Panel A: Experimental timeline for addition of low-to-moderate-dose whole-brain radiation treatment (WBRT) to in situ vaccination (ISV) + anti-CTLA-4 (a-CTLA-4) regimen. The ISV approach includes radiation and IT-IC. Panel B: Survival curve for mice receiving WBRT in addition to ISV + anti-CTLA-4 regimen, and treatment controls (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Kaplan-Meier, n ≥ 10, at least two independent animal experiments).