Since the turn of the millennium, focus has increased substantially with respect to the secondary consequences of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the spinal cord injury (SCI) community. Individuals with SCI rank the restoration of ANS function above regaining the ability to walk. Increased attention regarding the impact of ANS impairment on organ system function has improved clinical management and has guided determination of therapeutic treatment efficacy. This effort was supported, in part, by an international collaboration between the Autonomic Standards Committee of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), which led to the development of the International Standards to document Autonomic Function following SCI (ISAFSCI). Recommendations from this international collaboration were originally published in 2009 and were revised in 2012. The ISAFSCI, which is sometimes referred to as the Autonomic Standards, is recommended to be used in conjunction with...

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