Concentrations (ppm wet weight) of elements in whole blood of Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) sampled in Alaska, USA, March 2007 to April 2008. Data are presented as mean±SE, median (minimum–maximum). For elements with some samples below detection limits, the minimum is presented as number of “nondetects” (ND). Boldface denotes significant differences (P<0.05) between groups (juveniles vs. adults without beak deformity; adults without vs. with beak deformity).
a Ag = silver; Al = aluminum; As = arsenic; B = boron; Ba = barium; Be = beryllium; Ca = calcium; Cd = cadmium; Co = cobalt; Cr = chromium; Cu = copper; Fe = iron; Hg = mercury; K = potassium; Li = lithium; Mg = magnesium; Mn = manganese; Mo = molybdenum; Na = sodium; Ni = nickel; P = potassium; Pb = lead; Sb = antimony; Se = selenium; Si = silicon; Sn = tin; Sr = strontium; Tl = thaladium; V = vanadium; Zn = zinc.