RS values of 49, 59, and 70% v/v composite wires and 4 conventional AW alloys when opposed by SS brackets. When the N_FR = 150 cN for the composite wires and N_FR = 300 cN for 4 conventional AW alloys, the composite wires are superior or comparable not only for θ ≤ θ_c′ but also for θ > θ_c′ such that θ = θ_c. Beyond that point, these wires have RS values that are less than the CoCr and SS wires and intermediate to the β-Ti and NiTi wires.33–35 Conditions for the metallic AW systems: AWs = 16 × 22 mil SS (Standard Edgewise, American Orthodontics), 16 × 22 mil CoCr (Elgiloy Blue, RMO), 16 × 22 mil β-Ti (TMA, Ormco), and 16 × 22 mil NiTi (Nitinol, Unitek/3M); BRs = 22 mil SS (Ultra-Minitrim, Dentaurum); state = saliva; test temperature = 34°C; N_FR = 300 cN; IBD = 18 mm. Conditions for the composite AW system: AWs = 20 mil S2-glass composite (UNC); BRs = 22 mil SS (Uni-Twin, Unitek/3M); state = dry; test temperature = 34°C; N_FR = 150 cN; IBD = 16 mm