Figure 1.
Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: control group. New vital bone (VB; original magnification ×125). High magnification of the central area of the defect showing a large bone island and bone on both sides of the membrane (M). Figure 2. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: 1% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Central area of the defect (original magnification ×31.25). The center of the defect showing decalcified bone particles (DBPs; black arrow) surrounded by connective tissue (yellow arrows), the edges consist of solid bone with an amalgamation of DBPs and new bone (green arrow). Bone linking is not as evident as with 2% DFDBA (Figure 3).Figure 3. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect (CSD): 2% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Center of CSD (original magnification ×31.25). Center of defect showing an amalgamation of the decalcified bone particles and the new vital bone that is forming a linked bridge over the CSD. New haversian canals that indicate maturation (green arrow) and the linking of new vital bone and decalcified-bone particle can be appreciated (black arrows).Figure 4. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: 3% to 6% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Central area of the defect (original magnification ×31.25). The center of the defect shows an abundance of connective tissue compared to the 2% DFDBA group. Minimal haversian systems are seen indicating lack of complete maturation.Figure 5. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect (CSD): freeze-dried bone allograft. Central area of the CSD (original magnification ×31.25). Center of defect shows unresorbed freeze-dried bone particle (FDBP) surrounded by an abundance of connective tissue (CT). Minimal new bone formation is evident within the CSD.Figure 6. Undecalcified Modified Masson's trichrome histology of the critical-sized defect 2% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft group (original magnification ×12.50). Arrows indicate amalgamation of decalcified bone particle and new bone.

Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: control group. New vital bone (VB; original magnification ×125). High magnification of the central area of the defect showing a large bone island and bone on both sides of the membrane (M). Figure 2. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: 1% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Central area of the defect (original magnification ×31.25). The center of the defect showing decalcified bone particles (DBPs; black arrow) surrounded by connective tissue (yellow arrows), the edges consist of solid bone with an amalgamation of DBPs and new bone (green arrow). Bone linking is not as evident as with 2% DFDBA (Figure 3).Figure 3. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect (CSD): 2% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Center of CSD (original magnification ×31.25). Center of defect showing an amalgamation of the decalcified bone particles and the new vital bone that is forming a linked bridge over the CSD. New haversian canals that indicate maturation (green arrow) and the linking of new vital bone and decalcified-bone particle can be appreciated (black arrows).Figure 4. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect: 3% to 6% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Central area of the defect (original magnification ×31.25). The center of the defect shows an abundance of connective tissue compared to the 2% DFDBA group. Minimal haversian systems are seen indicating lack of complete maturation.Figure 5. Decalcified hematoxylin and eosin histology of the critical-sized defect (CSD): freeze-dried bone allograft. Central area of the CSD (original magnification ×31.25). Center of defect shows unresorbed freeze-dried bone particle (FDBP) surrounded by an abundance of connective tissue (CT). Minimal new bone formation is evident within the CSD.Figure 6. Undecalcified Modified Masson's trichrome histology of the critical-sized defect 2% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft group (original magnification ×12.50). Arrows indicate amalgamation of decalcified bone particle and new bone.

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