The current issue of wood resources in short supply and the increasing use of wood for energy purposes are discussed in a contradictory way within the forest-wood chain. Two selected theses of the author are discussed in the current paper: 1) The scarcity of resources triggers innovation regarding an efficient use of resources and 2) a continuous situation of scarcity of the raw material wood leads to a change in the structure of wood business. The situation of raw material supply will lead to new resource-efficient technologies and innovative products but also to a shift in the currently predominating supply chains and to new chains such as the wood refinery chain and to an increasing use of wood as an energy carrier.

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