and captive...

.... Habitus images of the target species. A) Kirkaldyella rugosa, B) K. schuhi, C) Myrmecoroides grossi, D) Setocoris n.sp_BINA red morph, E) Setocoris n.sp_BINA yellow morph, F) Woodwardiola n.sp_LOMA , G) Epimixia vulturna, H) Eritingis trivirgata. Scale bar equals 1 mm. 354 AuZstoraolilaongist volume...

... and fledglings were habituated to human fig tree by prey species may have been attracting the owls. activity, sometimes roosting above walking tracks that An adult owl killing a medium-sized Common Brushtail received high visitation (cf. Carson 2013). As a result, Possum (~900 g body mass) was recorded on 12...

... of practice under the good counsel of mentoring elders. The ideal of virtue theory is an emotionally intelligent person for whom acting ethically comes naturally after years of habituation into a virtue-enhancing milieu. The key question is whether the biopreferences of invertebrates 12 Some utilitarians...

...). Laboratory rodents are specifically bred to have little genetic variability, and both breeding and habituation result in a domesticated temperament. In contrast, wildlife species are highly diverse, can show considerable intraspecific variability, and under field conditions will be experiencing significant...

... from 18:00 06:00 on a rotational basis, with a minimum interval of 1-hr between fixes, and up to 4 coordinates collected on a single animal per night. Four adult females, two adult males, one sub-adult female, and two sub-adult males were captured and collared. Habituation was considered successful...