mRNA levels of RAD5 and RAD18 transcripts. Total RNA was extracted from wild type and lsm1Δ, reverse transcribed and amplified using gene-specific primers. Ratio of transcripts between lsm1Δ and wild type was calculated after normalization to actin internal control. A value of 1 indicates no difference in mRNA expression between the two strains, value greater than 1 indicates an increase in expression in wild type, and value less than 1 indicates a decrease in expression in lsm1Δ. No value indicates that expression was not detectable in lsm1Δ