(a) Titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surface in graft: General overview shows peri-implant bone with few graft particles and thick bony trabeculae (Toluidine blue, original magnification ×8). (b) TPS surface in graft: Thick peri-implant trabeculae of composite bone (arrows) and new primary osteons (O) (Toluidine blue, original magnification ×50). (c) TPS surface in graft: The new bone contacted only the crests (tips) of the threads (arrows) (Toluidine blue, original magnification ×25). (d) TPS surface in graft: Amorphous interfacial structures in some locations could be ascribed to bone powder (arrows). Small cracks in this region may be preparation artifacts (Toluidine blue, original magnification ×100). (e) TPS surface in graft: Bone resorption activity at the interface is evident through an osteoclast in the Howship's lacuna (arrow) (Toluidine blue, original magnification ×400)