Applying the latest data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, we update the average lifetime direct costs of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. Assuming that health care price inflation equals future interest rates, the lifetime direct costs for persons injured at age 25 vary by severity of injury, ranging from 2.1 to 5.4 million dollars, which are much higher than what has been expected based on inflation-adjusted data from 1992. This increase is attributable to both the improvement in life expectancy in the SCI population and an increase in costs of care after SCI.
Strauss DJ, DeVivo MJ, Paculdo DR, Shavelle RM. Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(8):1079-1085.
,
Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury.
, Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
, vol. 87
(pg. 1079
-1085
) DeVivo MJ, Stuart Krause J, Lammertse DP. Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(11):1411-1419.
,
Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury.
, Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
, vol. 80
(pg. 1411
-1419
) Frankel HL, Coll JR, Charlifue SW, et al. Long-term survival in spinal cord injury: a fifty year investigation. Spinal Cord. 1998;36(4):266.
,
Long-term survival in spinal cord injury: a fifty year investigation.
, Spinal Cord.
, vol. 36
pg. 266
Sekhon LHS, Fehlings MG. Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine. 2001;26(24S):S2-S12.
,
Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury.
, Spine.
, vol. 26
(pg. S2
-S12
) National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Spinal cord injury facts and figures at a glance. J Spinal Cord Med. 2010;33(4):439-440.
,
National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Spinal cord injury facts and figures at a glance.
, J Spinal Cord Med.
, vol. 33
(pg. 439
-440
) Wyndaele M, Wyndaele JJ. Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey? Spinal Cord. 2006;44(9):523-529.
,
Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?
, Spinal Cord.
, vol. 44
(pg. 523
-529
) DeVivo MJ, Whiteneck GG, Charles ED, Jr. The economic impact of spinal cord injury. In: Stover SL, Delisa JA, Whiteneck GG, eds. Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers; 1995:234-271.
,
The economic impact of spinal cord injury.
, Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems.
(pg. 234
-271
) Berkowitz M, O’Leary PK, Kruse DL. Spinal Cord Injury: An Analysis of Medical and Social Costs. New York: Demos; 1998.
,
Spinal Cord Injury: An Analysis of Medical and Social Costs.
Filart R. The financial impact of spinal cord dysfunction. In: Lin VW, Cardenas DD, Cutter NC, et al., eds. Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos; 2010:1035-1049.
,
The financial impact of spinal cord dysfunction.
, Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice.
(pg. 1035
-1049
) Fiedler IG, Laud PW, Maiman DJ, Apple DF. Economics of managed care in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(11):1441-1449.
,
Economics of managed care in spinal cord injury.
, Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
, vol. 80
(pg. 1441
-1449
) DeVivo MJ. Trends in spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes from model systems in the United States: 1973-2006. Spinal Cord. 2007;45:713-721.
,
Trends in spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes from model systems in the United States: 1973-2006.
, Spinal Cord.
, vol. 45
(pg. 713
-721
) Webster B, Giunti G, Young A, Pransky G, Nesathurai S. Work-related tetraplegia: cause of injury and annual medical costs. Spinal Cord. 2004;42(4):240-247.
,
Work-related tetraplegia: cause of injury and annual medical costs.
, Spinal Cord.
, vol. 42
(pg. 240
-247
) French DD, Campbell RR, Sabharwal S, Nelson AL, Palacios PA, Gavin-Dreschnack D. Health care costs for patients with chronic spinal cord injury in the Veterans Health Administration. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30(5):477-481.
,
Health care costs for patients with chronic spinal cord injury in the Veterans Health Administration.
, J Spinal Cord Med.
, vol. 30
(pg. 477
-481
) Yu W, Smith B, Kim S, Chow A, Weaver FM. Major medical conditions and VA healthcare costs near end of life for veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(6):831-840.
,
Major medical conditions and VA healthcare costs near end of life for veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders.
, J Rehabil Res Dev.
, vol. 45
(pg. 831
-840
) DeVivo MJ, Chen YY, Mennemeyer S, Deutsch A. Costs of care following spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2011;16(4):1-9.
,
Costs of care following spinal cord injury.
, Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.
, vol. 16
(pg. 1
-9
) DeVivo MJ. Estimating life expectancy for use in determining lifetime costs of care. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2002:49-58.
,
Estimating life expectancy for use in determining lifetime costs of care.
, Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.
(pg. 49
-58
) Arias E. United States life tables, 2006. Natl Vital Statics Rep. 2010 58:1-40.
,
United States life tables, 2006.
, Natl Vital Statics Rep.
, vol. 58
(pg. 1
-40
) DeVivo MJ, Stover SL. Long-term survival and causes of death. In: Stover SL, Delisa JA, Whiteneck GG, eds. Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers; 1995:289-316.
,
Long-term survival and causes of death.
, Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems.
(pg. 289
-316
) National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Annual report for the spinal cord injury model systems. 2009. https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/public_content/ pdf/2009%20NSCISC%20Annual%20Statistical%20 Report%20-%20Complete%20Public%20Version.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2010. www.nscisc.uab.edu/public_content/
Menter RR. Aging and spinal cord injury: implications for existing model systems and future federal, state, and local health care policy. In: Apple DF, Hudson LM, eds. Spinal Cord Injury: The Model. Atlanta: Georgia Regional Spinal Cord Injury Care System; 1990:72-80.
,
Aging and spinal cord injury: implications for existing model systems and future federal, state, and local health care policy.
(pg. 72
-80
)
This content is only available as a PDF.
