Figures 4–6. Figure 4. Stress on cortical (a) and cancellous (b) bone when the force was applied at 10, 15, and 20 mm distally to the terminal implant. Figure 5. Stress on cortical (a) and cancellous (b) bone varying the modulus of elasticity of cancellous bone. Figure 6. Stress on cortical (a) and cancellous (b) bone when the abutment length is increased from 3.0 to 5.5 to 7.0 mm