Maximum-likelihood phylogeny for avian influenza virus N8 subtypes identified in sediment samples during the 2014–15 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Study samples highlighted in bold. ■=study sequences from farms; =study sequences from wetlands; ▲=reference sequences associated with H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and obtained in 2014–15. Numbers above the branches indicate bootstrap support for each clade of viruses. Scale bar indicates number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The tree is midpoint rooted.